高级英语第二册修辞汇总

Lesson11.Windandrainnowwipedthehouse.----metaphor(暗喻)2.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.----simile(明喻)3.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.-----simile4.…itseizeda600,00gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3.5milesaway.----personification(拟人)5.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.-----metaphor6.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!—ellipsis(省略)7.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.-----simile8.SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricanepartytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularvantagepoint-----transferredepithet移就9.Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads----metaphor;simileLesson21.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.-----simile2.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone.-----alliteration押头韵3....andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereinunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.----simile4.Andreallyitwasalmostlikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,amileortwomilesofarmedmen,flowingpeacefullyuptheroad,whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofpaper.-----simileThelittlecrowdofmournersallmenandboys,nowomenthreadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.--—ellipticalsentence6.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.—-hyperbole7.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews,manyofthemoldgrandfatherswithflowinggreybeards,allclamoringforacigarette.-----transferredepithet8.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthwardalong,dustycolumn,infantry,screw-gunbatteries,andthenmoreinfantry,fourorfivethousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels.—---onomatopoeticwordssymbolismNothostile,notcontemptuous,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.—--ellipticalsentenceThiswretchedboy,whoisaFrenchcitizenandhasthereforebeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsandcatchsyphilisingarrisontowns,actuallyhasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskin.—-synecdoche提喻Lesson31.…andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.---mixed-metaphorormetaphor2.…thatsuddenlythealchemyofconversationtookplace,andallatoncetherewasafocus.----metaphor3.Theglowoftheconversationburstintoflames.----metaphor4.WehadtraveledinfiveminutestoAustralia.-----metaphorThefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.--—metaphor5.Theconversationwasonwings.----metaphor6.Thebotheraboutteachingchimpanzeeshowtotalkisthattheywillprobablytrytotalksenseandsoruinallconversation.-----sarcasm反讽7.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveintoeachother'slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.-----simile8.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveinto,eachother’slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.—-simile9.IsthephraseinShakespeare----metonymy10.TheElizabethansblewonitasonadandelionclock,anditsseedsmultiplied,andfloatedtotheendsoftheearth.—simile11.Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKing’sEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.—alliteration12.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.—--metaphorLesson4United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfullchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.—antithesis…inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.—metaphorLetusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.—regression(回环:A-B-C)4.Allthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundreddays.—allusion引典;climax递进5.Andso,myfellowAmericansasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.—antithesis,regression回环6Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom,symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning,signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.----parallelism7.Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike….—alliteration8.Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellori11,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.----–parallelism;alliterationUnited,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.----antithesis对句10.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.-----antithesis11.…toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.---repetition12.Andifabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion…-----metaphor13.Letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.