英专综合教程册课文翻译及课后答案Answertounit

RevisedbyBLUEontheafternoonofDecember12,2020.英专综合教程册课文翻译及课后答案AnswertounitIV.ChineseTranslationofParagraphs1.首先，我要强调的是，读书本应是一种享受。当然，为了应付考试或者获取信息，许多书我们不得不读，而我们从中却不可能得到任何愉悦。我们读这些书是出于教育的目的，至多希望自己对它的需要不至于使阅读的过程过于乏味。我们读这些书并非好之乐之，而是出于无奈。这当然不是我要谈的读书。要谈的读书。我接下去要谈论的书籍，既不能助您获得学位，也不能帮您谋生；既不能教您怎样驾驶帆船，也不能教您怎样启动熄火的车辆。然而，它们却可以让您生活得更为充实。不过，您必须喜欢读书才行，否则也无济于事。2.我这里所说的“您”，是指那些有闲的成年人，他们想读的不是非读不可的那些书。我指的不是书虫，因为书虫们自有读书之道。我这里只想谈些名着，那些很久以来广受推崇的杰作。我们理应都读过这些名着，遗憾的是这类人却为数甚少。有些名着不仅为优秀的批评家们所公认，文学史家也会有长篇大论，然而，今天的普通读者读之却味同嚼蜡。这些作品对研究者来说是重要的，然而，时移事易，人们喜好变更，如今这些书早已失其原味，要读完全凭意志。举例来说，我读过乔治·艾略特的《亚当·比德》，但我不能违心地说这个过程是愉悦的。我读它是出于义务，读完了自然如释重负。3.关于这类书籍，我无意置喙。每个人自有自己的评价和意见。不论学者们对某本书作何评价，即便他们众口如一，极尽溢美之词，除非您感兴趣，否则它与您毫不相干。不要忘记批评家也经常犯错，批评史上那些最着名的评论家的低级错误比比皆是。一本书对您价值几何，只有作为读者的您才是最终评判人。当然，这适用于我将要向您推荐的书籍。我们每个人都不可能与他人完全一样，至多只是相仿而已。因此，没有理由认为对我有益的书也正好对您有益。不过，读这些书让我觉得内心更加富有；倘若我没有读过的话，恐怕我就不会完全是今天的我了。所以我恳求您，倘若您在本文的诱惑之下去读我推荐的书，但却又读不下去，那就放下它们。得不到愉悦的东西，对您毫无用处。谁也没有义务去读什么诗歌、小说或者被称为“美文学”的杂文(真希望我知道这个词英语怎么说，但我认为英语里没有对应的词)。读书须有乐趣，但谁能断言某君中意之物，他人也必定趋之若鹜4.不要认为愉悦就是不道德。愉悦本身是件大好事，所有的愉悦都是好事，只是它后果各异，理智人士会回避某些愉悦的方式。愉悦也不一定是粗俗淫荡的。但凡发现心智上的愉悦是最为完美、最为持久的人，都是其时代的智者。因此，养成读书的习惯大有裨益。养成读书习惯，就是给自己营造逃避生活中几乎一切愁苦的庇护所。我说“几乎”，是因为我不想夸大其词，宣称读书可以缓解饥饿的折磨、消除单相思的痛苦；但是几本好看的侦探小说外加一个热水瓶足以使任何感冒患者津津有味地读下去。反之，如果硬要他去读味同嚼蜡的书，又有谁能养成那种为读书而读书的习惯呢5.为了方便起见，我将按年代顺序来罗列我要谈的书籍。不过倘若您决定要读这些书，则不一定非按这个顺序不可。我建议您最好还是随兴去读，您甚至不一定要读完一本再读另一本。就我而言，我更喜欢同时读四五本书。毕竟您每天的心情都会有变化，您也不可能一天二十四小时都热切地想读某一本书。我们必须适时调整。于是我很自然地采取了最适合自己的读书。早晨工作之前，我会读点科学或者哲学着作，因为这需要头脑清醒、思想集中。这开启了我一天的工作。完成工作之后，我觉得轻松，但又不想从事紧张的脑力活动，我便读历史、散文、评论或者传记；晚上我则读小说。小说。此外，我手头总有本诗集，以便兴致来了翻上几页；放在我床头的，则是那种可以随意翻阅、随时放下的书。这种书读之欣然，搁之泰然，可惜太难觅了。6.回顾上文，我发现我不止一次向您建议，不时地跳读实为明智之举。我觉得前面提到的书籍都非常重要，值得通读。但即便这类书籍，您如能行使跳读的权利，也将获得更大的愉悦。因为即便是伟大的作品，随着人们品味的变化，部分篇章也会变得枯燥乏味。今天，我们已不再理会18世纪推崇的说教式文章，也不再青睐19世纪钟爱的大段景物描写。当小说盛行现实主义时，作家们钟情于细节；而在走了很长的路之后，他们发现只有与主题相关的细节才有意思。学会如何跳读，也就学会了如何从阅读中获得益处和愉悦。但是对于如何学习跳读之法，我则无可奉告，因为我从来没有学会此项诀窍，我是个跳读能力很差的人。我唯恐跳读会漏掉有价值的信息，只好去啃那些令我厌烦的章节。而我一旦开始跳读，便打不住了，每次读完之后便开始自责，因为我意识到我没有充分享用这本书。而且我觉得与其这样，还不如干脆不读它。SectionFourConsolidationActivitiesI.TextComprehension1.Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'spurpose.Torecommendsomemasterpiecesforpleasurablereading.Toletthereaderssharehisexperienceofreading.Tourgetheexerciseofpersonaltasteintheselectionofwhattoreadfromthebooksheisgoingtorecommend.Key:[C]2.Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1).Ifbookscanfulfillyourutilitarianpurposes,youwillfindreadingthemenjoyable.[F]2).Allmasterpieces,duetotheirimportanceandvalueacknowledgedbycritics,shouldbegivenpriorityonreaders’booklists.[F]3).Thefirstcriterioninbook-selectionisthatthereadershouldgetpleasurefromhis/herreading.[T]4).Readinghabitsvaryfrompersontoperson,dependingonindividuals’preferences.[T]5).Theauthordoesnotbelieveinskipping,becauseheoftenworriesthathemayhavemissedsomethingimportantandvaluableinreadingasaresultofskipping.[F]II.WritingStrategies1)Readthefollowingsentencesthatarestructuredinaninvertedsequence.a.Suchbookswereadwithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.