《章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture》PPT课件

Addtheauthorandtheaccompanyingtitle章振邦《新编英语语法》LectureClassificationofVerbsDifferentrolesplayedintheformationMainverbsAuxiliariesPrimaryauxiliariesModalauxiliariesSemi-auxiliariesTransitiveverbsIntransitiveverbsLinkingverbsComplementationWordmeaningDynamicverbsStativeverbsWordformationSingle-wordverbsPhrasalverbsP109P110P113ClassificationofVerbsGrammaticalFormFiniteVerbFiniteFormNon-finiteVerbNon-finiteFormRegularVerbIrregularVerbP116P117MainVerb(NotionalVerb)Asweknow,averbphrasemayconsistofamainverbonly;thisiscalledasimpleverbphrase.Averbphrasemayalsotaketheformofamainverbprecededbyoneormoreauxiliaries;thisiscalledacomplexverbphrase.Mainverbsarealsocallednotionalverbsfunctioningastheheadandindicatingthebasicmeaningofaverbphrase.P108DynamicVerbDynamicverbsareverbsthatrefertoactions.Theycanbesubclassifiedintothreecategories,durative,transitionalandmomentaryverbs.Theseverbsnormallyadmitofboththeprogressiveandthenon-progressiveaspect.Withmomentaryverbs,thenon-progressiveformindicatesasinglemovementandtheprogressiveformindicatesarepeatedmovement.P111StativeverbsStativeverbsareverbsthatrefertopresentorpaststates.Theyarenotnormallyusedwiththeprogressiveaspectexceptincertaincaseswherethereisatransferofmeaning.Theycanbesubclassifiedinto4categories:i)The1stsubclassincludesmainverbbeandmainverbhave:Jimisateacher,but20yearsagohewasasoldier.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.Stativeverbsii)The2ndsubclassincludesverbsthatinclude,aspartoftheirmeaning,thenotionofbeingandhaving,suchasapplyto,belongto,differfrom,cost,weigh,measure,fit,hold,lack,resemble,etc.:Thisruleappliesto(=isapplicableto)everyone.Thishousebelongstomybrother(=ismybrother’sproperty).Frenchdiffersfrom(=isdifferentfrom)Englishinhavinggenderforallnouns.Theauditoriumholds(=hasacapacityof)2,000people.Stativeverbsiii)The3rdsubclassincludesverbsthatrefertoasenseperception,suchashear,see,feel,taste,smell,etc.:Shedoesn’thearverywell.I(can)seethesnowcappedpeaksofthedistantmountains.Thematerialfeelssoft.Therosessmellfragrant.I(can)tastepepperinthesoup.Ittastesdelicious/hot/sweetandsour.Stativeverbsiv)The4thsubclassincludesverbsthatrefertoafeeling,astateofmindoranopinion,suchasassume,believe,consider(=think),detest,fear,hate,hope,imagine,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,prefer,regret,remember,suppose,think,understand,want,wish,etc.:Ibelievewehavemetbefore?JimknowsChinese.Weunderstandyourdifficulty.HowIwishIcouldvisittheGrandCanyon!StativeverbsHereareafewexamplestoillustratethatstativeverbscansometimesbeuseddynamicallyandthereforecanbeusedwiththeprogressiveaspect,e.g.:Heisbeingfoolish(=isactingfoolishly).Wearehavingawonderfultime(=areenjoyingourselves).Compare:Heresembleshisfather.Heisresemblinghisfather(=isbecomingmoreandmorelikehisfather)astheyearsgoby.Thiscameracosts$140.Thismistakeiscostingusdearly(=isbringinggreatinjurytous).P111PhrasalverbsPhrasalverbsareverbalidiomswhichareequivalenttosingle-wordverbs,transitiveorintransitive,andwhicharedifferentfromsimpleverbalcombinationswherethemeaningsareeasilyguessedfromtheparts.Compare:Thelightswentout.(S+V)Heputonhiscoatandwentout.(S+V+A)Marycameinwiththecoffee.(S+V+A+A)Thebombwentoffwithadeafeningcrash.(SVA)Hecameoutwithanextraordinarystory.(SVO)P115Tense&AspectTenseisagrammaticalformassociatedwithverbsthattellsofthedistinctionsoftime.Aspectasagrammaticaltermindicateswhetheranactionorstateatagiventimeisviewedascompleteorincomplete.TensePresentPastAspectProgressivePerfectiveTense&AspectAcombinationofthetwotensesandthetwoaspectsmakesitpossibleforafiniteverbphrasetotakethefollowing8forms:TheSimplePresent/PresentIndefiniteTheSimplePast/PastIndefiniteThePresentProgressive/PresentContinuousThePastProgressive/PastContinuousThePresentPerfectiveThePastPerfectiveThePresentPerfectiveProgressiveThePastPerfectiveProgressiveP120ActivevoiceandPassiveVoiceVoiceisagrammaticalcategory.Itisaformoftheverbwhichshowswhetherthesubjectofasentenceactsorisactedon.Englishverbshavetwovoices:theactivevoiceandthepassivevoice.Thepassivevoiceisformedbytheauxiliarybe+-edparticipleofthetransitiveverb.CompareBE-passive&GET-passiveP121MoodMood,asagrammaticalcategory,isafiniteverbformthatindicateswhetheranutteranceexpressesafact(indicativemood),acommandorrequest(imperativemood),oranon-factandhypothesis(subjunctivemood).Therearetwoformsofthesubjunctive:be-subjunctiveandwere-subjunctive.IwishIwereyoungagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotgothere.Ifhebefoundguilty,hismembershipshallbesuspended.Itisessentialthatherecognizehisfaults.P122FiniteVerbPhrasesandNon-finiteVerbPhrasesFiniteVerbPhrases:Whatevertheformofaverbphrase,solongasitsfirstelementisfinite,itisafiniteverbphrase.Anon-finiteverbphraseisaverbphrasewhosefirstelementisanon-finiteverbform–aninfinitive,an–ingparticipleoran–edparticiple.FiniteVerbPhraseForms时体形式主动态被动态助动词主动词助动词主动词一般现在时doesisdone一般过去时didwasdone现在进行体isdoingisbeingdone过去进行体wasdoingwasbeingdone现在完成体hasdonehasbeendone过去完成体haddonehadbeendone现在完成进行体hasbeendoing过去完成进行体hadbeendoingAddtheauthorandtheaccompanyingtitle生活图标元素商务图标元素商务图标元素商务图标元素商务图标元素