临沂大学英语语言学期末考试试卷级参考答案

英语语言学2021年12月期末考试试卷(1)一、单选(共20题，40分)1、Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperforminga.A、PerlocutionaryactB、LocutionaryactC、IllocutionaryactD、Noneoftheabove正确答案：c解析：考察言外行为-达说话者的真实意图2、belongstotheclosed-classwords.A、CanB、TableC、GoD、means解析：考铝词汇的分类3、ThestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedbytheSwisslinguistinthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.A、SaussureB、ChomskyC、HallidayD、Fillmore正确答案：A解析：考彖结构主义学派的代表人物4、Thetwowordspetrolandgasolineare.—A、dialectalsynonymsB、stylisticsynonymsC、synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaningD、collocativesynonyms正确答案：A5、SpeechActTheorywasfirstproposedby.A、JohnAustinB、JaneAustinC、JohnSearleD、JohnFirth正耐A解析：考“言语行为理论的首倡者6、InEnglish,ifawordbeginswitha[1]ora[r],thenthenextsoundmustbeavowel.Thisisa.A、SequentialruleB、AssimilationruleC、DeletionruleD、Grammarrule12>Therelationbetweendogandanimalisthatof.A、hyponymyB、homonymyC、antonymyD、synonymy正确答案：A解析：考察上下义关系13、Theborrowingofsomefeaturesfromabasiclevelcategoryandapplyingofthemtothesuperordinateleveliscalled.A、interactivecategorizationB、compositecategorizationC、characteristiccategorizationD、parasiticalcategorization正确答案.D解析：考箱范畴的层次14、means1anguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.A、DualityB、DisplacementC、ContextD、ArbitrarinessTF确答案•R解析：考彖语言区别性特征15、Whichpairofthefollowingantonymsdoesnotbelongtogradableantonyms?A、Long,shortB、Good,badC、Hit,missD、Small,big正确答案：C解析：考察等级反义词-具有程度差别;C为互补反义词(complementaryantonyms)-一组反义词完全瓜分语义场，肯定一方即为否定另一方，否定一方也为肯定另一方16、Oncethenotionofcontextwastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledoverinto.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、morphologyD、Syntax正确答案：B解析：考察语义和语用的联系与差异17、referstoamixingoftwocodesorlanguages,usuallywithoutachangeoftopic.Itcaninvolvevariouslevelsoflanguage,e.g.phonology,morphology,grammaticalstructuresorlexicalitem.A、codemixingB、restrictedcodeC、codeswitchingD、elaboratedcode正确答案：A解析：考察语码混合18、()aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A、LinguisticsB、PhoneticsC、PhonologyD、Articulatoryphonetics正确答案：C19、FourcategoriesofMaximsinGrice'sCooperativePrincipleincludeal1thefollowingEXCEPT.A、mannerB、relationC、cancellabilityD、quality正确答案：c解析：考察合作原则的四个准则20、Thenatureoflanguageexplainsthesymbolicnatureoflanguage:wordsarejustsymbols;theyareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideas,etc.byconvention.A、dualityB、arbitraryC、productiveD、displacement正确答案：B解析：考察语言的任意性特征,语言符号与客观世界之间的管理是由人类约定俗成建立的，二者之间没有必然的逻辑联系二、填空题(共20题，40分)1、Amaybedefinedastherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclassesthatstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanother,shallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategory.正确答案：第1空:Agreement解析：考察一致定义2、Nisagrammaticalcategoryusedfortheanalysisofwordclassesdisplayingsuchcontrastsassingular,dual,plural,etc.Itisalsoreflectedintheinflectionsofpronounsandverbs.