考研考博-英语-甘肃民族师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-甘肃民族师范学院考试押题卷含详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Teenagersarespendingmoremoneythanever.Justlastyear,31.6millionteensspent155billion,accordingtotheNorthbrook,Illinois-basedmarketresearchgroupTeenageResearchUnlimited.Muchofthatmoney,ofcourse,comesfromparents.Shockedathowmuchmoneykidsspend?Maybeyouhaven'tcheekedthepricetagslatelyonsomeoftheyoungergeneration'smust-haves.Tosome,suchextravagantspendingonthenotoriouslyfickleyoungmightseemoutrageous.Whydosomeparentsgivein?Onefactorissurelythesheerpowerofmarketingthroughmassmedia.AccordingtothegroupAdbusters,teenagersareexposedtoanestimated3,000advertisementseachday.Combinetheadswithprogrammingitself,likethefashion-,music-,andskin-filledshowsonMTVandyou’vegotabarrageofmessagestellingkidswhattheyshouldowniftheywanttofitin."Thepressuresonparentstodayareenormous,nsaysTomVogele,asinglefatheroftwin18-year-oldgirlsinNewportBeach,Calif."Itrulybelieveitishardertodaytoraisechildrenwithoutspoilingthem,notbecauseparentsarelesscapableorlazy,butbecausesomanyforcesareworkingagainstme.’’Manyworkingparentsprobablycompensatebyspendingmoneyontheirkids,saysTimothyMarshall,anassociateprofessorofdevelopmentalpsychologyatChristopherNewportUniversityinVirginia.Forsome,thereisprobablysomeguiltinvolvedinnotspendingenoughtimeathome.But,addsMarshall,spendingmoneyisalsooftenmoreconvenientinourfast-pacedsocietythangoingtobaseballgamesorotheractivities."It'seasiertosaylet’sgooutandspendsomemoney,intermsoffindingtimeinabusyscheduletospendwithkids,55Marshallsaid.Formanyfamilies,ofcourse,keepingupwiththeirchildren'scostlydemandsfordesignerclothing,CDs,andconcertticketsisafinancialimpossibility.Evenforthosefamilieswhocanaffordsuchlavishspending,strikingacompromisebetweenspoilingthekidsanddenyingthemistricky,butpossible.Teachingkidshowtobudgetandsaveiskey,Marshallsays.Insteadofjustgivingchildrenthetoysorclothingtheydesire,givethemanallowanceandshowthemhowtheycansaveupforwhatevertheywant,hesays.Anddon’tbeafraidtojustsayno,Marshalladds."Weneedtostepupandtellkidswheretheboundariesare,thatispartsofourresponsibilityasparents,"hesaid.1.Inthefirstparagraph,“Northbrook"ismostprobably（ ）.2.Somepeoplefinditoutrageousthat（ ）.  3.Whatistheeffectofmarketingthroughmassmedia?4.AccordingtoMarshall,parentsprefertospendmoneyontheirchildrenmainlybecause（ ）.  5.WhatdoesMarshallthinkparentsshoulddowiththechildren'sspendinghabit?问题1选项A.amarketresearchcompanybasedinIllinoisB.aspokesmanfortheTeenageResearchUnlimitedC.thebaseoftheTeenageResearchUnlimitedD.thecitywherethespendingsurveywascarriedout问题2选项A.someparentsindulgetheirchildreninextravagantspendingB.someyoungergeneration'smust-havescouldcostsomuchC.someparentsareignorantabouttheirchildren'sspendingD.somechildrendisregardtheirnotoriousspendinghabits问题3选项A.Itfillsthemarketwithadsbeyondtheyoung’sunderstanding.B.Itdirectsnotonlythetrendbutalsothewaysofadvertising.C.ItstuffsallkindsofadsintoTVshowsandradioprograms.D.Ittriggersyoungpeople’sdesiretokeepupwiththetrend.问题4选项A.theycan'taffordthetimetostaywiththeirchildren.B.theywanttomakeuptheirguiltfortheirchildren.C.theyfinditmoreconvenientthangoingoutwiththechildren.D.theyfeelitishardtoraisechildrenwithoutindulgingthem问题5选项A.Theyshouldrefusetopayfortheirlavishspending.B.Theyshouldrestrainthechildren'sspendingwithinlimits.C.Theyshouldberesponsibleforprovidingforthechildren.D.Theyshoulddrawupabudgetplanforthechildren.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Teenagersarespendingmoremoneythanever.Justlastyear,31.6millionteensspent155billion,accordingtotheNorthbrook,Illinois-basedmarketresearchgroupTeenageResearchUnlimited提到了Northbrook，后面跟了一个同位语来解释说明Northbrook，所以可以得知Northbrook是一个市场调研集团。