2018_2019学年高中英语Module4MusicBorninAmericaSectionⅢGrammar_时间状语从句与省略教案外研版

SectionⅢGrammar-时间状语从句与省略　　　[语法初识] 原句感知 自主探究 ①SomeoftheDJsbeganspeakingandshoutingwhilethemusicplayed.②ThemomentIheardit,Iknewitwasacompletelynewkindofmusic.③Thefirsttimethatrapartistsrecordedtheirmusic,musiciansrecordedthebackingtracks(themusicwithoutthesinging)inthestudioandtherappersaddedtheirvocalslater.④Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanitbegantorain.⑤HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.⑥—Doyouwanttogotothemovietonight?—Ihopeto(gotothemovie)．⑦While(Iwas)atcollege,Ibegantoknowhim,astrangebutablestudent. (1)句①～⑤中黑体部分在句中引导是时间状语从句，句⑥⑦为省略句。(2)句④⑤为nosooner...than.../hardly...when...句式，示“一……就……”，且nosooner/hardly位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。(3)句⑥是不定式的省略，省略了to后面的动词(短语)。(4)句⑦中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含be动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和be动词同时省略。[语法剖析] 语法点一 时间状语从句1．由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句 when 从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。从句的动作与主句的动作可以同时、之前或之后发生 while 从句中的动词只能是延续性动词，从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句中的动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。侧重指从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行，常译为“一边……一边……；随着”Whenshecamein,Iwasdoingmyhomework.当她进来时，我正在做作业。When/whileIlivedwiththeSmiths,weusedtodiscussinternationalissuestogether.我和史密斯一家住在一起时，我们经常一起讨论国际问题。Asshegrewolder,shelostinterestingardening.随着年龄越来越大，她对园艺失去了兴趣。2．由till或until引导的时间状语从句 主句形式 主句谓语 意义 肯定句 用延续性动词 意为“直到……为止”，表示主句中的动作截止到从句动作发生时 否定句 用短暂性动词 意为“直到……才……”，表示主句中的动作开始于从句动作发生时Hewaiteduntilshehadfinishedspeaking.他一直等到她讲完。Youcan'tgohomeuntilyoufinishyourwork.工作完成后你才能回家。[名师点津]　(1)till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但till不可用于句首并且在强调句中多用until。(2)如果将“notuntil...”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。Itwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantotellmethesecret.直到会议结束他才开始告诉我那个秘密。Notuntilwepointedouttheirfaulttothemdidtheyrealizeit.直到我们向他们指出，他们才意识到自己的错误。3．由since引导的时间状语从句(1)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。Wehavebeenmissingthemsincetheylefthere.自从他们离开这儿以来我们一直想念他们。(2)若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，则从句表示的时间是“从延续性动作或状态结束时算起”。HowlongisitsinceyoulivedinShanghai?你多久不住在上海了？4．由before引导的时间状语从句(1)before意为“在……之前”，置于主句前后均可。Beforethesunsets,wemustgohome.太阳落山前，我们必须回家。(2)如果before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在……之前”，而要译成“过了多久才……”“还未……就……”等。ThestrugglelastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.战争持续了4年北方才最终获胜。Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎撞到我时才看见我。SheleftbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithher.我还没来得及和她说句话，她就离开了。(3)before常用句型Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。5．由意为“一……就……”的词引导的时间状语从句(1)immediately,instantly,directly,themoment/instant/minute(that)作连词引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生。常译成“一……就……”。Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一开始说话，他就会全神贯注地听。(2)hardly/scarcely...when...和nosooner...than...也表示“一……就……”。主句用过去完成时，when和than从句中用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely和nosooner位于句首时，主句应倒装。Hardlyhadwebegunourwalkwhenitbegantorain.我们刚开始散步天就开始下雨了。6．由名词短语引导的时间状语从句短语thefirst/lasttime,every/each/nexttime等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihaveapaininmythroat.每次感冒我的嗓子就疼。HewaswritingaletterthefirsttimeIsawhim.我第一次看到他时，他在写信。7．bythetime引导的时间状语从句Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成这项工作了。[名师点津]　bythetime引导的时间状语从句可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①Bythetimehewasfourteen,Einsteinhad_learned(learn)advancedmathematicsallbyhimself.②Thediscussioncame(come)alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.③Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthetrain_left(leave)．④Bythetimeheis60,hewill_have_retired(retire)fromhispresentposition.⑤Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyoutoldmethetechniqueofsinging.⑥Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.⑦Helookedattheplanetakingofftill/untilitdisappeared.⑧Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.⑨Theboyburstintotearsimmediately(immediate)hesawhismother.⑩Remembertosendmeaphotoofusthenexttimeyouwrite(write)tome.1－2.单句改错⑪Howtimeflies!Ithasbeentwoweeksafterourwintervacationbegan.after→since⑫Itwon'tbelongwhenwehavethemidtermexamination.when→before⑬Everytimewhenhearrivedhomeattheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor.去掉when⑭BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissongraduatedfromcollege.graduated前加had 语法点二 省　略为了避免重复，可以省略句中的一些成分，这种现象叫省略。常可省略句子中的主语、谓语动词、部分谓语(＋宾语)、不定式符号to后的动词原形及其后的词语和句子中的一部分。1．省略主语(1)祈使句中通常省略主语you。(2)在口语交际中常省略交际双方都清楚的主语，如I,you,it等。(You)Leavehiminpeace!不要去打扰他！(I)Don'tknow.我不知道。(It)Lookslikerain.像是要下雨了。2．省略谓语Who(comes)next?谁下一个来？Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn't(donehishomework)．鲍勃已经做了家庭作业，但汤姆却没有(做家庭作业)。Johnwasthewinnerin2017andBob(wasthewinner)in2018.约翰是2017年的获胜者，鲍勃是2018年的(获胜者)。3．省略表语省略表语的情况比较普遍。—Areyouready?—Yes,weare(ready)．——你们准备好了吗？——是的，我们准备好了。4．动词不定式的省略(1)在并列结构中为了避免重复，可省略后面的不定式符号to。但如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。Itisimpossibletolaughand(to)cryatthesametime.同时又哭又笑是不可能的。Youcandoitthiswayifyoucareto(doit)．如果你愿意可以这样做。(2)在let,make,have等使役动词后和在see,hear,observe,notice,feel,watch等感官动词后用作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般省略to。但变为被动语态时，to要保留。Youhavemademe(to)feelsecure.你使我感到安全。Theboywasnoticedtoentertheoffice.男孩被注意到进入了办公室。(3)but表示“除了……之外”时，其前若有实义动词do的某种形式，but后的不定式须省略to。Wehavenothingtodobut(to)wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。5．省略句子中的一部分在特定语境中，常省略与前面相重复的部分。—WhogaveyouthatCD?—Dad(gaveittome)．——谁给你的那张唱片？——爸爸(给的)。IlentittosomeonebutIcan'trememberwho(Ilentitto)．我把它借给某个人了，但我记不起是谁了。Iftheweatherisfine,wewillgo.If(theweatheris)not(fine),(wewill)not(go)．如果天气好，我们就去。如果天气不好，我们就不去。[名师点津]　当后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同，只是前句为肯定，后句为否定时，常省略后句中与前句相同的部分，只保留否定词not。6．从句中的省略(1)宾语从句中若有两个或两个以上的that从句时，只能省略第一个that。(2)定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which和whom是可以省略的。(3)在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中，若从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语部分含有系动词be或状语从句中有itis结构时，通常省略“主语＋be动词”或“itis”。Heactedasif(hewas)certainofsuccess.他表现的就像一定会成功一样。Unless(thislaw/itis)changed,thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。Though(hewas)exhausted,hewenttobedverylate.虽然他已筋疲力尽，但还是很晚才睡觉。集中演练22－1.单句语法填空①Didanyonenoticeastrangercome(come)intothebank?②Thenextyear,aftergrowing(grow)muchtaller,Tomenteredtheschoolbasketballteameventually.③Theseworkersmustweartheiruniformsandthemaskstokeeptheenvironmentcleanwhileworking(work)．④Whencompleted(complete),theamusementparkwillbeopentothepublicnextsummer.⑤Unlessinvited(invite)togotohisbirthdayparty,Iwillbuynothingforhim.2－2.句型转换⑥Thoughhisfamilywaspoor,hisfamilymanagedtosendhimtoschool.→Thoughpoor,_hisfamilymanagedtosendhimtoschool.⑦WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.→Whilewalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.⑧Youshouldn'tcometohispartyunlessyouareinvited.→Youshouldn'tcometohispartyunlessinvited.⑨Helookedeverywhereasifhewasinsearchofsomething.→Helookedeverywhereasifinsearchofsomething.⑩Ifitispossible,JohnwouldliketostudyChineseinBeijinginthefuture.→Ifpossible,_JohnwouldliketostudyChineseinBeijinginthefuture.⑪Johnworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidn'tworkhard.