正确答案：第1空:Number解析：考察数定义3、Cisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalargerlinguisticunit.正确答案：第1空:Constituent解析：考察成分定义4、isusedtorepresentedtheconstituentstructureofagrammaticalunit.正确答案：第1空:Treediagram解析：考察树状图的用法5、Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[d],[t],[s],[z],[n]sharethefeatureofa.正确答案：第1空:alveolar解析：考察齿龈音6、Bya,waymeanthattheformsoflanguagesignshavenonaturalrelationshipwiththeirmeaning.正确答案：第1空:arbitrariness解析：考察语言区别性特征7、Tfonestudieshowacertainsentencecomesintobeing,namely,howwordscombinetoformthesentence,thepersoniscarryingoutsstudies.正确答案：第1空:syntactic解析：考察句法学研究对象8、Iisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.正确答案：第1空:Idiolect解析：考察个人方言9、Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthesstudyoflanguage.正确答案：第1空:scientific解析：考察语言学定义10、Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythesandthehearer.正确答案：第1空:speaker解析：考察语境要素。11>ForeignlanguagelearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirLIknowledgeinlearningtheforeignlanguageandthisiscalledlanguaget.正确答案：第1空:transfer解析：考察母语对目标语的影响，即迁移12>Thesentence"IvetoH-U-M-B-E-R-G-E-Rwviolatesthemaximsofm—.正确答案：第1空:manner解析：考察方式准则-要避免晦涩13、Theopensyllablereferstothesyllablethathasnoc.正确答案：第1空:coda解析：考察开音节■没有尾音14、Syntacticrelationscontainthreebasictypes,theyarepositionalrelation,relationofsubstitutabilityand.正确答案：第1空：relationofco-occurrence15、ThefollowingstatementaThereismixtureofthetigerandtheapeinthecharacterofaFrenchman"isanexampleofs.正确答案：第1空:synecdoche解析：考察提喻16、Intermsofm,wordscanbedividedintoclosed-classwordsandopen-classwords.正确答案：第1空:membership解析：考察封闭词类和开放词类，就数量而言17、Chomskyfollowsrinphilosophyandmentalisminpsychology.正确答案：第1空:relationalism解析：考察乔姆斯基研究哲学采取18、M_isaunitthatcannotbedividedintosmallerunitswithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetheritislexicalorgrammatical.正确答案：第1空:morpheme解析：考察语素定义19、Thewordtablehasatleastthesixmeaningssuchas"apieceoffurniture",allthepeopleseatedatatable",etc.Itcanbecalledp_.正确答案：第1空:polysemy解析：考察一词多义20、Positionalrelation,or,referstothesequentialarrangementofwordsinalanguage.正确答案：第1空:wordorder解析：考察位置关系，又叫词序三、判断题(共10题，20分)1、Evenifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itisstillasentence.正确答案：错误2^Thesuperficialarrangementofwordsinalinearsequenceindicatesthatsentencesaresimplylinearlystructured.正确答案：错误解析：线i生排列衫表现了句子成分之间的线性关系，但并不意味着句子成分之间仅仅只有线性关系。3^"Thedogisbarking."Isasentenceoranutterancedependsonhowwelookatitandhowwearegoingtoanalyzeit.()正确答案：正确4、Byduality,wemeanthatlanguageishierarchical.正确答案：正确解析：考察语言区别性特征5、AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinChaucer,stimewouldbeadiachronicstudy.正确答案：错误解析：考察语言学区别性概念，研究某一时期的语言属于共时(synchronic)o6、Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditsmatrixclauseisoneofawholetoapart.正确答案：错误解析：考察句法结构,embeddedclause从句,matrixclause主句。7、PositionalRelation,orWordOrder,referstothesequentialarrangementofwordsinalanguage.