选项A符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句Tosome,suchextravagantspendingonthenotoriouslyfickleyoungmightseemoutrageous提到对一些人来说，年轻人在奢侈品上花太多钱让他们无法容忍。选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提到青少年受各种大众媒体的影响很大。各种形式的广告不断告诉他们如果想适应这个社会，就应该拥有某些东西。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段提到很多父母没有时间陪伴孩子，因而感到愧疚（Forsome,thereisprobablysomeguiltinvolvedinnotspendingenoughtimeathome），于是，便通过多给孩子零用钱作为补偿（Manyworkingparentsprobablycompensatebyspendingmoneyontheirkids）。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到父母应该告诉孩子如何做预算，如何节省，而不是一味地放任。选项D符合题意。2.单选题IndescribingtheIndiansofthevarioussectionsoftheUnitedStatesatdifferentstagesintheirhistory,someofthefactorswhichaccountfortheirsimilarityamiddifferencecanbereadilyaccountedfor,othersaredifficultto（ ）.问题1选项A.refineB.discernC.embedD.cluster【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refine“精炼；改善”；B选项discern“觉察出；识别”；C选项embed“栽种；使嵌入”；D选项cluster“使聚集”。句意：在描述不同历史阶段美国不同地区的印第安人时，一些说明印第安人差异中的相似处的因素可以很容易地加以说明，另一些就难以……。由此可知，我们需要找出的是accountfor的同义词，选项中只有B选项意义接近，因此B选项符合题意。3.单选题Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.26.AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace______.27.TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto______.28.ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that______.29.Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?30.Whichismotanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?问题1选项A.doesnotexistwithregardtoatomsB.isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatomsC.isanerroneousnotionconcerningatomsD.possessesinertialmass问题2选项A.supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theoriesB.notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruthC.highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theoryD.addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion问题3选项A.philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefieldsB.scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheoriesC.hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsoundD.hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle问题4选项A.Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot.B.Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower.C.Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants.D.Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies.问题5选项A.Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels.B.Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatient’shealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday.C.Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild.D.Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】26.【选项释义】26.AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace______.26.根据德谟克利特的说法，真空______。A.doesnotexistwithregardtoatomsA.对于原子来说是不存在的B.isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatomsB.对于原子的运动来说是没有方向的C.isanerroneousnotionconcerningatomsC.关于原子，它的概念是错误的D.possessesinertialmassD.具有惯性质量【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】定位到第三段前两句“第二，在整个真空中原子在每个方向（ineverydirection）无限运动（inperpetualmotion）。德谟克利特说，在真空中没有上面或下面、前面或后面。”，这一点属于德谟克利特原子论的其中一点，所以根据德谟克利特的说法，在真空中，原子的运动是没有方向的，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项定位第二段最后一句“原子外的空间是真空的（Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty），这是德谟克利特同时代的大多数人无法接受的概念”，可知A项与原文相反，为反向干扰；C选项在原文并未提及德谟克利特对于原子的概念是错误的，属于曲解原文；D选项讲的是原子的连续运动，和题干无关，属于张冠李戴。27.【选项释义】27.TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto______.27.作者在第4段讨论了亚里士多德和他的追随者的信仰，是为了______。A.supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theoriesA.支持德谟克利特理论的可信性B.notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruthB.注意到有影响力的个人推迟了对科学真理的接受C.highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theoryC.强调德谟克利特理论某些部分的准确性D.addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussionD.在科学讨论中加入哲学元素【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】定位第四段最后一句“亚里士多德和他的有影响力的追随者普遍拒绝接受惯性定律，这成为物理学发展的一个障碍（anobstacletothedevelopmentofphysics），持续了两千年”，由obstacle可知，亚里士多德和他的追随者对惯性定律的普遍拒绝阻碍了物理学的发展，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项在这一段没有讨论到德谟克利特理论准确性，属于无中生有；D选项在该处没有体现，也属于无中生有。28.【选项释义】28.ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that______.28.从第6段的德谟克利特将灵魂包含在他的物质宇宙理论中可以推断出______。A.philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefieldsA.哲学、宗教和科学并不总是被认为是独立的领域B.scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheoriesB.科学家们在提出哲学理论方面常常不成功C.hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsoundC.他的思路基本上是不正确的D.hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotleD.他试图用亚里士多德的思想来思考【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位到第六段“他认为灵魂是呼吸，因为呼吸是物质的，因此由原子构成，所以灵魂也必然是这样。他坚持认为，因为灵魂是物理的东西，它必须由物理定律决定，它不可能是自由的。”，可知，德谟克利特认为灵魂是呼吸，而呼吸是由原子构成的物质，所以灵魂也是由原子构成的物质，属于物理，由物理定律决定。综上所述，从德谟克利特的这个观点我们可以推断，哲学和物理是相互依存的，故A项符合题意。【干扰项排除】B、C选项定位至第六段第一句“德谟克利特关于第五点的判断是对还是错，直到今天还没有定论”，可知，德谟克利特关于灵魂的观点直到今天还不知道是否正确，所以这两项无从推敲，属于曲解原文；D选项没有提及，属于无中生有。29.【选项释义】29.Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?29.德谟克利特很可能相信下列哪一项可以解释一朵花的生命周期？A.Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot.A.一种独特的物质被吸引到真空中的某一点并扎根。B.Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower.B.原子的不断运动产生了花朵的错觉。C.Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants.C.构成灵魂的物质同样也将生命吸入植物。D.Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies.D.花朵生长时原子聚集在一起，死亡时原子分散。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位第一段第二句“德谟克利特认为，每一个物质事物都是由有限数量的离散粒子组成的，他称之为原子，这些粒子的结合和随后的分离解释了事物的产生和消逝”，可知，德谟克利特认为物体的产生和消逝和原子的聚集和分散有关，D项符合这一理论，该项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项都不符合德谟克利特关于原子的观点，属于曲解原文。30.【选项释义】30.Whichismotanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?30.下列哪一种观点与第6段中勇敢的思想家关于灵魂的观点类似？A.Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels.A.政治家使用公共交通工具的习惯，因为他所在城市的每个人都是这样出行的。B.Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatient’shealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday.B.医生建议他的病人戒烟，以改善病人的健康，而医生每天抽一包烟。C.Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild.C.一位母亲每天带她的女儿去练芭蕾舞，因为她小时候从来没有这样的机会。D.Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit.D.一个博物馆馆长决定不举办展览，因为他认为公众不会喜欢它。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】定位到第六段最后两句“即使是那些声称接受这一理论的勇敢的思想家们，也没有现得好像他们接受了这一理论。他们可能会否认别人天生的自由，但他们表现得好像相信自己的自由。”，由此可知，声称接受了灵魂不是自由的观点的勇敢的思想家们，在行动上并没有表现得他们接受这一个理论，他们一边接受别人没有天生自由，一边却相信自己的自由，这和B项是一样的，所以B项是正确的。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合这一观点，属于曲解原文。4.单选题Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality.Thismeanshewillbeabletomendafuse.Beinggoodaboutthehouseistheessentialingredientofthemanageablemale.Allthesepretensionstohavinggreenfingersasanexcuseforspendingthemorninginthesunshineandtrampinginfromthegardeninmuddybootsarereallynosubstitute.Asacareerwoman,ithasalwaysbeenmydreamtobemarriedtoahandyman.Womenwhosehusbandsarerelaxedaboutrawplugsdon'tknowwhatworryis.Iwouldsleeppeacefullyatnightwithanyonewhocouldtellapairofpincersfromawirecutter.Apartfromtheblissfulconvenience;Icouldreallyatlastbegintoliveitup.IfyouareburiedinthedepthsofthecountryasIliketobewheneverIcan,itcostsyouafiverjusttohaveaboltputonthesheddoorortobribethenearestplumbertocomeandlookatadrippingtap.IcalculateIcouldhaveatriptotheSolomonIslandseveryyearoutofthemoneywewillsaveonthewashersmynewdo-it-yourselfparagonwillwhiponandoffourtaps.Mynexthusbandwillnotsayeverytime.Igetoutthetravelbrochures:"IdoloveEnglandinthelatesummer;don'tyouthinkitwouldbenicetoholidayathome?Thegardenisatitsbestthen".Iknowwhatthatmeans:stayinguphalfthenightcuttinguphisglutofrunnerbeansforthedeepfreeze.Beingahandyman,hewould,ofcourse,beanexpertcook.Itwouldbehewhowouldrustleupanomeletteatmidnightafteraheavyday.Andhewouldnotbelievethateverycookingutensilinsightwasexpendable.Iwouldneveragainhavetocursethefriendwhooncetoldusthattheonlywaytodosteakwasinatotallydry,red-hotfrying-pan,Ilikecharcoaledsteakasmuchasanyone,butitcomesexpensivewhenitmeanscharcoalingtheentirekitchentoo.IshallrelinquishwithoutregrettherecordIatpresentholdofbeingmarriedtotheonlymaninBritainwhohasevermanagedtoburnaboiledegg.AfterlongandmatureconsiderationIhavecometotheconclusionthatthenextmanImarryWillbeahairdresser.Anyhusbandwhocannotback-combhiswife'shairisnotworthhissalt.ThiswillmeanthatIwillbeabletogointoeveryseriousT.V.discussioncompletelylight-heartedly.Itwon'tmatteradamnwhatItalkabout.Myfriendswillallringuptoremark:"SawyouonT.V.lastnight,Yourhairdidlooknice".1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthor'spresenthusband（）2.Bygivingtheexampleofherhusband'scookingsteak,theauthortriestoprovehis（）3.Theword"glut"inParagraph5canbereplacedby（）4.Accordingtotheauthorhavinggreenfingerssometimes（）5.Thetoneofthephrase"Afterlongandmatureconsideration"inthelastparagraphcanbeidentifiedas（）问题1选项A.hasanimpetuoustemperB.isacoldfishC.isnotaveryconsideratepersonD.isuxorious问题2选项A.frugalityB.temperanceC.hisaptitudeD.ineptitude问题3选项A.exuberanceB.excessC.myriadD.flamboyance问题4选项A.canproduceembarrassingglutsB.makesgardenerspulltheirweightinthehouseC.makesgardenersrunamokinthehouseD.enablesgardenerstokeepthehousecleanandtidy问题5选项A.arrogantB.ironicalC.flippantD.patronizing【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:文章第一段Mynexthusbandwilldefinitelybehen-pecked.Everyonelaughablyassumesmypresentoneis,soImayaswellhavetheadvantageofexchangingillusionforreality提到我的下任丈夫必须是一个妻管严。每个人都认为我现在的丈夫就是一个妻管严，所以我想让这个幻想变成现实。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不是一个妻管严，不够体贴。选项C符合题意。第2题:文章第六段最后一句IshallrelinquishwithoutregrettherecordIatpresentholdofbeingmarriedtotheonlymaninBritainwhohasevermanagedtoburnaboiledegg提到作者会毫不犹豫放弃目前创造的：嫁给了英国唯一一个试图烧烤煮熟的鸡蛋的人。由此可知，作者的丈夫并不擅长烹饪，没有烹饪的天赋。选项Dineptitude“愚笨”符合题意。第3题:文章第五段最后一句Iknowwhatthatmeans:stayinguphalfthenightcuttinguphisglutofrunnerbeansforthedeepfreeze提到熬夜割除多余的红花菜豆，然后冷藏。glut是“过多”的意思。选项B符合题意。Exuberance“茂盛”；excess“过多，过量”；myriad“无数”；flamboyance“华丽”。第4题:文章第二段提到丈夫借口精通园艺，经常穿着脏兮兮的靴子，有时也会令人窘迫，所以选项A符合题意。第5题:文章作者希望自己下任丈夫是个妻管严，接着还希望丈夫会干家务、会修理，最后决定要嫁给一个理发师，这些都是为了讽刺现实。选项B符合题意。5.单选题Bythe1980’s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedinconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutseven(1)tenadultsintheworldwereconsidered(2).Theincreaseinliteracyfromancient(3)tothepresenthasnotbeenastoryofunbrokenprogress.Theabilityofpeoplewithinagiven(4)toreadandwrite(5)influencedbyanumberof(6),including(7)well-being,the(8)ofmaterial(9),theamountofeducationavailable,andthebasicmatteroftheusefulnessofreading.(10)thosefactors,usefulnesshasprobablybeenthemost(11).Inancientsocieties,aspeople(12)intostablepatternsofagricultureandtrade,itbecameusefulforsomeofthemtoreadandwriteinordertokeep(13),to(14)business,andto(15)amountsofland,animals,goods,materials,andproducts.Sincealleconomicaspectsofasocietywereclosely(16)totheoperationofthegovernment,literacybecameusefulandeven(17)forthekeepingofrecordsbyofficials.TheresponsibilitiesofcitizenshipledtoafairlyhighlevelofliteracyinancientGreeceandRome,butinadditiontothat,therealsogrewanappreciationofgoodliterature,poetry,drama,history,andphilosophy.DuringtheearlyMiddleAges,withthegeneral(18)ofsocietyinEuropeandthedecreaseofcommerce,literacybecamelargelyconfined(19)thechurch.Butinthe(20)MiddleAges,intheperiodofRenaissance,thegreatexpansionofcommerceandbankingledtoarevivalinliteracyforthesamereasonthathadcausedittoincreaseintheancientworldusefulness.