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外文翻译 外文文献 智能照明控制系统

2018-06-13 2页 doc 69KB 59阅读

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外文翻译 外文文献 智能照明控制系统IntelligentLightingControlSystemAbstract:Thispaperdescribesthedevelopmentoflightingcontrolsystems,intelligentlightingcontrolsystemmainlySystemfunctionsandapplicationsarediscussed.Keywords:intelligentlightingcontrolbustransferprotocolgreenenergy1、IntroductionWiththec...
外文翻译 外文文献  智能照明控制系统
IntelligentLightingControlSystemAbstract:Thispaperdescribesthedevelopmentoflightingcontrolsystems,intelligentlightingcontrolsystemmainlySystemfunctionsandapplicationsarediscussed.Keywords:intelligentlightingcontrolbustransferprotocolgreenenergy1、IntroductionWiththecontinuousdevelopmentofoureconomy,rapidlyrisinglivingstandards,peopleworkingandlivingenvironmenthavebecomeincreasinglydemanding,whilethelightingsystemrequirementshavebecomemoresophisticated,thetraditionallightingtechnologyhasbeenastrongblow.Ontheonehandbecauseofinformationtechnologyandcomputertechnologychangesinlightingtechnology,providingtechnicalsupport;theotherhand,duetoenergyshortage,thestatemoreandmoreattentiononenergy-savinglighting,newlightingcontroltechnologytodeveloprapidlytomeetwithByenergyconservation,comfort,conveniencerequirements.Lightingcontrollightingcontrolfromthetraditionalmanualmethod,automatedlightingcontroltotoday'sintelligentlightingcontrol.Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemisbasedoncomputer-controlledall-digitalplatform,modular,distributedbuscontrolsystem,thecentralprocessormodulescommunicatedirectlythroughthenetworkbus,thebusmakesuseoflighting,dimming,blinds,scenecontroltoachieveintelligent,andbecomeacompletebussystem.Canbebasedonchangesintheexternalenvironmentinthedeviceautomaticallyadjustthestatusofthebustoreachsafety,energyconservation,humaneffects,andcanuseinthefuture,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofusersthroughthecomputerre-Waytoincreaseormodifythesystem'sfunctionality,withouthavingtore-layingofcables,intelligentlightingcontrolsystem,highreliability,flexiblecontrol,lightingcontrolisthetraditionalwaycannotbedone. 2.1Thebasiccomponentsandmonitoringthecontentsofthesystem 2.1.1Systemcomponents Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemisusuallydimmermodule,switchmodule,inputmodule,thecontrolpanel,liquidcrystaldisplaytouchscreen,smartsensors,PCinterface,timemanagementmodule,hand-heldprogrammer,monitoringcomputer(needtobridgealargenetworkconnection)andothercomponentscomposition. 1)Thebasicprincipleofthedimmingmoduleisamicroprocessor(CPU)ThesizeoftheopeninganglecontrolSCRtocontroltheaverageamplitudeoftheoutputvoltagetoadjustthebrightnessoflightsources. 2)switchmoduleiscontrolledbythepowerswitchrelayoutputtocontrollight. 3)inputmoduleistoacceptpassivecontactsignalstransmittedtothemicroprocessorviathebus. 