(Paragraph1)b.That,however,theycannotdounlessyouenjoyreadingthem.(Paragraph1)c.NowofsuchbooksasthisImeantosaynothing.(Paragraph3)d....buthowyouaretolearnitIcannottellyou...(Paragraph6)Trytogivethenormalorderofthesesentencesandcommentontheirstylisticfunctions.a.Normalsequence:Wereadsuchbookswithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.Function:Tocreateacloserrelationbetween“books”inthissentenceand“them”intheprecedingone.b.Normalsequence:However,theycannotdothatunlessyouenjoyreadingthem.Function:Toachieveemphasisbyputting“that”atthebeginningofthesentence.c.Normalsequence:NowImeantosaynothingofsuchbooksasthis.Function:Bothtoachieveemphasisandtocreateacloserrelationbetween“this”inthesentenceandwhathasbeendiscussedintheprecedingone.d.Normalsequence:...butIcannottellyouhowyouaretolearnit...Function:Bothtoachieveemphasisandtocreateacloserrelationbetween“it”inthesentenceand“toknowhowtoskip”intheprecedingone.2)WiththeexceptionofParagraphs1and4,theauthorsupplieshisownexperiencesinthesecondhalfofeachparagraphtoshedmorelightonthesuggestionsheputsforward.Readtheseexperiencesagain,andidentifytheauthor’sviewpoints.Theauthor’sviewpointsinvolvedinhispersonalexperiences:a.Theauthor’sexperienceinreadingGeorgeEliot’sAdamBede(Paragraph2)—toindicatethatmasterpiecesdonotnecessarilybringenjoymentinreading.b.Readingcertainbooksmakestheauthorfeelthericher(Paragraph3)—tosuggestthatwhatpleasesonepersondoesnotnecessarilypleaseanother.c.Theauthor’sreadinghabit(Paragraph5)—toadvisepeoplethattheyneedtoreadaccordingtotheirowninterests.d.Theauthor’sexperienceasabadskipper(Paragraph6)—toprovethatreadingcouldbemoreenjoyable,ifyouknowhowtoskip.III.LanguageWork1.Explaintheunderlinedpart(s)ineachsentenceinyourownwords.1).Suchbookswereadwithresignationratherthanwithalacrity.readwithunresistingacceptancebecauseweknowwehaveto;eagerness2).ThebooksIshallmentioninduecoursewillhelpyouneithertogetadegreenortoearnyourliving.later,aftertheseintroductoryremarks3).Iwishtodealonlywiththemasterpieceswhichtheconsensusofopinionforalongtimehasacceptedassupreme.foralongtimehavegenerallybeenacceptedasthemostimportantbooks4).Don’tforgetthatcriticsoftenmakemistakes—thehistoryofcriticismisfulloftheblundersthemosteminentofthemhavemade...fullofmistakes;famousandrespected5)....Iwouldnotgosofarastopretendthattoreadabookwillassuagethepangsofhungerorstillthepainofunrequitedlove...easethepainfulfeeling;kill6).Butwhoisgoingtoacquirethehabitofreadingforreading’ssake,ifheisbiddentoreadbooksthatborehimtoldto7).Itsetsmeofffortheday.warmsmeupandgetsmereadyforawholeday’swork8).Lateron,whenmyworkisdoneandIfeelatease,butnotinclinedformentalexerciseofastrenuouscharacter,Ireadhistory,essays,criticismorbiography...readyfor;atoilsome/difficultnature9)....IamawareIhavenotdoneitjustice...havenottreatedthebookinawaythatisfair10).IamapttothinkthatImightjustaswellneverhavereadit...tendto;itmighthavebeenequallygoodifIhadneverreadit(Note:itisaphraseusedtomeanthatanothercourseofactionwouldhaveanequallygoodresult.)2.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.1).Theyreceivedthenewswithresignation.(resign)2).Thecompanyhasbeguntochallengethesupremacy(supreme)ofthecurrentleadingmanufacturersinthetextilesindustry.3).Allfourproposalstothecommitteewereunanimously(unanimous)approved.4).Havingachievedeminence(eminent)asanactor,henowintendstoperformacomparablefeatinpolitics.5).Thispartofthelawisonlyapplicable(apply)tocompaniesemployingmorethanfivepeople.6).Themuseumhousesafascinatingmiscellany(miscellaneous)ofnauticaltreasures.7).I’mnotsureofthechronology(chronological)oftheevents.8).Thechildrensatlisteningattentively(attention)tothestory.9).Myowninclination(incline)wouldbetolookforanotherjob.10).Hestrenuously(strenuous)deniesalltheallegationsagainsthim.3.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithaphrasetakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.incline|resign|classas|withequanimity|robof|stalloff|apt|dipinto|applytoextract|dojusticeto|setoff1).Shedidn’treallydojusticetoherselfintheinterview.2.Heresignedfromthecompanytotakeamorechallengingjob.3).Alast-minuteinjuryrobbedmeofmyplaceontheteam.4).It’sthesortofbookyoucanjustdipintonowandagain.5).Thatbitoftheformisforforeigners—itdoesn’tapplytoyou.6).Nooneseemedinclinedtohelp.7).I’m17,butI’mstillclassedasachildwhenItravelbybus.8).She’sinhereightiesnowandapttobeabitforgetful.9).She’sfinallystoppedcrying—nowdon’tsetheroffagain.10).Theoilwhichisextractedfromolivesisusedforcooking.11).Thethiefbrokeintotheofficewhilehisaccomplicestalledoffthesecurityguard.12).Hereceivedthenewsofhismother’sdeathwithremarkableequanimity.4.Explainthemeaningoftheunderlinedpartineachsentence.1).Thereisasuprememomentattheendoftheopera.amomentwhichcausesgreatexcitement2).Theairwassostillthatnoteventheleavesonthetreesweremoving.Therewassolittlewind3).Hebadethemtoleaveatonce.orderedortold4).Ifsymptomspersist,seekmedicalattention.visitadoctor5).Thekitchenroofisapttoleakwhenitrains.likelyto6).Shefeltthatlifehadlostmostofitssavour.pleasureandinterest7).Somebodysetthealarmoff.madethealarmbellring8).Iinclinetodisagreewithyouonthatpoint.Imoredisagreethanagree9).I’veonlydippedintothebook.readafewpagesofthebook,notfromcovertocover10).Thewinnerhasbeendisqualifiedforcheating,sojusticehasbeendone.fairnesshasbeenachieved5.Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingpassage.Thepassagecontainstenerrors,oneineachindicatedline.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Correctionsshouldbedoneasfollows:Wrongword:underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectwordintheblank.Extraword:deletetheextrawordwithan“×.”Missingword:markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”andwritethemissingwordintheblank.JosephConradJosephConradledafascinatinglife.BorninPoland,hemovedaroundtheworldasasailorandeventuallysettledinEngland.Hemusthavebeenanexcellentlanguage’slearnerashesoonbecameafamousEnglishwriter.Hewrotealargenumberofshortstoriesandalotofnovels,mainlyaboutthesea.Manyalso,ashelivedaround1900,wereconcerned∧colonialism.NostromoexposedthewayWesterncapitalismsometimesexploitingthethirdworld,andLordJimwasaboutaship’sofficerwholosthishonorwhenheabandonedpassengersonasunkship.PerhapshismostfamousandpowerfulbookisTheHeartofDarkness.Adecentman,Marlow,issenttoinvestigatewhathashappenedtoKurtz,anivorytrader,basedalongwayuponeofthegreatAfricanrivers.Kurtz’sbehaviorhasbecomeincreasinglyodd,andhisemployerswanttoknowwhathashappened.AsMarlowtravelsuptotheriver,movingintotheheartofAfrica,throughthick,dangerousjungle,hefindshimselfalsotravelingintotheheartofdarkness,man’ssavageryandevilness.Butattheveryhearthefinds,notanAfrican,butKurtz,therepresentativeofwhitecivilization,whohasturnedhimselfoverintoagod-king,rulingoverhisowntribe.Terriblethingshappen,andeventuallythemadKurtzdieswhispering,“Oh,thehorror,thehorror.”Thestoryhasbeenfilmedforanumberoftimes,andwasusedbyCoppolaasthebaseforhisfilmApocalypseNow,astudyoftheAmericanpresentinVietnam.Itremainsapowerfulwarningofthedangerofsuperiority.languagewithexploitedsinking(5)to(6)evil(7)over(8)for(9)basis(10)presence6.FillineachblankinthepassagebelowwithONEappropriateword.TheBeautyofReadingAllgoodbookshaveonethingin(1)common—theyaretruerthaniftheyreally(2)happenedandafteryouhavefinishedreadingoneyouwillfeelthatallthathappenedtoyouandafterwards,itall(3)belongstoyou:thegoodandthebad,theecstasy,theremorseandsorrow,thepeopleandtheplacesandhowtheweatherwas.—ErnestHemingwayBooks,asweallknow,arethesteppingstonestohumanprogress,fortheyreflecttheworld’sgreatestminds.However,theyareonlygaudyornamentsonthe(4)shelvesuntilsomeonereadsthem.Soitisreadingthat(5)makesthedifference.Readingistothemindwhatfoodistothe(6)body,forittransformsthewaypeopleunderstandtheworld,invokesself-awarenessandhelpstofulfill(7)personalpotential.Readingunfoldsasketchoftherealworldinfrontofreaders’(8)eyes.Bookspresentthelandscapeandstoriesofthewholeworldbeyondthe(9)limitationsoftimeorspace.Andbyreading,readersgetto(10)knowexoticculturesandtraditions,enjoynumerousanecdotes,andeven(11)experiencethelegendarylifeoftheiridols.Inthisregard,reading(12)enablespeopletounderstandtheworldfromanewperspective.Readingmotivatespersonaldevelopment.Merely(13)sustaininglifeisavegetablestate.Thoroughly(14)livingliferequirescontinuousexplorationofmankinditself.Andreadingenhancespeople’scapacitytojudgethemselvesinamoralandrationalway,andthencorrecttheir(15)misunderstandingoftheconceptofthemselves.Readingdevelopspotential.Booksarethelegaciesthatgreatgeniusesleaveto(16)mankind.Andreadingprovidesreaderswithashortcutbywhichtheycanget(17)accesstotheirgreatminds.Thebeautyofreadingisjustlikethesunshine,illuminating(18)everything.Byreadingandgettingaccesstogreat(19)minds,readerstendtobeencouragedandenlightened,(20)whichnaturallymakeslifemoremeaningful.IV.Translation1.TranslatingSentencesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesgiveninbrackets.1).她欣然接受了那笔钱。