正确答案：正确8、Saussure'snotionofparoleistosomedegreeanalogoustoChomsky'snotionofcompetence.正确答案：错误解析：parole指使用中的言语，与乔姆斯基提出的performance语言表现相当9、Theoptimumagefortheacquisitionofthefirstlanguagecoincideswiththeperiodofbrainlateralization.正确答案：正确解析：考察最佳年龄10>Iftwospeakerssay,respectively"Idoneitlastnight"and"Ididitlastnight",wecansaythattheyarespeakingtwodifferentdialects.正确答案；正确解析：考察方言英语语言学2021年12月期末考试试卷(3)一、单选题(共20题，40分)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1、AllthefollowingbelongtoaffricatesEXCEPT.A、/ts/B、/I/C、/tr/D、/d/正确答案：B解析：考察塞擦音,/1/为边音2^whichofthefollowingsdoesNOTbelongtodialectal-varieties?A、DiglossiaB、RegionaldialectC、IdiolectD、Sociolect正耐A解析：考察语言变体，包括社会方言，地域方言，个人方言,双语现象不属于语言变体3、ThestructuralapproachtotheanalysisoflanguagewasstartedbytheSwisslinguistinthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.A、SaussureB、ChomskyC、HallidayD、Fillmore正确答案：a解析：考察结构主义学派的代表人物4^InEnglish,ifawordbeginswitha[1]ora[r],thenthenextsoundmustbeavowel.Thisisa.A、SequentialruleB、AssimilationruleC、DeletionruleD、Grammarrule正确答案：a解析：考察序列规则-英语语音响亮程度依次为:元音，无擦通音，鼻音，摩擦音，爆破音。一个音节的响亮顺序应该是先上升，元音处升到最高，然后下降。[1]与[r]为无擦通音,处于词的开头，后面只能跟一个元音。5、belongstotheclosed-classwords.A、CanB、TableC、GoD、means正确答案：A6、Today,thegrammartaughttolearnersofalanguageisbasicallyA、prescriptiveB、descriptiveC、BothAandBD、Neitherofthetwo正确答案：A解析：考察语言学区别性概念7、Thechildrenknowthetaboowords,thepoliteformsofaddressduring.A、PragmaticdevelopmentB、AtypicaldevelopmentC^GrammaticaldevelopmentD、Vocabularydevelopment正确答案.A解析：考彖语用学发展阶段8、Ifyouconstantlyrepeatsomethingtootherswhennotnecessary,youhaveviolatedthemaximof.A、mannerB、qualityC、quantityD、relation正a解析：考“合作原则，重复导致说话方式不清晰，违背了方式准则。9、Inthewordinternational,nationalis.A、suffixB、arootC、astemD、aprefix正确答案：C10、OfthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothethreesub-typesofantonymy.A、gradableantonymyB、onverseantonymyC、complementaryantonymyD、completeantonymyTP湖d解析：考察反义词，分级/对立/互补反义词三大类11>Asthetermsuggests,psycholinguisticsisviewedastheintersectionofA、psychologyandphonologyB、psychologyandlinguisticsC、linguisticsandbiologyD、psychologyandbiologyif确答案.R解析：考“心理语言学定义12>SomeChineselearnersofEnglishtendtopronounce"three"as"tree"and"this"as"dis”.Thisiscausedby.A、IntralingualinterferenceB、CognitivefactorsC^SemanticchangeD、Interlingualinterference正确答案：D解析：考察母语影响13>Thewordskid,child,offspringareexampleof.A、EmotivesynonymsB、StylisticsynonymsC、DialectalsynonymsD、Collocationalsynonyms正确答案：B解析：考察文体近义词-kid(informal):child(neutral);offspring(formal)14、AccordingtoLakoffandJohnson,"Hisgreedinessbegantoballoonquickly"representsa.A、ConceptualmetaphorB、OntologicalmetaphorC、OrientationalmetaphorD、StructuralmetaphorTF确答案•R解析：考赢急喻的三种类别15、Thestudyoflanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa.A、historicalB、synchronicC、descriptiveD、diachronic正确答案：d解析：考察语言学区别性概念16、Whatcriteriaareusedfortheclassificationofvowels?A、Thepositionofthetongueinthemouth-front,central,back;B、Theopennessofthemouth-close,semi-open,open;C、Theshapeofthelips-rounded,unrounded;D、Thelengthofthevowels-long,short.