→Johnworkedhardbuthisbrotherdidn't.⑫Imeanttowritetoyou,butIforgottowritetoyou.→Imeanttowritetoyou,butIforgotto.⑬Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework,butheoughttohavefinishedit.→Hehasn'tfinishedhishomework,butheoughttohave.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.解析：考查状语从句。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会探索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。根据句意，此处应用until引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作一直持续到until从句所表达的时间才结束。2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.解析：考查状语从句。句意：慢慢地，随着人口的增加(当人口增加时)，为了使食物熟得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意可知，空格处填as或when，引导时间状语从句。3．(2016·天津高考)Astheaverageageofthepopulationincreases,therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.解析：考查状语从句。随着人口平均寿命的延长，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。此处as引导时间状语从句表示“随着”。4．(2015·天津高考)Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembefore_wecansolveit.解析：考查状语从句。句意：我们需要找出问题的根源才能解决问题。before“在……之前”，在此引导时间状语从句。5．(2015·北京高考)Ifaccepted(accept)forthejob,you'llbeinformedsoon.解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果你被接受做这项工作的话，你将很快得到。条件状语从句中省略了的主语you与accept之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词accepted。6．(2014·湖南高考)Children,whenaccompanied_(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：有家长陪伴时，孩子们才被允许进入体育场。在状语从句中，当主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词或be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的主语和be。设空处的完整形式为whentheyareaccompaniedby...，省略了theyare。[针对演练]Ⅰ.句型转换1．Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifheisnotathome,leavehimanote.→Hemaynotbeathomethen.Ifso,_leavehimanote.2．Shefellasleepwhileshewasdoingherhomework.→Shefellasleepwhiledoingherhomework.3．WhenTomsawMaryforthefirsttime,hewasimpressedwithher.→The_firsttimeTomsawMary,hewasimpressedwithher.4．Don'thesitatetocallmewhenyouareintrouble.→Don'thesitatetocallmewhen_in_trouble.5．Immediatelyhecamehome,hetoldmethenews.→As_soon_as/The_momenthecamehome,hetoldmethenews.6．Shewillnotgotobeduntilhersonreturns.(notuntil置于句首)→Not_until_her_sonreturns_will_shegotobed.7．Sheopenedhermouthasifshewantedtospeak.→Sheopenedhermouthasiftospeak.8．Hehasnothingtodo.Hehastosleep.→Hehasnothingtodobut_sleep.9．Whentheywerefirstintroducedtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.→When_first_introducedtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.10．Theymadetheboygotobedearly.→Theboywasmadetogo_tobedearly.Ⅱ.完成句子1．当麦琪十五岁的时候，她已经获得了很多音乐类的奖项了。By_the_time_Maggie_was_15,_shehadwonalotofmusicalawards.2．每当见到有人需要帮助，我就会尽力去帮助他。Whenever_I_see_someone_in_need,_Iwillsparenoeffortstohelphim.3．昨晚我下班刚回家就开始下雨了。No_sooner_had_I_arrivedhomelastnightfromworkthanitbegantorain.4．随着时间的推移，我们更好地理解了我们周围的事物。As_time_goes_by,_wehaveabetterunderstandingofthingsaroundus.5．我继续工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。Iwentonwithmyworkuntil_I_finished_washing_all_the_clothes.6．过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。It_won't_be_long_beforewemeetagain.7．他参军已经七年了。It_is/has_been_seven_years_sincehejoinedthearmy.Ⅲ.短文改错Lastyear,wewentonexchangeprogrammetoEnglandtomakeourEnglishimproved.Theplanetookoffontimebutwearrivedsmoothly.BeforeIwent,IwasquiteproudoftheirEnglish,buteveryoneinEnglandspokeveryfastthatIcouldn'tmakeoutwhattheyweresaying.Iwasn'tevensureofwhethertheplanehadreallylandedintherightcountry!Iwasinfearsandwantedtogostraightbackhome.However,thingssoongetbetterandbetter.Thehostfamilywasverykind,and,fortunate,theboythatIwasstayingwithwaskeenonfootball.Wehadfunplayedtogether.IgotusedtolivinginEnglandinthehelpofmyhostfamily.：第一句：wenton后加an第二句：but→and第三句：their→my;very→so第四句：去掉of第五句：fears→fear第六句：get→got第七句：fortunate→fortunately第八句：played→playing第九句：第二个in→with