虚拟语气-课件(共51张)

Definition陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。虚拟语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1.虚拟语气的考点1、if条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、if条件句中虚拟语气的几大考点；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.（虚拟条件句）(真实条件句）If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去现在将来一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might2.Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived3.Ifhe_________，he___________thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome5.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_____mefromgoingA.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhavepreventedIf虚拟句的注意点注意点一条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语从句中有were,had,should时,可以去掉if从句倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.1.Wereit(________)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=____)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=________)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherC考题点击：(=IfitwereIfIhadIfanyoneshould1._______theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive3.______itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.willIfyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowDIfyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?考题点击：虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气。注意点二混合虚拟语气（错综条件句）常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则1：ifonly意为“要是……就好了”(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)规则2：without/butfor如果没有……，……就会规则3：otherwise/or否则，不然的话，就会……。注意点三含蓄虚拟语气3.without/butfor/构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.条件暗含在分词短语without/butfor...中１.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.２.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考题点击：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenDButforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.考题点击：Withoutyourhelp,we____suchrapidprogress.A.couldn’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldn’thavemadeD名词性从句中的虚拟句宾语从句中的虚拟语气句式一：wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如:1)与现在事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与过去事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与将来事实相反:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.句式二：在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有:一个坚持insist;两个命令order,command;三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求demand,request,require,注意：:suggest表暗示表明时insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气Heorderedthatthestudents(should)washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)haveanoperationatonce.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。1.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.3.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.4.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime2.Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible考题点击：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?A.takeB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthelibrary.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB句式四：wouldrather/prefer＋that­从句(从句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与“现在事实相反”，从句用一般过去时(2)表示愿望与“过去事实相反”，从句用过去完成时，wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：1.Itbe+过去分词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed…Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容词+that…+(should)+动词原形+…形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…+(should)+动词原形+…表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.1)表语从句:2)同位语从句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.考题点击：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triesC.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA状语从句中的虚拟语气1、用在由asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示将来用would+动词原形。（asif/asthough＋从句：从句的虚拟语气与wish后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似）Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired。【注意】asif/asthough连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.would+动词原形(将来)状语从句中的虚拟语气2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形或动词原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.考题点击：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeCC几种特殊句型中的虚拟1.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.　　　　　　　　　　2.It’s(high/low)time从句：Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。　Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.　Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.类似的结构为wouldrather从句：Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.考题点击：Itistimethatyou_________thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneoverC3.情境中提供虚拟语气Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.巩固练习1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforustolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe__ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe__amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has7._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_____something.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid9.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left10.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft11IfonlyI____ tomyparents’advice!  A.listening          B.listen                 C.amlistening     D.hadlistened12---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?   ---I____ ,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.  A.did                     B.would                  C.had                    D.wasgoingto13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer,haditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.　A.hadbeen　B.wereC.was　　D.wouldbe14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.　A.shouldfallbehind　　　　B.fellbehind　C.mayfallbehind　　　　　D.wouldfallenbehind15.Ifit_____anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.　A.hadrained　B.wouldhaverainedC.haveseen　D.rainedThelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.　　A.has　　　B.hadC.have　D.willhave17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.　A.notwent　B.won’tgoC.notgo　D.nottogo18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.　A.hadhad　B.havehadC.had　D.wouldhavehad19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbike?　A.decidedagainst　　　B.willdecideagainst　C.havedecided　　　　D.shalldecideagainst20.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?　—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.　A.had　　B.havehadC.wouldhave　　　D.hadhad21.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,he_____tothemeeting.　A.wouldcome　　　　　　　B.came　C.wouldhavecome　　　　　D.willcome　　22.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishI_____soearly.　A.didn’tleave　　　　　　B.hadn’tleft　C.haven’tleft　　　　　　D.couldn’tleave23._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.　A.Wouldheleave　　　　B.Washeleaving　C.Werehetoleave　　　D.Ifheleaves24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.　A.willtake　　B.wouldtakeC.take　　　D.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,_____atthestation.　A.we’dmeetthem　　　　　　B.we’llmeetthem　C.we’dhavemetthem　　　　D.we’vemetthem