正确答案：A解析：考察元音的分类17、isNOTincludedinFirth'sfamousContextofSituationtheory.A、Thenon-verbalactionoftheparticipantsB、ThepropertiesofthephonematicunitsC、TherelevantobjectsD、Theeffectsoftheverbalaction正确答案：B解析：考察语境要素18、()aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A、LinguisticsB、PhoneticsC、PhonologyD、Articulatoryphonetics正确答案：C19、AccordingtoLakoffandJohnson,"Hisgreedinessbegantoballoonquickly"representsa.A、ConceptualmetaphorB、OntologicalmetaphorC、OrientationalmetaphorD、StructuralmetaphorTF确答案•R解析：考羸急喻的三种类别20、Whenaspeakerexpresseshisintentionofspeaking,suchasaskingsomeonetoopenthewindow,heisperforminga.A、PerlocutionaryactB、LocutionaryactC、IllocutionaryactD、Noneoftheabove正确答案：c解析：考察言外行为-表达说话者的真实意图二、填空题(共20题，40分)1、Dfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.正确答案：第1空:Design/distinctive解析：考察语言的定义行特征概念2、Nisagrammaticalcategoryusedfortheanalysisofwordclassesdisplayingsuchcontrastsassingular,dual,plural,etc.Itisalsoreflectedintheinflectionsofpronounsandverbs.正确答案：第1空:Number解析：考察数定义3、C―insomeapproachesreferstoclassedandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,e.g.noun,verb,subject,predicate,nounphrase,verbphrase,etc.Morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofthesegeneralunits:thecategoriesofthenoun.Forexample,includenumber,gender,caseandcountability;andoftheverb,forexample,tense,aspect,voice,etc.正确答案：第1空:Category解析：考察范畴定义4、Inflectionisthemanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipsthroughtheadditionofinflectionalaffixes,suchasn,f,andc.正确答案：第1$:number;finiteness;case/comparativedegree解析：考察屈折关系，包括数量/限定性/格/级等语法关系。5、Thertheoryofmeaningrelatesthemeaningofawordtotherealworld.正确答案：第1空:referential解析：考察指称论定义,指称论认为语言的意义即语言形式与客观世界之间的直接关联性。6、Languageisvbecausetheprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,nomatterhowdevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.正确答案：第1空：vocal7、Languageisasystemofarbitraryvsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.正确答案：第1空:vocal解析：考察语言定义8、Languageisasystemofarbitraryvsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.正确答案：第1空:vocal解析：考察语言定义9、MisthebasicunitofinthestudyofMorphology.正确答案：第1空:morpheme解析：考察形态学研究对象,即语素10、Bisaphenomenonthatinsomespeechcommunitiestwolanguagesexistsidebysidewitheachhavingadifferentroletoplay;andlanguageswitchingoccurswhenthesituationchanges.正确答案：a解析：考察序列规则-英语语音响亮程度依次为:元音，无擦通音，鼻音，摩擦音，爆破音。一个音节的响亮顺序应该是先上升，元音处升到最高，然后下降。［1］与［r］为无擦通音,处于词的开头，后面只能跟一个元音。7、belongstotheclosed-classwords.A、CanB、TableC、GoD、means正确答案：A8、Theshootingofthemanwasterriblemeans.A、Theman'sshootingskillwasverypoorB、It'sterriblethatthemanwasshotC、ThemanwasterriblyshotD、BothAandB正确答案：D解析：考察歧义,shooting射击/打击/击中。