4)Thecontrolpanelisintuitiveoperationforcontroloflightingscenesweretheparts,whichiscontrolledbyamicroprocessor,canbeprogrammedtocompleteavarietyofdifferentcontrolrequirements.Entersymbolidentifyingthemicroprocessor,afterprocessingcontrolinformationsentviathebus,tocontrolthecorrespondingdimmingofthelightsourcemoduleorswitchingmodulecontrolthedimmingorswitchcontrol. 5)Theilluminationofthesensorinterfacemoduleforconnectiontodetection,thereisdetection,motiondetectionandothersensors. 6)TimeManagementmodulecontrolsystemwithanotherdeviceonthebusinterfacetoautomatetasksandtimecontrol. 2.1.2MonitoringContents 1)Thecentralcontrolsystemthroughthecentralstationandthesystemsoftwareontheswitch,dimming,clock,lighting,monitoringandmanagementofthestate. 2)switchcontrol,bythecentralstation,localcontrolpanelforlightsforopen,closecontrol. 3)dimmingcontrol,bythecentralstation,localcontrolpanelforlightingtheilluminationfromzerotomaximumcontrol. 4)Thetimeclockcontrolsystembasedonpre-settimeforlighttoopenandclosecontrol. 5)Theastronomicalclockcontrol,enterthelocallatitudeandlongitude,thesystemautomaticallycalculatethedayofthesunsettime,thistimetocontrollightingaccordingtothescenechanges. 6)Thescenecontrol,throughthecentralstation,localcontrolpanelprogramming,lightswereon,off,dimmingcontrolsettings. 7)Remotecontrol,remotecontrolviahand-heldcontrolpanelwithinfraredlightfortheregionunderthecontrolturnedoff,dimmingcontrol. 8)Theilluminationsystemaccordingtotheilluminationdetectionsensordetectiondata(light,lightanddark),inaccordancewiththepre-setparameterstoautomaticallyturnonlights,turnoff,dimmingcontrol. 9)exists,motioncontrol,accordingtopresencedetection,motiondetectionsensorsandotherdetectiondata,inaccordancewiththepre-setparameterstoautomaticallyturnonlights,turnoff,dimmingcontrol. 10)jointcontrol,throughtheinputmodulereceivesthevideosecuritymonitoringsystem,intrusionalarmsystems,accesscontrolsystems,automaticfirealarmsysteminthecoordinatedcontrolsignalstoswitchonthelightsourcecontrolordimmingcontrol. 11)Remotecontrol,lightingcontrolthroughtheInternetforremotemonitoringandcontrolsystem:includinglightingboxlightingsystemparametersettingchanges;onthesystemtomonitorthestateofthesceneillumination;stateofthesystemtocontrollightingscenes. 12)Graphiccontrol,userscanusetheelectronicmapfunctionontheentireregionforvisualcontrolofthelighting,thefloorplanofthewholebuildingcanbeenteredintothesystem,andusedifferentcolorstorepresentthecurrentstateoftheregion. 2.2Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemdatatransmission Intheinternationallightingcontrolsystemdatatransmissionnetworkwithoutuniformstandards,thecurrentwayofthemaintwistedpair,powerlinecarriertransmissionandthreetypesofradiofrequencytransmission.Thesethreetransmissiondatarates,reliabilityoftransmissionisquitedifferent. 