问题1选项A.outofB.outC.ofD.in问题2选项A.literateB.literacyC.literatureD.literary问题3选项A.timeB.timesC.dayD.days问题4选项A.societyB.societiesC.groupD.groups问题5选项A.isB.hasbeenC.wasD.tobe问题6选项A.factorsB.factorC.reasonD.reasons问题7选项A.economicB.economicalC.economicsD.economy问题8选项A.reachingB.acquisitionC.availabilityD.getting问题9选项A.readingB.readC.toreadD.readings问题10选项A.OnB.OfC.InD.During问题11选项A.decideB.decisionC.decidingD.decisive问题12选项A.setB.seatedC.settledD.said问题13选项A.recordB.recordsC.diaryD.diaries问题14选项A.doB.makeC.involveD.transact问题15选项A.decideB.measureC.seeD.feel问题16选项A.tiedB.triedC.tiredD.ties问题17选项A.necessarilyB.necessityC.necessaryD.need问题18选项A.breakthroughB.breakoffC.breakoutD.breakdown问题19选项A.toB.inC.withinD.with问题20选项A.fromB.lateC.laterD.former【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】A.outof由于，在……外B.out出现，向外C.of……的D.in在……里面【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】空格前后为基数词，可知“数字+outof+数字”表示“几分之几/几个中的几个”，所以这里填A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不能与其搭配。【句意】大约十分之七的成年人。2.【选项释义】A.literate受过教育的B.literacy读写能力C.literature文学D.literary文学的【考查点】关键词同义转换。【解题思路】根据前半句中的关键词literacy可知，此处要填入关键词literacy的形容词形式，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句子语义和语法。【句意】到20世纪80年代，根据国际上对读写能力的定义，但公认的是不一致的，世界上大约十分之七的成年人被认为是受过教育的。3.【选项释义】A.time时间B.times倍数，时代C.day一天D.days每天（复数）【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由from…to…以及to后面的present可知，这里是表示时间，ancient通常和times搭配，所以B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合搭配。【句意】从古至今，文化水平的提高并不是一个持续不断的进步。4.【选项释义】A.society社会B.societies社会（复数）C.group群体，组D.groups群体，组（复数）【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由不定冠词a可知，空格处要填入一个单数名词，而根据Theabilityofpeople…toreadandwrite…influenced（人们读写能力被影响）可知，空格处填入A项合适。【干扰项排除】B、D选项不符合语法用法；C选项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】在一个特定的社会中。5.【选项释义】A.is一般现在时B.hasbeen现在完成时C.was一般过去时D.tobe不定式【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】根据上文的时间标志fromancienttimestothepresent（从古至今）可知，此空格要用现在完成时态，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合时态语法。【句意】在一个特定的社会中，人们的读写能力受到了影响。6.【选项释义】A.factors因素（复数）B.factor因素C.reason理由D.reasons理由（复数）【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】由including可知，后面的内容是包括在该空格内的，那么由后面的内容“福利、材料、教育等”可知，这里表示的是“影响读写能力的因素”，所以A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项为单数形式，不符合语法；C、D选项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】在一个特定的社会中，人们阅读和写作的能力受到一些因素的影响。7.【选项释义】A.economic经济的B.economical节约的C.economics经济学D.economy经济制度【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由被修饰词well-being（福利）可知，修饰词用economic符合，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】经济福利。8.【选项释义】A.reaching达到B.acquisition获得C.availability可用性，可效性D.getting得到【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由被修饰词ofmaterial（材料的）可知，修饰词用availability符合，theavailabilityof表示“……的可用性”，故C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】可用的材料。9.【选项释义】A.reading读B.read读C.toread去读D.readings读物【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】根据选项，material和read之间是表示目的，所以C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句子语义。【句意】可供阅读的材料。10.【选项释义】A.On在……上B.Of……的C.In在……里面D.During在……期间【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】空格部分修饰的是usefulness，上一段最后一句中usefulness是包括在factors里面的，所以应该用表示所属关系的介词of，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合所属关系。【句意】在这些因素中。11.【选项释义】A.decide决定（动词）B.decision决定（名词）C.deciding决定（现在分词）D.decisive决定性的（形容词）【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由空格处前面的themost可知，空格处只能填入形容词，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合语法。【句意】在这些因素中，有用性可能是最具决定性的。12.【选项释义】A.set设置B.seated就座C.settled安排，定居D.said据说【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】由从句中的宾语stablepatternsofagricultureandtrade（稳定的农业和贸易模式）可知，settleinto（习惯于）符合句子语义，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】在古代社会，当人们开始稳定的农业和贸易模式时。13.【选项释义】A.record记录B.records记录（复数）C.diary日记D.diaries日记（复数）【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上半句提到了trade，这是和商业相关的，并且空格部分的并列成分中