9、SpeechActTheorywasfirstproposedby.AnJohnAustinB、JaneAustinC、JohnSearleD、JohnFirth正耐A解析：考察言语行为理论的首倡者10>Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits.A、useofwordsB、useofstructuresC、accentD、morphemes正确答案：C解析：考察地域方言11>Thewordhoundoriginallymeant"dog",butnowitmeans“aspecialkindofdog".Thisisanexampleof.A、NarrowingofmeaningB、LossofmeaningC、MeaningshiftD、Wideningofmeaning正确答案：A解析：考察词义缩小12、Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/arethemostflexible.A、mouth正确答案：第1空:Bilingualism解析：考察双语现象11>Chomskyfollowsrinphilosophyandmentalisminpsychology.正确答案：第1空:rclationalism解析：考察乔姆斯基研究哲学采取方法12、Iisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.正确答案：第1空:Idiolect解析：考察个人方言13>Gdisplayssuchcontrastsasumasculine:feminine:neuter,aanimate:inanimate",etc.foranalysisofwordclasses.正确答案：第1空:Gender解析：考察性定义14、Intheworduinternational,therootisn.正确答案：第1空:nation解析：考察词根15、Pragmaticsisgenerallythestudyofnaturallanguageunderstanding,andspecificallythestudyofhowcinfluencestheinterpretationofmeanings.正确答案：第1空:context解析：考察语用学的重点-语境16、Morphemesmaybeclassifiedasborfree.正确答案：第1空:bound解析：考察词素分类：自由词素/黏着词素17、Inthewordinternationalff,therootisn.正确答案：第1空:nation解析：考察词根18>Bya,waymeanthattheformsoflanguagesignshavenonaturalrelationshipwiththeirmeaning.正确答案：第1空：arbitrariness解析：考察语言区别性特征19>Preferstothesoundwhichiscapableofdistinguishingonewordoroneshapeofwordfromanotherinagivenlanguage.正确答案：第1空:phoneme解析：考察音位的作用-区别意义20、Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa(an)u.正确答案：第1空:utterance解析：考察话语内涵三、判断题(共10题，20分)1、“Thedogisbarking."Isasentenceoranutterancedependsonhowwelookatitandhowwearegoingtoanalyzeit.()正确答案：正确2、Intheword"suitable",-ableisainflectionalmorphemeratherthanaderivationalmorpheme.正确答案：错误解析：考琴派生词缀和屈折词缀,派生词缀改变词义,-able改变词义，不是语法意义上的标记，故为derivationalmorpheme3、Syllable,stress,tone,phonemeareal1theprincipalsuprascgmcntalfeatures.正确答案：错误解析：考察超音段特征，主要包括:syllable,stress,toneandintonation。4、Performativefunctionoflanguageisprimarilytomaintainsocialstatusofpeople.正确答案：错误解析：考察语言功能,interpersonalfunction体现社会功能,performativefunction用以改变人的社会地位。5、Locutionaryact,perlocutionaryact,illocutionaryactandperlocutionaryactaretheprinciplesofSpeechActTheory.正确答案：错误解析：考察言语行为理论-不包括perlocutionaryact6、Thestandardlanguageandthenonstandardlanguagearebothsocially-prestigious.正确答案：错误解析：标福语言享有较高的社会声誉，因而用于大众媒介和教育等正式场合。但,不管是标准语言还是非标准语言，从语言层面而言，都没有好坏之分。7^Asoneofthecentraltopicsinpsycholinguistics,languageacquisitionconcernshowachildacquiresthelanguageskillsandhowtheyextendtootherlanguages.正确答案：正确解析：考察语言习得8、Allthefollowingarethedescriptionsof/b/:bilabial,fricative,stop,voiced.正确答案：错误解析：fricative(摩擦音)是气流部分受阻，被迫在口腔狭窄细缝间通过,在某一点引起摩擦而形成的音,/b/不属于摩擦音。9、ManywordsthatwerepopularamongMiddleEnglishspeakershavelosttheirModernusers.Forexample,ShakespeareJsRomeoandJulietcontainsuchwordsasbeseem,wotandgyve.正确答案：正确解析：考察语言的变化。10、Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive.正确答案：错误解析：考察语言学区别性概念B、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords正确答案：C13、Theheadofthephrase"thecityRome"is.A、thecityB、RomeC、cityD、thecityRome正确答案：D解析：考察离心结构14、Oncethenotionofcontextwastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspilledoverinto.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、morphologyD、Syntax正确答案：b解析：考察语义和语用的联系与差异15、In“JohngiveMaryabook",giveisa-placepredict.A、oneB、twoC、threeD、Four正确答案：C解析：考“述位结构的论元，论元即动作的逻辑参与者，这里有三个论元参与了动作give,因而是三位。16、Inthewordinternational,nationalis.A、suffixB、arootC、astemD、aprefix正确答案：C解析：考察词干和词根差异，去掉曲折词缀后剩下的部分即为词干，词干大于或者等于词根17>Whichofthefollowingisanendocentriccompound?A、PlayboyB、Self-controlC、RunawayD、Breakthrough正确答案：B解析：考察向心复合词-具有一个意义上的中心词(e.g.self-control,pain-kiHer,bullet-resistant)0区别于离心复合词(exocentriccompound)一没有意义上的中心词(e.g.playboy,runaway,breakthrough)18>Thewordswithmoreorlessthesamemeaningusedindifferentregionaldialectsarecalled.AnDialectalsynonymsB、CollocationalsynonymsC、StylisticsynonymsD、Complementaryantonyms正确答案：A解析：考察地域同义词19>Thetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeofsituationiscalled.A、registerB、dialectC^slangD、variety正确答案：A解析：考察语域-人们在某一特定场合交流时,需要使用一定的词汇，语调，句法结构等。20、FourcategoriesofMaximsinGrice'sCooperativePrincipleincludeal1thefollowingEXCEPT.A、mannerB、relationC、cancellabilityD、quality正确答案：c解析：考察合作原则的四个准则二、填空题（共20题，40分）1、Pusuallystudiesthepsychologicalstatesandmentalactivityassociatedwiththeuseoflanguage.正确答案：第1空:psycholinguistics解析：考察心理语言学定义2、Amaybedefinedastherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclassesthatstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanother,shallalsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategory.正确答案：第1空:Agreement解析：考察一致定义3、Paresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andarenotvariable.正确答案：第1performative解析：考察施为句概念4、Threebasictypesofsyntacticrelations:positionalrelation,,relationofco-occurrence.正确答案：第1空:relationofsubstitutability解析：考察替代关系定义5、Amaybedefinedastherequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsofspecificwordclassesthatstandinspecificsyntacticrelationshipwithoneanother,shal1alsobecharacterizedbythesameparadigmaticallymarkedcategory.正确答案：第1空:Agreement解析：考察一致定义6、Ifonestudieshowacertainsentencecomesintobeing,namely,howwordscombinetoformthesentence,thepersoniscarryingoutsstudies.正确答案：第1空:syntactic解析：考察句法学研究对象7、Sreferstoanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.Itcanbeequivalenttoaroot,orarootandaderivationalaffix.正确答案：第1空:stem解析：考察词干8、Cisusedintheanalysisofwordclassestoidentifythesyntacticrelationshipbetweenwordsinasentence.正确答案：第1空:Case解析：考察格定义9、Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedorsubordinateclauseisnormallycalledaneclause.正确答案：第1空:embedded解析：考察嵌套句10、“Semanticsisthescientificstudyofmeaning"isat.正确答案：第1空:tautology解析：考察同义反复11、Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudieslanguageinscontexts.正确答案：第1空:social解析：考察社会语言学定义。12>Aisthenameforoppositenessrelation,whichincludesthreemainsub-types.正确答案：第1空:antonymy解析：考察反义关系13>MisthebasicunitofinthestudyofMorphology.