2.2.1twisted-pairtransmission Totwistedpairtransmissiontwistedpairtransmissionnetworkforinformation,thelayingoflinesseparatelyfornewconstruction,expansionoftheproject.ThereareinthiswayThefollowingadvantages: 1)hardwareandsoftwareprotocolcompletelyopen,perfect,commongood.2)linesatbothendsoftransformerisolation,immunitytointerference,lightningprotectionperformance. 3)transmissionspeed. 4)Thesystemcapacityisalmostunlimited,thesystemwillnotincreasetheemergenceofunexpectedfailures. 5)asaninformationtransmissionmedium,alargenumberofsophisticatedequipmentforgeneraluse. 2.2.2PowerLineCarriertransmission Useofelectricpowerlinecarriertransmissionofinformationtransmissionnetwork,withoutlayingasinglelinefordatatransmissionofthesignalscanbeappliedtonewconstruction,expansionoftheproject,andespeciallyforreconstructionprojects.Powerlinecarriertransmissioninthecurrentfluctuationsduetopowerlines,datatransferrateandreliabilityofdatatransmissionbyagreaterimpact,reducingefficiency.Whenthemonitoringequipmentforalongtime,noreliabledatatransmissionmaycausethesystemtoastandstill. 2.2.3Radiofrequencytransmission Radiofrequencytransmissionofinformationusingwirelessradiotransmissionnetworkasthesystemcannotonlysatisfythefunctionalrequirements,indoornowiring,simpleconstruction,cansavetheconstructioninvestmentfornewconstruction,expansionoftheproject,andespeciallyforreconstructionproject.RFoperatingfrequencyconsistentwithIEEE802.11bstandards. 2.3Thescopeofapplicationofintelligentlightingcontrolsystem Lightingcontrolsystemcanbeincandescent,fluorescent,energysavinglamps,quartzlampsandotherlightdimmingthelightsonalloccasionstocontroltheenvironmenttomeetavarietyoflightingrequirements. 1)offices,schools,hospitals,factoriesandotherplacesofthelightingsystem,usingthetimecontrolsystemonthelighton,turnofftheautomaticcontrol,theuseofilluminationsensorthatautomaticallyadjuststheillumination,energyconservation.Canbethecentralmonitoringandcontrolsystemcanbeconnectedwiththeconstructionequipment. 2)Theatre,conferencerooms,clubsandotherplacesofuseofsystemfunctionsanddimmingthesceneswitchescanbeeasilyconvertedavarietyoflightingscenarios,multi-pointcontrol.Lightsourcecanbecontrolledthroughthesystem,airconditioning,electricfans,electriccurtains,CanadaHeaterandotherelectricalequipment. 3)Thevenuesportsvenuesmatchrequiredbyhierarchicalcontrol,largevenueshouldbeasinglelightcontrol. 4)Themunicipalworks,squares,parksandotheroutdoorpublicplaces,thegroupusingthesystemcontrolsoftwarecancontrollightingthroughouttheregion,theuseofilluminationsensors,timeswitchestoachievelightingautomationcontrol,systemmonitoringsoftwareusingintelligentlightingcontrol. 5)areaswherestreetlightingshouldbebasedonthegeographicallocationandseasonalvariationtodetermineareasonabletimetoswitchlightsandtheskybrightnesschangesaccordingtothenecessaryamendments,theuseoflightcontrolandtimecontrolofacombinationofintelligentcontrol. 6)Landscapelightingusedinpeacetime,thegeneralholidays,majorholidaysandothercontrolmode. 2.4Applicationofintelligentlightingcontrolsystemfeatures 2.4.1useoflightingcontrolsystem,realizationoftheintelligentlightingcontrol,lightingsystemscanruninautomaticstate. 1)Thesystemwillbepre-settoswitchanumberofbasicworkingconditions,suchas:"day","night","security"and"clean","Weekend"and"lunch"and,accordingtopre-settimeautomaticallyinthetoswitchbetweenvariousworkingconditions.Forexample,worktimecomes,thesystemwillautomaticallyturnonthelightsandthelightintensityisautomaticallyadjustedtothemostappropriatelevelofstaff.InthewindowRoom,thesystemcanintelligentlyuseofoutdoornaturallight,whentheweatherwasfine,automaticallydimminginteriorlamp;weatheranddark,indoorlampautolight,toalwaysmaintainaconstantbrightnessofroom(atpre-setrequirementsofthebrightness). 2)Whentheendofeachworkingday,thesystemwillautomaticallyenterthe"evening"workstatus,autoslowdimmingthelightsoftheregion;thesametime,thesystemfunctionwillautomaticallydetectthepresenceofforce,sothatnooneintheofficeofthelightsautomaticallyturnoff;sametime,therecanguaranteedetectionoftheofficeemployeestoworkovertimeattheappropriatebrightnesslight. 3)Thesystemofpubliccorridorsandstaircasesandotherpublicareasofthelightcoordination,whentheofficehasemployeestoworkovertime,thestaircases,corridorsandotherpublicareastomaintainthebasicbrightnessofthelights,onlywhenthepersonhascompletedallthepost-officebeforethelighttransferredtothe"safe"stateorturnedoff. 4)manualcontrolpanelorremotecontrol,freetochangetheilluminationoftheregion. 5)Forthereceptionhall,restaurant,conferencerooms,loungesandentertainmentvenues,maybebasedondifferenttimesofday,differentusesofthepre-setlightingscenes,useonlythebestcalltopre-setlightingscenes,todesiredvisualeffects. 2.4.2maintaintheconsistencyofilluminationofnewbuildingsintouse,theilluminationthantherequiredhighillumination.Thisistakenintoaccountastimegoeson,theefficiencyoflightreflectionrateandroomwallsthesakeofcontinueddecay.Ifthedesignersintheearlydesignofthestandardillumination,then,nothowlongitwilllessthanthestandardroomillumination,illuminationnotmeetbusinessrequirements.Itisbecauseofthehighilluminationofthisnewdesignoftheroom,notonlyresultedinuseofofficespace(ortwiceatintervalsdecoration)oftheilluminationinconsistency,andbecauseofthehighilluminationunnecessarywasteofenergy.Useoflightingcontrolsystems,ascanbeintelligentdimming,thoughstillhighilluminationdesign,butthesystemwillbeinaccordancewiththestandardpre-setbrightnesstotheofficeduringtheperiodintheuseofconstantillumination,withoutreducingtheefficiencyoflightingandwallreflectioncoefficientofattenuation. 2.4.3createagoodworkingenvironment,improveworkefficiencyintheoffice,withdimmableelectronicballastsforfluorescentlampsinthesmartUnderthecontroloflightingcontrolsystemwiththetraditionalfluorescentlightingsystemshavesignificantadvantagescomparedto.Conventionalfluorescentballaststo100Hzfrequencyflashing(2timesthegridfrequency),thisstrobeenablestafftoheadswollen,eyefatigueandreduceworkefficiency.Thedimmableelectronicballastsareworkinginveryhighfrequency(40kHz~70kHz),notonlytoovercometheflicker,butalsotoeliminatethestarterwhenthebrightnessoftheinstability,providesacomfortableenvironmentconducivetohealth,butalsoimprovetheefficiency. 2.4.4createagoodenvironmentforgoodlightingdesignserviceisabletocreateawarm,comfortableenvironment,addingtoitsartisticcharm.Forexample,thecustomer'sfirstimpressionofthehotelentrancetothelobbyofthehotelreceptionarea,elegantanduniquelightenvironmentmaygivecareCustomersfeelathome,addthegoodwillofcustomersofthehotel,friendlyandwarmtoattractalargenumberofcustomers;thebanquethall,functionroomssuchastheuselightcolors,anddifferentshadingintensityprojectionmethodcancreatethree-dimensional,layereddifferentcoloratmosphere,notonlytheguestshaveacomfortablelivingenvironment,butalsotobringarttothegueststoenjoy,sothatpeoplehavethefeelinglinger. 2.4.5OpenLightingcontrolsystemcanbeintegratedintotheconstructionequipmentthroughthenetworkmonitoringsystem(BAS),BuildingManagementSystem(BMS),therealizationoftheunifiedmanagementofthebuilding. 2.5TechnicalAnalysis 2.5.1LineInvestmentsavings Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemisasystemthroughthecontrolbustothevariousinput,outputandsystemsupportunitconnected,powercabledirectlyreceivedfromthedistributioncabinetlightingorotherelectricalload,andwithoutgoingthroughtheswitch.Donothavetoconsiderwheninstallinganycontrolrelationship,andtheninstalledinthesystemsettingsthroughthesoftwarecodeofeachunit'saddressinordertoestablishrelationsbetweenthecorrespondingcontrol.Comparedwiththetraditionalcontrolmethodsavesalotoftheoriginalreceiptoftheswitchtocable,butalsoshortenthetimeofinstallationandconstruction,savinglaborcosts. 2.5.2significantenergysavings 1)Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemcantakeadvantageofsmartsensorsensingoutdoorlight,automaticadjustmentoflightintensity,theoutdoorlightintensity,indoorlightingweaker;outdoornaturallightisweak,theindoorlightingtostrong,tokeeptheinterioraconstantstandardofillumination,bothtocreatethebestworkenvironment,butalsotosaveenergy. 2)Sincethelightingcontrolsystem,throughsoundmanagement,theuseofsmartclockmanagementdevicesaccordingtodifferentdates,differenttimesofthevariousfunctionalareasinaccordancewiththeoperationofpre-setforillumination,nolight,toensurethelightsoff;inInfact,themajorityofcases,manyareasdonotneedallthelightsonoropentothebrightest,lightingcontrolsystemscanprovidethemosteconomicalenergyconsumptionthemostcomfortablelighting;insomepublicareassuchasconferencerooms,lounges,etc.,theuseofexistingdetectionfunctionWhensomeoneenteredthelampislitorswitchtoapresetscene. 2.5.3extendthesourcelifeisthecauseofdeathinlightdamagetoover-voltagegrid.Thehighervoltagesource,doublingitslifereduced.Therefore,maintainingasuitablelightsourcevoltageisaneffectivewaytoextendlamplife.Lightingcontrolsystemcansuccessfullysuppresstheimpactofpowergridvoltageandsurgevoltage,thelightwillnotcausetheprematurefailureoftheabove.Canalsobedeterminedbythesystemtoartificiallylimitthevoltagetoimprovethelightsourcelife.Extendthelifeofnotonlysavealotoflightfixtures,butalsosignificantlyreducetheworkloadofreplacementlightsource,effectivelyreducingtheoperatingcostsoflightingsystems,lightsourcesforthedifficultandexpensivetoinstallarealightingalsohasaspecialsignificance. 2.5.4improvemanagement,reducemaintenancecostintelligentlightingcontrolsystem,generallightingartificialopeningandclosingconvertedintointelligentmanagement,willgreatlyreduceoperationandmaintenancecostsoflightingsystems,andreturnoninvestment. 3.Conclusion Intelligentlightingcontrolsystemallowsahighdegreeofflexibilityinlightingsolutions,thesystemputintouse,willbringhigh-qualitylightingenvironment,improvethelevelofintelligentmanagementoftheentirebuilding,youcaneasilyadjustthelightingsystem,bothtomeettheaestheticandpracticalrequirements,atthesametimetoreachthegreenenergysavingtargets.Therefore,theintelligentlightingcontrolsystemwillhavebroaderapplication.智能照明控制系统摘要:本文介绍了照明控制系统的发展,主要对智能照明控制系统的功能和应用进行了论述。关键词:智能照明控制总线传输绿色节能1.引言随着我国经济的不断发展,人民生活水平迅速提高,人们对工作和生活环境的要求越来越高,同时对照明系统的要求也越来越高,传统的照明技术受到了强烈冲击。一方面由于信息技术和计算机技术的发展对照明技术的变化提供了技术支撑;另一方面,由于能源的紧缺,国家对照明节能越来越重视,新型的照明控制技术得以迅速发展,以满足使用者节约能源、舒适性、方便性的要求。照明控制方式从传统的手动照明控制方式、自动照明控制方式发展到现在的智能照明控制方式。智能照明控制系统是基于计算机控制平台的全数字、模块化、分布式总线型控制系统,中央处理器、模块之间通过网络总线直接通信,利用总线使照明、调光、百叶窗、场景控制等实现智能化,并成为一个完整的总线系统。可依据外部环境的变化自动调节总线中设备的状态,达到安全、节能、人性化的效果,并能在今后的使用中根据用户的要求通过计算机重新编程来增加或修改系统的功能,而无须重新敷设电缆,智能照明控制系统的可靠性高,控制灵活,是传统的照明控制方式所无法做到的。2.1系统基本组成及监控内容2.1.1系统组成智能照明控制系统通常由调光模块、开关模块、输入模块、控制面板、液晶显示触摸屏、智能传感器、PC接口、时间管理模块、手持式编程器、监控计算机(大型网络需网桥连接)等部件组成。1)调光模块的基本原理是由微处理器(CPU)控制可控硅的开启角大小,从而控制输出电压的平均幅值去调节光源的亮度。2)开关模块是由继电器输出控制电源的开关,从而控制光源。3)输入模块是接受无源接点信号,通过总线传输给微处理器。4)控制面板是供人直观操作控制灯光场景的部件,它是由微处理器进行控制的,可以通过编程完成各种不同的控制要求。微处理器识别输入键符,进行处理后通过总线发出控制信息,去控制相应的调光模块或开关模块对光源进行调光控制或开关控制。5)传感器接口模块用于连接照度探测、存在探测、移动探测等传感器。6)时间管理模块能与控制系统总线上的设备互相接口,实现自动化任务和时间控制。2.1.2监控内容1)中央控制,通过中央站以及系统软件实现对整个系统的开关、调光、时针、灯光状态的进行监控及管理。2)开关控制,可以由中央站、就地控制面板对灯光进行开启、关闭控制。3)调光控制,可以由中央站、就地控制面板对灯光进行从照度零到最大的控制。4)定时时钟控制,系统根据预先设定的时间对灯光进行开启、关闭控制。5)天文时钟控制,输入当地的经纬度,系统自动推算出当天的日落时间,根据此时间来控制照明场景的变化。6)场景控制,可以通过中央站、就地控制面板进行编程,对灯光进行开启、关闭、调光控制的设置。7)遥控控制,可以通过手持遥控器对设有红外线控制面板所控制区域的灯光进行开启、关闭、调光控制。8)照度控制,根据照度探测传感器的探测数据(光线明、暗),按照预先设定的参数自动对灯光进行开启、关闭、调光控制。9)存在、移动控制,根据存在探测、移动探测等传感器的探测数据,按照预先设定的参数自动对灯光进行开启、关闭、调光控制。10)联动控制,通过输入模块接收视频安防监控系统、入侵报警系统、出入口控制系统、火灾自动报警系统的联动控制信号,对光源进行开关控制或调光控制。11)远程控制,可以通过Internet对照明控制系统进行远程监控:包括对系统中照明箱照明参数的设定修改;对系统的场景照明状态进行监视;对系统的场景照明状态进行控制。12)图示化控制,用户可以使用电子地图功能对整个区域的照明进行直观的控制,可将整个建筑物的平面图输入系统中,并用不同的颜色来表示该区域当前的状态。2.2智能照明控制系统数据传输方式在国际上照明设施控制系统数据的传输网络无统一的标准,目前主要有双绞线传输方式、电力载波传输方式和无线射频传输方式三种类型。这三种传输方式的数据传输速率、传输的可靠程度有较大区别。2.2.1双绞线传输方式双绞线传输方式以双绞线为信息传输网,需单独敷设线路,适用于新建、扩建的工程。此方式主要有以下优点:1)软硬件协议完全开放、完善,通用性好。2)线路两端变压器隔离,抗干扰性强,防雷性能好。3)传输速度快。4)系统容量几乎不受限制,不会因系统增大而出现不可预料的故障。5)作为信息传输介质,有大量成熟的通用设备可以选用。2.2.2电力载波传输方式电力载波传输方式利用电力线为信息传输网,不用单独敷设线路就可实现数据信号的传输适用于新建、扩建的工程,且特别适用于改造的工程。电力载波传输方式由于电力线中电流波动,数据传输速率及数据传输的可靠性受到较大影响、效率降低。当监控设备多时,数据传输的不可靠可能会导致系统瘫痪。2.2.3无线射频传输方式无线射频传输方式利用无线射频作为信息传输网,该系统不仅在功能上能完全满足要求,室内无需布线,施工简单,可以节省施工的投资,适用于新建、扩建的工程,且特别适用于改造的工程。无线射频的工作频率符合IEEE802.11b标准要求。2.3智能照明控制系统适用范围照明控制系统可以对白炽灯、日光灯、节能灯、石英灯等多种光源调光,对各种场合的灯光进行控制,满足各种环境对照明的要求。1)写字楼、学校、医院、工厂等场所的照明系统,利用系统的时间控制功能对灯光的开启、关闭进行自动控制,利用照度传感器使光照度自动调节,节约能源。可进行中央监控并能与建筑设备监控系统连接。2)剧院、会议室、俱乐部等场所利用系统调光功能及场景开关可方便地转换多种灯光场景,实现多点控制。可通过系统控制光源、空调、电扇、电动窗帘、加热器等用电设备。3)体育场馆比赛场地按比赛要求分级控制,大型场馆宜做到单灯控制。4)市政工程、广场、公园等室外公共场所利用系统的群组控制软件可控制整个区域的灯光,利用照度传感器、定时开关实现照明的自动化控制,使用系统的监控软件实现照明的智能化控制。5)道路照明应根据所在区域的地理位置和季节变化合理的确定开关灯时间,并根据天空亮度变化进行必要的修正,采用光控和时控相结合的智能控制方式。6)景观照明采用平时、一般节日、重大节日等控制模式。2.4智能照明控制系统应用的特点2.4.1采用照明控制系统后,实现照明控制的智能化,可使照明系统运行在全自动状态。1)系统将按预先设置切换若干个基本工作状态,比如:“白天”,“晚上”,“安全”、“清洁”、“周末”和“午饭”等,根据预设定的时间自动地在各种工作状态之间转换。例如,上班时间来临时,系统自动将灯打开,而且光照度会自动调节到工作人员最合适的水平。在靠窗的房间,系统能智能地利用室外自然光,当天气晴朗,室内灯会自动调暗;天气阴暗,室内灯会自动调亮,以始终保持室内恒定的亮度(按预设定要求的亮度)。2)当每一个工作日结束,系统将自动进入“晚上”工作状态,自动缓慢地调暗各区域的灯光;同时,系统的存在探测功能将自动生效,让没有人的办公室的灯光自动关掉;同时,存在探测能保证有员工加班的办公区灯光处于合适的亮度。3)系统使公共走道及楼梯间等公共区域的灯协调工作,当办公区有员工加班时,楼梯间、走道等公共区域的灯就保持基本的亮度,只有当所有办公区的人走完后,才将灯调到“安全”状态或关掉。4)用手动控制面板或遥控器等,随意改变各区域的光照度。5)对于接待大厅、餐厅、会议室、休息室和娱乐场所,则可根据一天中的不同时间,不同用途对灯光的场景预设置,使用时只需调用预先设置好的最佳灯光场景,达到预期的视觉效果。2.4.2维持照度的一致性新建建筑物投入使用后,照度会比要求照度高。这是考虑到随着时间的推移,灯的效率和房间墙面反射率不断衰减的缘故。如果设计师在初期就按标准照度设计,那么,无须多长时间房间照度就会低于标准,而不符合办公照度要求。正是由于这种新房间照度的偏高设计,不仅造城办公用房使用期(或两次装饰的间隔期)的照度不一致性,而且由于照度偏高造成不必要的能源浪费。采用照明设施控制系统,由于可以智能调光,尽管照度还是偏高设计,但系统将会按照预先设置的标准亮度使办公室在使用期内保持恒定的照度,而不受灯具效率降低和墙面反射系数衰减的影响。2.4.3创造良好的工作环境,提高工作效率在办公室,配可调光电子镇流器的日光灯在智能照明控制系统控制下与传统的日光灯照明系统相比具有显著的优点。传统镇流器的日光灯以100Hz的频率闪动(电网频率的2倍),这种频闪使工作人员头脑发胀,眼睛疲劳,降低了工作效率。而可调光电子镇流器则工作在很高的频率(40kHz~70kHz),不仅克服了频闪,而且消除了起辉时的亮度不稳定,提供了有利于健康的舒适环境,同时也提高了工作效率。2.4.4创造良好的服务环境好的灯光设计能营造出一种温馨、舒适的环境,增添其艺术的魅力。例如顾客对酒店的第一印象是酒店入口到大堂接待区域,高雅别致的光环境可给予顾客一种宾至如归的感觉,增添顾客对酒店的好感,亲切而又温馨吸引众多的顾客;而宴会厅、多功能厅等利用灯光的颜色、投射方式和不同明暗亮度可创造出立体感、层次感,不同色彩的环境气氛,不仅使客人有个舒适的居住环境,而且还可以给客人带来艺术的享受,使人们产生留连忘返之感。2.4.5开放性照明控制系统可以通过网络集成到建筑设备监控系统(BAS)、建筑管理系统(BMS)中,实现大楼的统一管理。2.5技术分析2.5.1节省线路投资智能照明控制系统是一种通过控制总线将系统中的各个输入、输出和系统支持单元连接起来,电力线缆从配电柜直接接到照明灯具或其它用电负载上,而无须经过开关。安装时不必考虑任何控制关系,在整个系统安装完毕后再通过软件设置各个单元的地址编码,从而建立对应的控制关系。与传统控制方法相比节省了大量原本要接到开关的线缆,也缩短了安装施工的时间,节省人工费用。2.5.2节能效果显著1)智能照明控制系统能利用智能传感器感应室外光线,自动调节光照度,即室外自然光强,室内灯光变弱;室外自然光弱,室内灯光变强,以保持室内恒定的标准照度,既创造了最佳的工作环境,又达到节能的效果。2)由于照明设施控制系统能够通过合理的管理,利用智能时钟管理器可以根据不同日期、不同时间按照各个功能区域的运行情况预先进行光照度的设置,不需要照明时,保证将灯关掉;在大多数情况下很多区域其实不需要把灯全部打开或开到最亮,照明设施控制系统能用最经济的能耗提供最舒适的照明;在一些公共区域如会议室、休息室等,利用存在探测功能在有人进入时才把灯点亮或切换到某种预置场景。2.5.3延长光源寿命光源损坏的致命原因是电网过电压。光源的工作电压越高,其寿命成倍降低。因此,保持适当光源工作电压是延长光源寿命的有效途径。照明设施控制系统能成功地抑制电网的冲击电压和浪涌电压,使光源不会因上述原因而过早损坏。还可通过系统人为地确定电压限制,提高光源寿命。延长光源寿命不仅节省大量灯具,而且大大减少更换光源的工作量,有效地降低了照明系统的运行费用,对于难安装区域的光源及昂贵灯具更具有特殊意义。2.5.4提高管理水平,减少维护费用智能照明控制系统,将普通照明人为的开、关转换成了智能化管理,将大大减少照明系统的运行维护费用,并带来投资回报。3.结束语智能照明控制系统使得照明具备高度的灵活性,系统投入使用后,会带来高质量的照明环境,提高整个建筑物的智能化管理水平,也可以便捷地调整照明系统,既满足美观、实用的要求,同时又达到了绿色节能环保的目标。因此,智能照明控制系统会有更广阔的应用前景。
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