(withalacrity)Sheacceptedthemoneywithalacrity.withalacrity:quicklyandwithenthusiasme.g.Sheacceptedwithalacrity.2).但是他并未能从胜利中获得满足，因为他发现有个无辜的男孩在战斗中被杀死了。(extract)However,hecouldextractnosatisfactionfromthevictory,becausehefoundthataninnocentboyhadbeenkilledinthebattle.extractvt.togetsomethingfromsomeoneorfromdoingsomething3).关于这一点，专家们的意见并不一致。(unanimous)Theexpertsarenotunanimousonthispoint.unanimousadj.aunanimousdecision,vote,agreementetcisonethateveryoneagreeswithandsupportse.g.Theboardmadeaunanimousdecisiontorejecttherecommendations.aunanimousvoteofconfidence4).人们说受良好教育的人在作重要决定时往往会犹豫再三。(aptto)Theysaythatwell-educatedpeopleareapttohesitatetoomuchbeforetheymakeimportantdecisions.beapttodosomething:tohaveatendencytodosomethinge.g.Theyareapttobecomealittlecarelessifyoudon'twatchthemcarefully.Thecarswereoldandapttobreakdown.5).尽管他已经晋升为总经理，但是他的权力欲望依然没有得到满足。(assuage)Despitehispromotiontogeneralmanager,hisdesireforpowerwasnotassuaged.assuagevt.tomakeanunpleasantorpainfulfeelinglesssevere6).只是又一首关于单恋痛苦的诗。(unrequited)It’sjustanotherpoemonthepainofunrequitedlove.unrequitedadj.ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonotloveyoueventhoughyoulovethem7).这部小说不完全是按年月顺序写的。(chronological)Thenovelisnotentirelywritteninachronologicalorder.chronologicaladj.ifyourloveforsomeoneisunrequited,theydonotloveyoueventhoughyoulovethem8).要充分欣赏这部电影，你就必须再看一遍。(dojusticeto)Youmustwatchthemovieagaintodoitjustice.dojusticeto:toshoworemphasizeallthegoodqualitiesofsomeoneorsomething9).那场悲剧三年之后，她才开始恢复平静。(equanimity)Shedidnotbegintoregainherequanimitytillthreeyearsafterthetragedyequanimityn.acalmmentalstatewhenyoudealwithadifficultsituatione.g.Heseemedtobefacingthefuturewithequanimity.10).如果你想喝杯咖啡的话，我们还有时间呢。(be/feelinclinedto)Thereisstilltimeifyoufeelinclinedtohaveacupofcoffee.be/feelinclinedto:tendingtobehaveinaparticularwayortobeinterestedinaparticularthinge.g.Mostanimalsareinclinedtorunwhentheyfeelthreatenedorfrightened.2.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.TheLifeIDesiredThatmustbethestoryofinnumerablecouples,andthepatternoflifeitoffershasahomelygrace.Itremindsyouofaplacidrivulet,meanderingsmoothlythroughgreenpasturesandshadedbypleasanttrees,tillatlastitfallsintothevastysea;buttheseaissocalm,osilent,soindifferent,thatyouaretroubledsuddenlybyavagueuneasiness.Perhapsitisonlybyakinkinmynature,stronginmeevennthosedays,thatIfeltinsuchanexistence,theshareofthegreatmajority,somethingamiss.Irecognizeditssocialvalue.Isawitsorderedhappiness,butafeverinmybloodaskedforawildercourse.Thereseemedtomesomethingalarminginsucheasydelights.Inmyheartwasdesiretolivemoredangerously.IwasnotunpreparedforjaggedrocksandtreacherousshoalsifIcouldonlyhavechange—changeandtheexcitementoftheunforeseen.参考译文：我渴望的生活这一定是世间无数对夫妻的生活写照，这种生活模式给人一种天伦之美。它使人想起一条平静的溪流，蜿蜒畅游过绿茵的草场，浓荫遮蔽，最后注入烟波浩渺的汪洋大海；但是大海太过平静，太过沉默，太过不动声色，你会突然感到莫名的不安。也许这只是我自己的一种怪诞想法，在那样的时代，这想法对我影响很深：我觉得这像大多数人一样的生活，似乎有点儿不对劲。我承认这种生活有社会价值，我也看到了它那井然有序的幸福，但我血液里的冲动却渴望一种更桀骜不驯的旅程。这样的安逸中好像有一种叫我惊惧不安的东西。我的心渴望一种更加惊险的生活。只要生活中还能有变迁——变迁以及不可知的刺激，我愿意踏上怪石嶙峋的山崖，奔赴暗礁满布的海滩。