英语四级考试真题及答案 第 套

2014年12月四级真（第1套）注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A．Thewomanisfussyaboutthecleannessoftheapartment.B．Hehasnotcleanedtheapartmentsincehismother'svisit.C．Hedoesnotrememberwhenhismothercanoeover.D．Hismotheroftenhelpshimtocleantheapartment.2.A．Thebusstopisonlytwominutes'walk.B．Thenmningmadehimshortofbreath.C．Theymightaswelltakethenextbus.D．Thewomanislatebyacoupleofminutes.3.A．Sheissufferingapaininherneck.B．SheislikelytoreplaceMissSmith.C．Shehastodoextraworkforafewdays.D．Sheisquitesickofworkingovertime.4.A．Changeherjob.B．Buyadishwasher.C．Openaflowershop.D．Startherownbusiness.5.A．Heforgotwherehehadleftthepackage.B．Heslippedonhiswaytothepostoffice.C．Hewantedtodeliverthepackagehimself.D．Hefailedtodowhathepromisedtodo.6.A．Thespeakersdonotagreewitheachother.B．Thewomandoesnotlikehorrorfilms.C．Themanpaysfortheticketsasarule.D．Thespeakershappened"tomeetinthecinema.7.A．Thewomanisjustasunluckyastheman.B．Thewomanismoresensitivethantheman.C．Thespeakersshareacommonviewonlove.D．Thespeakersareunhappywiththeirmarriage.8.A．Preparationsforaforum.B．Participantsintheforum.C．Organizersofaforum.D．Expectationsoftheforum.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A．France.B．Scandinavia.C．Russia.D．EastEurope.10.A．Morewomenwillbepromotedintheworkplace.B．Morewomenwillovercometheirinadequacies.C．Morewomenwillreceivehighereducation.D．Morewomenwillworkoutsidethefamily.11.A．Tryhardtoprotectwomen'srights.B．Educatementorespectwomenmore.C．Helpwomenacquiremoreprofessionalskills.D．Spendmoretimechangingwomen'sattitudes.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A．Inarestaurant.B．Inahotellobby.C．Attheman'soffice.D．Atthewoman'splace.13.A．Heisthechiefdesignerofthelatestbikemodel.B．Hehascompletedanoverseasmarketsurvey.C．HeistheManagingDirectorofJayalMotors.D．HehasjustcomebackfromatriptoAfrica.14.A．Toselecttherightmodel.B．Togetagoodimportagent.C．Toconvincetheboardmembers.D．Tocutdownproductioncosts.15.A．Hisflexibility.B．Hisvision.C．Hisintelligence.D．Hisdetermination.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhoar3shortpassages.Atthoendofeachpassage,youwillhoarsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethobestanswerfromthofourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.ThenmarkthocorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthocentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A．Howbeinganidenticaltwininfluencesone'sidentity.B．Whysomeidenticaltwinskeeptheiridentitiessecret.C．Whysomeidenticaltwinswereseparatedfrombirth.D．Howidenticaltwinsareborn,raisedandeducated.17.A．TheirsecondwiveswerenamedLinda.B．Theygrewupindifferentsurroundings.C．Theirfirstchildrenwerebothdaughters.D．Theybothgotmarriedwhentheywere39.18.A．Theywanttofredouttherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandbiology.B．Theywanttoseewhatcharacteristicsdistinguishonefromtheother.C．Theywanttounderstandhowtwinscommunicatewhenfarapart.D．Theywanttoknowwhethertwinscanfeeleachother'spain.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A．Itisespeciallyattractivetochildrenandtheyoung.B．ItisthefirstchoiceofvacationersontheContinent.C．Itisascomfortableaslivinginapermanenthouse.D．Itisaninexpensiveway.ofspendingaholiday.20.A．Ithasasolidplasticframe.B．Itconsistsofaninnerandanoutertent.C．Itisveryconvenienttosetup.D．ItissoldtomanyContinentalcountries.21.A．Agroundsheet.B．Agasstove.C．Akitchenextension.D．Asparetent.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A．Itcovers179square"miles.B．ItisasbigasNewYorkCity.C．Itcovers97squarekilometers.D．ItisonlyhalfthesizeofSpain.23.A．Itsgeographicfeaturesattractedmanyvisitors.B．Itscitizensenjoyedapeaceful,comfortablelife.C．Itimportedfoodfromforeigncountries.D．Itwascutofffromtherestoftheworld.24.A．Thefastdevelopmentofitsneighboringcountries.B．Theincreasinginvestmentbydevelopedcountries.C．Thebuildingofroadsconnectingitwithneighboringcountries.D．TheestablishingofdiplomaticrelationswithFranceandSpain.25.A．Theyworkontheirfarms.B．Theyworkinthetouristindustry.C．Theyraisedomesticanimals.D．Theymaketraditionalhandicrafts.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。"Don'ttakemanyEnglishcourses;theywon'thelpyougetadecentjob.""Signupformanagementclasses,soyou'llbereadytojointhefamilybusinesswhenyougraduate."Sound(26)__________?Manyofushaveheardsuggestionslikethese(27)__________byparentsorothersclosetous.Suchcommentsoftenseemquitereasonable.Why,then,shouldsuggestionslikethesebetakenwith(28)__________?Thereasonistheyrelatetodecisionsyoushouldmake.Youaretheonewhomust(29)__________theirconsequences.Oneoftheworstreasonstofollowaparticularpathinlifeisthatotherpeoplewantyouto.Decisionsthataffectyourlifeshouldbeyourdecisions--decisionsyoumakeafteryou'veconsideredvarious(30)__________andchosenthepaththatsuitsyoubest.Makingyourowndecisionsdoesnotmeanthatyoushould(31)__________thesuggestionsofothers.Forinstance,yourparentsdohavetheirownuniqueexperiencesthatmaymaketheiradvicehelpful,andhaving(32)__________inagreatdealofyourpersonalhistory,theymayhaveaclearviewofyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Still,theirviewsarenotnecessarilyaccurate.Theymaystillseeyouasachild,(33)__________careandprotection.Ortheymayseeonlyyourstrengths.Or,insomeunfortunatecases,theymay(34)__________yourflawsandshortcomings.Peoplewillalwaysbegivingyouadvice.Ultimately,though,youhavetomakeyourown(35)__________PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fordecades,AmericanshavetakenforgrantedtheUnitedStates'leadershippositioninthedevelopmentofnewtechnologies.Theinnovations(创新)thatresultedfromresearchanddevelopmentduringWorldWarⅡandafterwardswere36totheprosperityofthenationinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.Thoseinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof37societynowdepend,werepossiblebecausetheUnitedStatesthen38theworldinmathematicsandscienceeducation.Today,however,despiteincreasingdemandforworkerswithstrongskillsinmathematicsandscience,the39ofdegreesawardedinscience,math,andengineeringaredecreasing.ThedeclineindegreeproductioninwhatarecalledtheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath)seemstobe40relatedtothecomparativelyweakperformancebyU.S.schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmathandscience.Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe2005reportoftheBusiness-HigherEducationForum,22percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremedial(补习的)math41,andlessthanhalfofthestudentswhoplantomajorinscienceorengineering42completeamajorinthosefields.TheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavetheskills,43inmathematics,topoweraworkforcethatcankeepthecountryattheforefront(前沿)ofinnovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.Withthe44performanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehascomeincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestudentsearn45intheSTEMdisciplinesindevelopingcountriesthanintheUnitedStates.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A．acceleratingB．actuallyC．closelyD．contemporaryE．coursesF．criticalG．decliningH．degreesI．especiallyJ．futureK．ledL．metM．proceduresN．proportionsO．spheresSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Bansugarydrinks--thatwilladdfueltotheobesitywar[A]OnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathefilledmorethanoneseat.Hewaspaleanddisfiguredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobablywas:obesity(肥胖症)leadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacoupleoffattychildrenwithswollencheekspressingagainsttheireyes.Thesepeoplearepartofwhatiswithoutexaggerationanepidemic(流行病)ofobesity.[B]Butitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea--farfromnew--thatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronic(长期病)illhealth,andatthesametimesavetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleast￡14billionayearinEnglandandWales.Therewould,youmightthink,beconsiderablepublicinterestinit.Thissimpleideaisthatsugarisasgood--orasbad--aspoisonandshouldbeavoided.Itispure,whiteanddeadly,asProfessorJohnYudkindescribedit40yearsagoinarevolutionarybookofthatname.ThesubtitlewasHowSugarIsKillingUs.[C]Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,junkfoodandsweetdrinks,sugarleadstoaddiction(瘾),tohormonalupsetstotheappetite,tometabolic(新陈代谢的)maffunctionsandobesityandfromtheretotype2d/abetes(糖尿病)anditsmanyhorriblecomplications,ffpeoplereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokickthehabit,particularlyasBritainisthe"fatmanofEurope".Theymightevenfeeldriventosupportgovernmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff.Yetsofarthisideahasmetlittlebutresistance.[D]Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethevestedinterests(既得利益集团)linedupagainstanysugarcontrol--allthefoodanddrinkmanufacturers,processors,promotersandretailerswhomakesucheasypickingsoutofthemagicpowersofsugar.Thentherearetheliberals,withwhomIwouldnormallyside,whoprotestthatgovernmentregulationwouldbeyetanotherinstanceofinterferenceinourlives.[E]Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealisethatyoucannothaveawelfarestatewithoutanannystate(保姆国家),tosomedegree.Ifwearealltoberesponsibleforoneanother'shealthinsurance,throughsocialisedmedicine,then'weareallcloselyinvolvedinoneanother'shealth,includingeveryone'seatinganddrinking.Thathasalreadybeenadmitted,finally,withsmoking.Butithasyettobeadmittedwithovereating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050.Quiteapartfromanythingelse,obesitywillcrippletheNHS.[F]Recently,though,therehavebeensignsthatthemedicalestablishmentistryingtosoundthealarm.LastmonththeAcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges(AMRC．publishedareportsayingthatobesityisthegreatestpublichealthissueaffectingtheUKandurginggovernmenttodosomething.[G]Thereportoffers10recommendations,ofwhichthefirstisimposingataxof20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbe'anexcellentstart.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksarehorrifying,andturnstraighttofat.AsProfessorTerenceStephenson,headoftheAMRC,hassaid,sugarysoftdrinksare"theultimatebadfood.Youarejustconsumingneatsugar.Yourbodydidn'tevolvetohandlethiskindofthing."[H]Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfatorsalt(whichareverydifferent)paleintoinsignificancecomparedwiththeharmdonebysugar.Anditiseverywhere.[I]Itisdifficulttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanplain,unpreparedmeat,fishorvegetables,thatdoesn'thavealargeamountofsugarinit.Thishascomeaboutbecausetheprevailingscientificviewsofthe1960sand1970signoredtheevidenceaboutsugar,andinsteadsawfatasthereallyseriousrisk,bothtotheheartandotherorgans,aswellasthecauseofobesity.[J]Thefashionwastoavoidfat.Butfindingthatfoodwithmuchofitsfatremovedisnotveryappetising,foodproducersturnedtosugarasamagicalternativeflavourenhancer,oftenintheformsofsyrups(糖浆)thathadrecentlybeendevelopedfromcorn,andputitgenerouslyintomostpreparedfoodsandsoftdrinks.