正确答案：第1空：morphemeConverse解析：考察语素概念考察三种反义词特征,converseantonym相反/关系反义词,以彼此的存在为前提orsubordinateclause14、Inthecomplexsentence,theincorporatedisnormallycalledaneclause.正确答案：第1空:embeddedviolatesthemaximsof解析：考察嵌套句15、Thesentence“IvetoH-U-M-B-E-R-G-E-Rnm.正确答案：第1空:manner解析：考察方式准则-要避免晦涩ofword-formationwhereaffixfromalonger16、Back-formationreferstoanabnormaltypeashorterwordisderivedbydeletinga(an)iformalreadyinthelanguage.正确答案：第1空：imaged解析：考察逆构词法17、Chomskyfollowsrinphilosophyandmentalisminpsychology.正确答案：第1空:relationalism解析：考察乔姆斯基研究哲学采取方法18、Predicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:argumentsandp.正确答案：第1空:predicate解析：考察述谓19、Bycreativitywithmelanguageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualityanditsr.正确答案：第1recursiveness解析：考察语言区别性特征20、Gdisplayssuchcontrastsasumasculine:feminine:neuter",uanimate:inanimate",etc.foranalysisofwordclasses.正确答案：第1空:Gender解析：考察性定义三、判断题（共10题，20分）1、Evenifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itisstillasentence.正确答案：错误2、Whattheelement'es'indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement'cd'pasttense,and'ing'progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealsomorphemes.TF确答案.确解析：考“语素-最小的有意义的语言单位3、"Happinessiscolderthanme"isagrammaticalbutunacceptablesentence.正确答案：正确解析：考察句子意义，句子意义不仅需要具备语法正确性,还需具备恰当的逻辑意义。4、Pronouns,prepositions,conjunctionsandarticlesareclosed-classwords.正确答案：正确解析：考察封闭词类，即数目相对确定、有限的词,其数目不会有规律地增加。5、Implicationsareheavilydependantuponthecontextofanutterance,includingtherelationshipbetweenparticipants.正确答案：正确解析：会3含义受到语境影响，语境因素包括:人（说话人关系，说话人意图，说话人社会身份）及非人的语境因素,包括社会语境（社会背景，文化等），情景语境（交际发生的事件，地点等）。6、Morphemesarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagethatcanbeusedindependently.（）正确答案：错误解析：Boundmorphemescannotbeusedindependently.7、Thereisnoabsolutesynonymy.正确答案：正确解析：考察近义词特征，没有完全/绝对的近义词，意义相近的词也会存在差异，按照差异一般可以将近义词分为:方言近义词，文体近义词，搭配近义词等。8、Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive.正确答案：错误解析：考察语言学区别性概念9、Differencelanguagesusethesamevehicletotalkaboutaparticulartarget.正确答案：错误10、Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,onesubordinatingtheother.正确答案：正确解析：考察复杂句定义英语语言学2021年12月期末考试试卷(2)一、单选题(共20题，40分)1、Themeaningoftheword"hot"in"hotwater"isdifferentfromthatin“hotgirl",whichindicatesthatwordshave.A、ConceptualmeaningB、SocialmeaningC、AffectivemeaningD、Collocativemeaning正确答案：D解析：考察搭配意义-一个词和另一个词搭配时形成的联想表达意义2^belongstotheclosed-classwords.A、CanB、TableC、GoD、means正确答案：A3、Thelinguistic()issometimesknownasco-text.A、contextB、situationC、contextualizationD、situationofcontextTF确答案.A解析：狭义的语境-上下文语境4、Thephrase"ontheshelf"belongstoconstruction.A、endocentricB、exocentricC、subordinateD、coordinate正确答案：B解析：考察离心结构byatruckrunningbehinda5、TheagentofthesentenceSamwashitcaris.A、AcarB、SamC、atruckD、noneoftheabove正确答案：C解析：考察句子成分的施动者6、SpeechActTheorywasfirstproposedbyA、JohnAustinB、JaneAustinC、JohnSearleD、JohnFirth正确答案：A解析：考察言语行为理论的首倡者7、Today,thegrammartaughttolear