-----antithesisAndleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.-----metaphorTheenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.-----extendedmetaphor16.…tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak…----metaphor17.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds…-----parallelismLesson5Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.—-metaphor;hyperbole2.CharlesLamb,asmerryandenterprisingafellowasyouwillmeetinamonthofSundays,unfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorableOldChinaandDream’sChildren.—metaphor3.CoolwasIandlogical.----inversion(倒装)4.Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemist'sscales,aspenetratingasascalpel.-----simile5.Mybrain,thatprecisioninstrument,slippedintohighgear.----metaphoror-mixed-metaphor6.Sameage,samebackground,butdumbasanox.----simile7.Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.----metonymy转喻8."Imaydobetterthanthat,"Isaidwithamysteriouswinkandclosedmybagandleft.----transferredepithet9.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.----metaphor10.WewenttotheKnoll,thecampustrystingplace,andwesatdownunderanoldoak,andshelookedatmeexpectantly.-----allusion11.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,----allusion12.IwasnotPygmalion;IwasFrankenstein,andmymonsterhadmebythethroat.----allusionThetimehadcometochangeourrelationshipfromacademictoromantic.----assonance(半)谐音14.Backandforthhisheadswiveled,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis15.What’sPollytome,ormetoPolly—parody16."Yourgirl,"Isaid,mincingnowords.----litotes(间接肯定)17.Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions…-----litotesorunderstatement18.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.MaybesomehowIcouldfanthemintoflame.—-metaphororextendedmetaphor19.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.----synecdoche20.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.----metaphor21.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.----metaphor22.Suddenly,ag1immerofintelligence—thefirstIhadseen--cameintohereyes.----metaphor23.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.-----metaphor24..Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.-----hyperbole;metaphor25.He'saliar.He'sacheat.He'sarat.----climax(递进)26.Lookatme--abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey--aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywho'llneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.-----antithesis对句Lesson7HerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,thecenterofitsmostlucrativeandcharacteristicactivity,theboastandprideoftherichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth—andherewasascenesodreadfullyhideous,sointolerablybleakandforlornthatitreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.—metaphor;hyperbole;parallelism;antithesisHerewaswealthbeyondcomputation,almostbeyondimaginationandherewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.—hyperbole;antithesis3.WhatIalludetoistheunbrokenandagonizingugliness,thesheerrevoltingmonstrousness,ofeveryhouseinsight.----transferredepithet…,therewasnotoneinsightfromthetrainthatdidnotinsultandlaceratetheeye.----hyperbole;doublenegatives(双否)TherewasnotasingledecenthousewithineyerangefromthePittsburghsuburbstotheGreensburgyards，andtherewasnotonethatwasnotmisshapen,andtherewasnotonethatwasnotshabby.----hyperbole;repetition;doublenegativesThecountryitselfisnotuncomely,despitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.—litotesorunderstatement7.Obviously,iftheirwerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion,theywouldhaveperfectedachalettohugthehillsides—achaletwithahigh-pitchedroof,tothrowofftheheavywintersnows,butstillessentiallyalowandclingingbuilding,widerthanitwastall.-—ridicule（讽刺）Thistheyhaveconvertedintoathingofdingyclapboards,withanarrow,low-pitchedroof.----inversion(倒装)Ontheirdeepsidestheyarethree,fourandevenfivestorieshigh;ontheirlowsidestheyburythemselvesswinishlyinthemud.----metaphor10.Butwhatbrick!-----ellipsis(省略)11.…,andsotheyhavethemostloathsometownsandvillageseverseenbymortaleye.----hyperbole12.Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.----irony;sarcasm13.Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime,withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.—metaphor14.Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.—ridicule,irony,metaphor15.Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.—irony16.SafeinaPullman,Ihavewhirledthroughthegloomy,God-forsakenvillagesofIowaandLansas,andthemalarioustidewaterhamletsofGeorgia.—antonomasia(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)orallusion17.Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.—hyperbole,ironyTheylikeitasitis:besideit,theParthenonwouldnodoubtoffendthem.—irony19.ItisthatofaPresbyteriangrinning.—metaphor20.Afewlingerinmemory,horribleeventhere:acrazylittlechurchjustwestofJeannette----personification21…setlikeadormer-windowonthesideofabare,leproushill…-----metaphorasteelstadiumlikeahugerattrapsomewherefurtherdowntheline.----simile23.Theylikeitasitis:besideit,theParthenonwouldnodoubtoffendthem.----antonomasia(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)orallusionWhenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.----metaphorItisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.----hyperbole;ironySuchghastlydesigns,itmustbeobvious,giveagenuinedelighttoacertaintypeofmind.----synecdoche(提喻)ThusIsuspect(thoughconfessedlywithoutknowing)thatthevastmajorityofthehonestfolkofWestmorelandcounty,andespeciallythe100%Americansamongthem,actuallyadmirethehousestheylivein,andareproudofthem.-----irony;sarcasmItisincrediblethatmereignoranceshouldhaveachievedsuchmasterpiecesofhorror.---ironyLesson81.Onespeaksof”humanrelations”andonemeansthemostinhumanrelations,thosebetweenalienatedautomatons;onespeaksofhappinessandmeanstheperfectroutinizationwhichhasdrivenoutthelastdoubtandallspontaneity.—parallelismLesson91.Inthestreetsbetweenhouseswithredroofsandpaintedwalls,betweenoldmoss-growngardensandunderavenuesoftrees,pastgreatparksandpublicbuildings,processions.—periodicsentence2.TheairofmorningwassoclearthatthesnowstillcrowningtheEighteenPeaksburnedwithwhite-goldfireacrossthemilesofsunlitair,underthedarkblueofthesky.—metaphor3.Inthesilenceofthebroadgreenmeadowsonecouldhearthemusicwindingthroughthecitystreets,fartherandnearerandeverapproaching,acheerfulfaintsweetnessoftheairthatfromtimetotimetrembledandgatheredtogetherandbrokeoutintothegreatjoyousclangingofthebells.—periodicsentence4.Someofthemunderstandwhy,andsomedonot,buttheyallunderstandthattheirhappiness,thebeautyoftheircity,thetendernessoftheirfriendships,thehealthoftheirchildren,thewisdomoftheirscholars,theskilloftheirmakers,eventheabundanceoftheirharvestandthekindlyweathersoftheirskies,dependwhollyonthischild’sabominablemisery.—parallelconstruction5.Indeed,aftersolongitwouldprobablybewretchedwithoutwallsaboutittoprotectit,anddarknessforitseyes,anditsownexcrementtositin.—parallelconstructionLesson101.Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedandcuriousquestioningsbytheyoung:memoriesofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthefirstvisittoaspeakeasy,ofthebravedenunciationgofPuritanmorality,andofthefashionableexperimentationsinamourintheparkedsedanonacountryroad;questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting”sheik”,andthemoralandstylisticvagariesofthe“flapper”andthe“drug-storecowboy”.—transferredepithet2.Second,intheUnitedStatesitwasreluctantlyrealizedbysome—subconsciouslyifnotopenly—thatourcountrywasnolongerisolatedineitherpoliticsortraditionandthatwehadreachedaninternationalstaturethatwouldforeverpreventusfromretreatingbehindtheartificialwallsofaprovincialmoralityorthegeographicalprotectionofourtwoborderingoceans.—metaphor3.Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.—metaphor4.ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescentnineteenthcenturysociety.—metaphor5.Theprolongedstalemateof1915-1916,theincreasinginsolenceofGermanytowardtheUnitedStates,andourofficialreluctancetodeclareourstatusasabelligerentwereintolerabletomanyofouridealisticcitizens,andwithtypicalAmericanadventurousnessenhancedsomewhatbythestrenuousjingoismofTheodoreRoosevelt,ouryoungmenbegantoenlistunderforeignflags.—metonymy6.Theirenergieshadbeenwhippedupandtheirnaivetedestroyedbythewarandnow,insleepyGopherPrairiesalloverthecountry,theywerebeingaskedtocurbthoseenergiesandresumetheposeofself-deceivingVictorianinnocencethattheynowfelttobeasoutmodedasthenotionthattheirfightinghad”madetheworldsafefordemocracy”.—metaphor7.Afterthewar,itwasonlynaturalthathopefulyoungwriters,theirmindsandpensinflamedagainstwar,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,shouldflocktothetraditionalartisticcenter(wherelivingwasstillcheapin19)topourouttheirnew-foundcreativestrength,toteardowntheoldworld,toflouthtmoralityoftheirgrandfathers,andtogivealltoart,love,andsensation.—metonymy,synecdoche8.Youngerbrothersandsistersofthewargeneration,whohadbeenplayingwithmarblesanddollsduringthebattlesofBelleauWoodandChateau-Thierry,andwhohadsufferednorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersoftheireldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.—metaphor9.Thesedefectswoulddisappearifonlycreativeartwereallowedtoshowthewaytobetterthings,butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,therewaslittleremedyforthesensitivemindbuttoemigratetoEuropewhere”theydothingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy,synecdocheLesson111.ThisisbecausetherearefewerfanaticalbelieversamongtheEnglish,andatthesametime,belowthenoisyarguments,theabuseandthequarrels,thereisareservoirofinstinctivefellow-feeling,notyetexhaustedthoughitmaynotbefillingup.—metaphor2.Buttherearenotmayofthesemen,eitherontheboardortheshopfloor,andtheyarecertainlynottypicalEnglish.—metaphor3.SomecancerintheircharacterhaseatenawaytheirEnglishness.—metaphor4.Afurthernecessarydemand,tofeedthemonsterwithhigherandhigherfiguresandlargerandlargerprofits,isforenormousadvertisingcampaignsandbrigadesofrazor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5.ItisabattlethatisbeingfoughtinthemindsoftheEnglish.ItisbetweenAdmass,whichhasalreadyconqueredmostoftheWesternworld,andEnglishness,ailingandimpoverished,innopositiontoreceivevastsubsidiesofdollars,francs,Deutschmarksandtherest,forpublicrelationsandadvertisingcampaigns.—personification6.Againstthis,atleastsuperficially,Englishnessseemsapoorshadowyshow—afaintpencilsketchbesideaposterinfullcolor–belongingasitreallydoestotheinvisibleinnerworld,merelyofferingstatesofmindinplaceofthatrichvarietyofthings.Butthenwhilethingsareimportant,statesofmindareevenmoreimportant.—metaphor7.Itmusthavesomemoralcapitaltodrawupon,andsoonitmaybeaskingforanoverdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,theygropeandmessaroundbecausetheyhavefallenbetweentwostools,theoldharshdisciplinehavingvanishedandtheessentialnewself-disciplineeithernotunderstoodorthoughttobeoutofreach.—metaphor9.Recognizedpoliticalpartiesarerepertorycompaniesstagingghostlycampaigns,andallthatisrealbetweenthemisthearrangementbywhichonesetofchapstaketheirturnatministerialjobswhiletheotherpretendtobeastoundedandshockedandbringintalkofruin.—metaphor10.Englishnesscannotbefedwiththeeastwindofanarrowrationality,thelatestfiguresofprofitandloss,aconstantappealtoself-interest.—metaphor11.Andthisistrue,whethertheyarewearingbowlerhatsorungovernablemopsofhair.—metonymyLesson121.Whenitdid,Ilikemanyawriterbeforemeuponthediscoverythathispropshaveallbeenknockedoutfromunderhim,sufferedaspeciesofbreakdownadwascarriedofftothemountainsofSwitzerland.—metaphor2.There,inthatabsolutelyalabasterlandscapearmedwithtwoBessieSmithrecordsandatypewriterIbegantotrytorecreatethelifethatIhadfirstknownasachildandfromwhichIhadspentsomanyyearsinflight.—metaphor3.OnceIwasabletoacceptmyrole—asdistinguished,Imustsay,frommy”place”—intheextraordinarydramawhichisAmerica,IwasreleasedfromtheillusionthatIhatedAmerica.—metaphor4.Itisnotmeant,ofcourse,toimplythatithappenstothemall,forEuropecanbeverycripplingtoo;and,anyway,awriter,whenhehasmadehisfirstbreakthrough,hassimplywonacrucialskirmishinadangerous,unendingandunpredictablebattle.—metaphor5.WhatevertheEuropeansmayactuallythinkofartists,theyhavekilledenoughofthemoffbynowtoknowthattheyareasreal—andaspersist—asrain,snow,taxesorbusinessmen.—simile6.InthisendeavortowedthevisionoftheOldWorldwiththatoftheNew,itisthewriter,notthestatesman,whoisourstrongestarm.—metaphorLesson131.IamaskedwhetherIknowthatthereexistsaworldwidemovementfortheabsolutionofcapitalpunishmentwhichhaseverywhereenlistedablemenofeveryprofession,includingthelaw.Iamtoldthatthedeathpenaltyisnotonlyinhumanbutalsounscientific,forrapistsandmurderersarereallysickpeoplewhoshouldbecured,notkilled.Iaminvitedtousemyimaginationandacknowledgetheunbearablehorrorofeveryformofexecution.—parataxis2.Undersuchalaw,anaturalselectionwouldoperatetoremovepermanentlyfromthescenepersonswho,letussay,neglectargumentinfavorofbangingonthedeskwiththeirshoe.—metonymyLesson141.AmarketforknowingnessexistsinNewYorkthatdoesn’texistforknowledge.—paregmenon2.Thecondescendingviewfromthefiftiethfloorofthecity’scrowdsbelowcutsthesepeopleofffromhumanity.—transferredepithet3.Somuchofwell-to-doAmericanowlivesantisepticallyinenclaves,tranquilandluxurious,thatshutouttheworld.—synecdoche,metaphor