[K]Thisstuffisnotjustfattening.Itisaddictive.Itinterfereswiththebody'smetabolism,possiblyviatheactivityofanappetite-controllinghormone.There'splentyofevidenceforthis,forthosewhowillacceptthetroth.[L]Theoretically,peopleoughttomake"healthychoices"andavoidovereating.Butsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.Sothesnacking,over-drinldngandover-eatingthatmakespeoplefatisnotreallytheirownfault:obesityisinlargepartsomethingthatisbeingdonetothem.Itshouldbestopped,orratherthegovernmentshouldstopit.[M]Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstilllegaltosellallthepoisonsstackedhighontheshelves.Theproblemisthattheyareworsethanuseless.Theyarepoisonous.Theyareknowntobeaddictive.Theyareknowntomakepeopleobese.Andgivingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffakejuicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchildabuse.[N]Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.Ihatetothinkofyetmoregovernmentregulation,Butabitoftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealtheducation,abitofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines(自动售货机)hereandthere--assuggestedbytheAMRCreport--isnotgoingtoachieveverymuch.Labellingisquiteinadequate.Whatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelsofsugarysyrupsusedinfoodsanddrinks.[O]InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidthegovernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.WhynothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitandforgetaboutit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople'shealthaswellassavemedicalexpenses.47.Lawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsordrinks.48.Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse.49.Lookingaround,theauthorfoundobesityquitewidespread.50.Thenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewdecades.51.ffpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupportgovernmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.52.Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningtoimposeanadditionaltaxon.sugarydrinks.53.Thegovernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.54.Sugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandsalt.55.Consumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecausetheycannottellwhatfoodissugary.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet'stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun."MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,"SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook,TheNewDigitalAge.PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butffthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it'sthattheauthorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesinthesesweepingchanges.Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes--andmoreimportantlypredicts--howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat"technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen't."Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy(对立观点)thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they'realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance(监视).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?A．Ittransformshumanhistory.B．Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.C．Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.D．Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.57.HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?A．Theyareimmeasurable.B．Theyareworldwide.C．Theyareunpredictable.D．Theyarecontaminating.58.InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?A．ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.B．ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.C．ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.D．ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.59.Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?A．Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.B．Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.C．Peopledon'thavetotraveltoseetheworld.D．Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.60.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?A．TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.B．TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.C．Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.D．Theydon'ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage(抵押贷款)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyearnings.Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,however,mightbelessinclinedtotradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts(职位相对的人),whileraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accord-ingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelivesoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答61.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?A．Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.B．Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.C．Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.D．Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.62.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutretiredpeopletoday?A．Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.B．Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.C．Theyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.D．Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirch