旅游英语Unit 7 B

TextBTheArtofChineseCookingI.GrammarReviewII.TextBIII.Exercises1.Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgivenbelowchangetheformwherenecessary.2.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.3.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.5.Topicsfordiscussion.IV.ChineseversionofTextB感叹句(Interjection)感叹句用来表示说话的感情，在句中一般作独立成分。在以how或what引起的感叹句中,how修饰形容词，副词和动词;what则修饰名词，如：Howfasttimegoesby!光阴似箭!Howdeliciousthefoodis!多么美味的佳肴啊!Whatmarvelousscenery!多么奇妙的风景啊!Whatapity!真可惜！I.GrammarReviewReadthefollowingpassageandthentrytotellitsmainideainEnglish.TheArtofChineseCooking1InChina,cookingisanart.QuitedifferentfromWesterncookingwhoserecipesarefollowedstrictlylikelaboratoryinstructions,Chinesecookingalwaysallowsforacreativeandstylistictouchtoit.WhileintheWesterncookingtherecipeisthekeytosuccessinanyculinaryattempt,inChinesecookingtheexperiencedandwell-seasonedchefistheguarantee.Thatiswhyrestaurants,bigorsmall,wouldalwaysboastoftheirchefsaswellasadvertisetheirdishes.II.Text2"Colorful,""varied,""delicious,"and"complex"areoftenusedtodescribeChinesefood.Greatattentionispaidtoaestheticappreciationofthefoodbecausethefoodshouldbegoodnotonlyinflavorandsmell,butalsoincolorandappearance.3ThefollowingaretheprincipalaspectsofChineseculinaryart:1.SELECTIONOFRAWMATERIAL4Chinesecuisineusesarichvarietyofrawmaterials,whichmayincludechicken,duck,fish,pork,seafood,game,eggs,vegetables,soybeanproducts,andfruitsandnuts.Chefsareveryparticularabouttheselectionandpreparationoftheingredientsused.Forexample,theBeijingRoastDuckcanbeconsideredthebestonlyifthechefshaveavailabletheforce-fedducksraisedonaparticularduckfarmnearBeijing.II.Text2.COMBINATIONOFINGREDIENTS5Besidesselection,Chinesechefsalsopayattentiontothecombinationofmainingredientsandauxiliarymaterials.Theyseetoitthatthecombinationappealstotheeyeaswellastothepalate.Shrimps,forexample,areoftenstir-friedwithcucumbersothatthecolorcombinationsarepleasingtotheeye.Similarly,beancurdandgreens,fishfilletandtomatosauce,chickenandmushroomallmakegoodcombinations.InChinesecooking,meatandvegetablesareoftencookedtogethersothattheynotonlylookgoodandtastedeliciousbutarenutritiousaswell.II.Text3.CUTTING6CuttinghasalwaysbeenadistinctivefeatureofChineseculinaryart.Theingredientsofagivendishcanbecutintoslices,strips,shreds,cubes,segments,dices,grains,orminces.Somematerialsliketurnip,radish,andpotatocanbecarvedintotheshapesofflowersandanimals.Chinesecharactersofanauspiciousnaturecanalsobecarvedintofoodorvegetables.II.Text4.SEASONING7SeasoningisveryimportantinChinesecooking.Thenumberofspicesandherbsusedisestimatedatmorethanonehundred.ThoseusedinvariousgeographicalregionshavehelpedtoshapethedifferentstylesofChinesecooking,andallkindsofsalty,sweet,sour,andpungentflavorscanbefoundinthosecuisines.Chinesechefsseetoitthatseasoningsareaddedattherighttimeintherightamounttoensuretherightflavor.II.Text5.TEMPERATURE8InChinesecooking,timeandtemperaturearedecisivefactors.Differentingredientsrequiredifferentcookingtimeandtemperaturessothattheycanbehard,soft,crisp,ortender.Theycanbecookedoverhigh,moderate,orlowtemperatures.DongpoBraisedPork,afamousHangzhoudishnamedafteradistinguishedSongDynastypoetandpainterSuShi,betterknownintheWestasSuTungpo,isagoodexample.AccordingtoSu'srecipe,theporkissimmeredslowlyoverlowheatinacoveredpot.Whendone,themeatistenderanddeliciousbutnotgreasyatall.Ontheotherhand,theFriedSlicedChickenandtheChickenLiverisstir-friedatahightemperatureforonlyafewseconds.Thecookedmeatturnsouttobetenderandtasty.Butlowtemperaturewouldmakethemeattoughandhard.II.Text6.COOKINGTECHNIQUES9ThereareoverthirtytechniquesinChinesecuisine,includingdeep-frying,quick-frying,stir-frying,roasting,sauteing,simmering,braising,smoking,steaming,andstewinginsoysauceandsyrup.Differentmaterialsrequiredifferentflavorings.II.Text1.Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgivenbelowandchangetheformwherenecessary.III.Exercisesbepleasingtointheformofconcentrate…onbeconfinedtodip…intobeginwithbeaddedtopickupanexceptiontoasidefromseetoitthatbecarvedinto1.AChinesebanquetusually___________anassortedcolddishwhichalwayssurprisestheforeigners.2.She_____________herhouse,forshehascaughtaseriousfluandcoughedfrequently.beginswithisconfinedtoIII.Exercisesbepleasingtointheformofconcentrate…onbeconfinedtodip…intobeginwithbeaddedtopickupanexceptiontoasidefromseetoitthatbecarvedinto3.Ifyoudon't___________yourattention____yourwork,you'llbesurelydismissed.4.Wheneveningiscoming,thecolorfullightsalongtheBund______________theeye.5.Mostmagnificentchurchesintheworldareoftenbuilt______________across.concentrateonarepleasingtointheformofIII.Exercisesbepleasingtointheformofconcentrate…onbeconfinedtodip…intobeginwithbeaddedtopickupanexceptiontoasidefromseetoitthatbecarvedinto6.__________beingfunandgoodexercise,swimmingisaveryusefulskillforus.7.Thegentleman__________thehalf-finishedletterandputitonthemarblemantelpiece.8.Thepalace__________________fromtimetotime,andasaresultincorporatedvariousstylesofarchitecture.AsidefrompickeduphadbeenaddedtoIII.Exercisesbepleasingtointheformofconcentrate…onbeconfinedtodip…intobeginwithbeaddedtopickupanexceptiontoasidefromseetoitthatbecarvedinto9.Thoughitissummernow,thewateristoocoldtoswim,soIjust______myfeet_____it.10.I'mpuzzledbythissentence,maybethereis_______________thisgrammaticalrule.dippedintoanexceptionto2.Fillineachblankwiththemostappropriatewordfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.TheWorld-KnownMaximsOneoftheworld'sgreatestrestaurantsisMaxims,ontheRueRoyale,Paris.Fromthestreetyouseeonlya(1)Parisianbuildingandafamousred(2)thatsays"Maxims".Butwhenyouwalkinsideyouknow(3)thatit'sarestaurantdevotedluxury.Thelightisverybright(4)ittakesafewminutestoseethelovelygoldmirrors;thepaintingsof(5)customers;thewhitetablecloths;theredvelvetseats(1)A.typicalB.specialC.perfectD.beautiful(2)A.roofB.awningC.ceilingD.attic(3)A.franklyB.clearlyC.reallyD.immediately(4)A.orB.yetC.asD.so(5)A.regularB.commonC.famousD.rareABDDCIII.Exercisesandthebeautifully(6)menandwomenwhogothere.Ifyoulookcarefullyyouwillseethatmanyof(7)menandwomenhavefamiliarfaces.Maximsisafavorite(8)placeforworldcelebrities.Buttherichandthefamousdon'talwayseatatMaxims.Therestaurantopenedat1890sand(9)severalyearsofsuccess.ButaftertheWorldWarIitbecame(10)popular,andwell-knownpeoplelookedforotherplacestoeat.(6)A.dressingB.dressedC.dressD.todress(7)A.theseB.thoseC.theD.other(8)A.livingB.eatingC.playingD.reading(9)A.ownedB.awardedC.enjoyedD.won(10)A.quiteB.evenC.moreD.lessBABCDIII.ExercisesIn1931aman(11)BudadelBartMaxims,whowasacleverbusinessman,hiredAlbertBlazerasthe(12).Albert,whowasveryarrogant,lovedbeingaheadwaiterbecausehehadpowertodecidewherepeoplewouldsit,andwhentheywouldgettheir(13),andheverymuchenjoyedmakingfamouscustomerswaitalittlewhile(14).Onecustomersaid:"Thatmanis(15).Heisabigsnobthananyothersnobswhoeathere".Thisofcourseisthereasonforitsgreatsuccess.(11)A.namedB.namedafterC.CalledD.calledby(12)A.head-waiterB.captainC.house-keeperD.bartender(13)A.seatB.ordersC.dishesD.tables(14)A.atonetimeB.foratimeC.fromtimetotimeD.allthetime(15)A.unbelievingB.incredibleC.ridiculousD.ignorantAACCBIII.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.RestaurantsinAmericaBecausetherearesomanydifferentnationalitiesinAmerica,visitorscanfindalmostanykindofrestaurantinmostofthelargercities.Thetelephonebooklistsrestaurantsforeachcityaccordingtoname,areaofthecity,orkindoffood.Restaurantsinlargecitiesvarygreatlyinprice.Manyrestaurantsposttheirmenusinthewindowsoyoucanhavesomeideaofthepriceandkindoffoodbeforeyouenter.Ifmenuisnotposted,andyouareuncertainabouthowexpensivetheplaceis,asktoseeamenubeforeyouareseatedatatable,orelsejustaskaboutthepricerange.Appearancesfromtheoutsidecanbemisleading—whatlookslikeasmall,informalrestaurantmayreallybeveryexpensive,andwhatlookslikealarge,expensiverestaurantmaybeveryreasonable.Youcangetamealforabout$2orslightlymoreifyoueatinsnackbarsorcoffeeshops,butinmostcityrestaurantsyoushouldexpecttopay$6to$8apersonfordinner,withalcoholicdrinksandwineextra.PricesinNewYorkCityareevenhigher.III.Exercises4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)在中国宴会上，汤总是最后上，但鱼翅汤例外。(2)近年来，无论冬天还是夏天，火锅总是吸引了不少食客。(3)据说，熊掌是最珍贵的佳肴，因为太难得。(4)中国菜肴是门艺术并受到了国内外人士的高度评价。III.Exercises(5)北京特色菜是烤鸭。切成薄片的烤鸭与大葱丝和涂着芝麻酱的薄饼卷着一起吃，味道真是好极了。(6)中国菜被分为八大菜系，如：广帮，京帮，川帮等。(7)水果营养丰富并有益于我们的健康,因此我们最好养成每天吃水果的习惯。(8)在餐厅里，许多外国人能熟练地使用筷子挟他们喜爱的佳肴。III.Exercises5.Topicsfordiscussion.(1)TointroduceoneofthetypicalCantonesespecialtieswiththeexpressionsinthepassage.(2)TogiveyourbriefremarksonthefeaturesofChinesefood.III.ExercisesTheEnd美国的餐馆因为美国有如此众多的民族，观光者们在大多数较大的城市里可以找到几乎所有种类的餐馆。电话簿上会根据名字、城区或食物的种类罗列出每个城市的餐馆。大城市的餐馆价格差别很大。许多餐馆把菜谱贴在窗户上，便于你在进去之前就对价格和食物种类有个大体了解。如果窗上没有菜谱而你又拿不准价格的话，那么在就座前先要求看看菜谱，或者只问问价格的范围。餐馆的外观可能会给人以误导—看上去很小且非正规的餐馆可能非常昂贵，而一个看起来大而贵的餐馆价钱可能很合理。在快餐店或咖啡店里，一顿饭花两美元或者稍多一点，但在大部分城市餐馆中你可能要支付六到八美元一人，烈酒和葡萄酒另算。纽约市的价格会更高一些。(1)AttheChinesebanquet,soupisalwaysservedasthelastcourseexcepttheshark'sfinsoup.(2)Intherecentyears,hotpotattractsagreatnumberofeaters,whetherinwinterorsummer.(3)Itissaidthatbear'spawsarethemostpreciousfoodbecausetheyareextremelyrare.(4)ChinesecuisineisconsideredasanartandhasbeengivenhighcommentsbythepeopleinandoutofChina.(5)RoastduckisthespecialtyofBeijingfood.Itisdelicioustoeattheslicedduckwrappedinthincrepescoveredwithsesameseedandscallion.(6)Chinesefoodisdividedintoeightbigcuisines,suchasGuangdongfood,Beijingfood,Sichuanfood,etc.(7)Fruitsarefullofnutritionandbenefittoourhealth,sowe'dbetterdevelopintoahabitofeatingfruitseveryday.(8)Inrestaurants,alotofforeignerscanskillfullyusechopstickstotastetheirfavoritedishes.(1)CantonesecuisineisalsocalledGuangdongcuisine.CookedsnakeisoneofthetypicalCantonesespecialties.ThemostfamoussnakedishistheDragonandTigerLockedinBattle,inwhichcobra,leopardcat,andovertwentyspicesareused.RoastsnakewithChrysanthemumBloomsisprovidedinautumn.Thedishiscreamyincolorandisgarnishedwithbeautifulpetalsofchrysanthemum,mushrooms,avariousflavoring.(2)Chinesefoodisdifferentfrommanycuisinesintheworld.WeChinesepeoplethinkeatingisveryimportant.Thefoodwehavemustbenotonlydelicious,butalsobegoodinsmellandsight.So,usually,ittakespeoplelongtimetocookChinesefood.AnotherfeatureofChinesefoodisthatwecanalmostputeverythingwhichhasfourlegsintothepotexcepttableandchair.Manyforeignpeoplecannoteasilyunderstandit,theythoughtitishardtobelieveandafraidtohaveatry.参考译文中国烹饪的艺术1在中国，烹饪是一门艺术。与西方截然不同是，西方的烹饪法就像规则那样受到循规蹈矩地恪守，而中国的烹饪允许厨师们创造性地添加创新、个性化的色调。西方的烹饪关键靠食谱取胜，而中国的烹饪以经验丰富、久经“厨”场的厨师见长。这就是为什么大大小小的餐馆总要大肆吹捧厨师和在广告中大肆宣传他们厨艺的原因。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术中国的菜肴可用“华美”、“多变”、“美味”、“繁复”四词来形容。对菜肴的审美鉴赏，是因为好的菜肴不仅味道鲜美，而且色彩和外观俱佳。3中国的烹饪艺术体现在以下几个主要方面：(1)原料选择4中国菜肴的原料可谓是五花八门，涵盖了鸡、鸭、鱼、猪肉、海鲜、野味、蛋、蔬菜、豆制品，以及水果和坚果等。厨师们特别讲究原料的选择和配制。以北京烤鸭为例，只有在北京附近特定鸭场的鸭子，经过填食喂养后，才能做出最好的北京烤鸭。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术(2)食材的搭配5除了注重原料的选择外，中国的厨师也很在意菜肴的主要食材和辅助原料的搭配。他们十分注意菜肴的食材搭配既能引起人们的食欲，又要能吸引人的眼球。比如：小虾炒黄瓜，这样搭配出来的菜肴可谓赏心悦目。同样，豆腐配绿叶菜、鱼片加番茄沙司、鸡肉与蘑菇的搭配使得菜肴更显得色彩斑斓。中国的烹饪法一般都把肉类和蔬菜放在一起烹调，以便菜肴不仅悦目，鲜美，而且营养丰富。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术(3)刀功6刀功一直是中国烹饪艺术的显著特征。一道特定菜的原料可被切成片、条、丝、块、段、丁、粒或末。而像芜菁、萝卜和土豆这样的原料可被雕刻成花和动物的形状。表示吉祥意义的汉字也能被刻进菜肴里。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术(4)调味品7调味品在中国烹饪中举足轻重。调味用的香料或香草估计有上百种。不同地区使用的调味品帮助形成了中国烹饪的不同风格。咸甜酸辣，一应俱全，都能在这些菜系中得以体现。中国厨师注重将调味品添加得适时、适量，确保正宗风味。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术(5)火候8在中国烹饪里面，时间和火候是决定性因素。不同原料烹饪时需要不同的时间和火候，以使“硬、软、脆、嫩”各得其所。他们可以用“旺火、中火、微火”予以烹调。以杭州名菜“东坡炖肉”为经典范例，菜名取自宋代词人兼画家苏轼，而在西方，人们却比较熟悉苏东坡这个名字。根据苏轼菜谱，肉要放在加盖的锅内用微火慢慢煨炖。这样炖出来的肉鲜嫩可口不油腻。另一个例子是，爆炒鸡片和鸡肝只需用旺火煸炒几秒钟即可。这样炒出来的肉既嫩又香；但是用微火炒，就会把肉炒得老而硬，且咬不动。参考译文中国烹饪的艺术(6)烹饪技法9中国烹饪有三十多种技法，包括：油炸、速煎、煸炒、烘烤、嫩煎、慢煨、炖煮、熏制、蒸煮、用酱油和糖浆煨焖等。不同的原料需要不同的调味加工。