考研考博-英语-沧州师范学院考试押题卷含答案篇详解

山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-沧州师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Thestatueofthedictatorwas______overbythecrowds.问题1选项A.toddledB.toppledC.aggrandizedD.aggregated【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.toddled蹒跚学步；闲逛，溜达B.toppled倒塌，倾倒；摇摇欲坠C.aggrandized增加；夸大；强化D.aggregated聚合，聚集【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据句子意思“独裁者的雕像被人群______”，结合选项意思可知，空格处填入“推倒”符合句意，且toppleover为固定搭配，示“推翻，倒塌”。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不符合句意。【句意】独裁者的雕像被群众推倒了。2.翻译题Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生动物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金块)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免费的东西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”【答案】【参考译文】现在，放大到我们现在的时代，把我们的互联网前通讯系统想象成原生动物。我们今天在网络空间所看到的——一切都在网上重新制定，从我们玩和学的方式到我们如何购买和交易股票——可能代表着一个转型世界的变化不亚于很久以前壮观的创造爆发。一个值得注意的不同之处是：原始生物没有一本指南来告诉它们该期待什么，以及如何应对即将到来的一些美好事物。然而，《有线》杂志的创始人，编辑凯文•凯利在最近出版的《新经济新规则》一书中给我们提供了这样一个指南。凯利写道：“这本书的主要前提是，指导软世界的原则——无形的世界、媒体的世界、软件的世界和服务的世界——将很快控制硬世界——现实的世界、原子的世界、物体的世界、钢铁和石油的世界，以及出卖劳动力的艰苦工作。”他说：“推动这一经济转型的因素是计算机的萎缩和通信的扩大”，并且补充道：“我们看到的仅仅是我们的世界向一个新的高科技全球经济转变时许多人将体验到的焦虑、失落、激动与成就的开端。”这听起来像是科技炒作吗？这一风格仅仅是凯利数落的那种激进的且往往违反直觉的“规则”。他采取的是一种格言式的而且还是联网的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流读者的兴趣，他们对这个数字化世界的发展前途多少都有点好奇。用凯利的话说，它很可能是“颠倒”的。例如，关于“通过巨大的沉默获得最可靠的聪明之道”的想法。本质上，这意味着微型电脑芯片，尽管它们本身相对“笨”，可以添加到数十亿的普通物品中，从而产生巨大的经济效益，比如从衬衫到苏打水罐等各种产品的实时购买模式。在我们都成长起来的传统供求世界中，价值来自稀缺，就像钻石、黄金和石油的世界一样，正如凯利正确地指出的，“力量来自富足”。“苹果”电脑公司悲剧性地未能理解这一原则，它放弃了它的图形电脑界面的销售许可，因为担心自己的市场份额会被微软更开放的视窗操作系统无情地侵占。这就引出了凯利的另一条定律：遵循自由。在原子的宇宙中，随着资源的消耗，生产成本越来越高。随着黄金的开采，天然金块一开始可能很容易找到，因此很便宜。但是当矿石颗粒必须从岩石中挤出时，黄金的价格就变得更贵了。但在凯利所说的“新秩序”中，“新秩序”是一种充分法则，它指导一家精明的公司，如网景公司，免费发布其网络浏览器，以销售辅助服务或产品。同样，昂贵的手机作为免费的东西提供，以获得电话服务合同。最后，凯利告诉我们环顾四周，看看世界在我们脚下已经发生了多大的变化。比如今日的美国农民，也许指甲盖里仍藏着些许污泥，但他的许多劳作都是在电子网络覆盖下进行的。他的拖拉机里的驾驶室有一个无线电话和一个卫星连接的GPS定位设备；他的家用电脑连接着无尽的天气数据、谷物市场和土壤中的水分探测器。《新经济规则》提示我们可以向五亿年前实现的生机勃勃的新生命学习。“在网络经济中取得成功所需的素质可以精简到以下方面：进入未知世界的设备。”3.单选题Inthebusinessworldtoday,Coca-Cola,alittlemorethanacenturyolditself,standsoutasthemostsuccessfulproductinthehistoryofcommerce.Peopleoneverycontinent,inalmosteverycountryoftheworld,arefamiliarwiththenameandtasteofthisworld-famoussoftdrink.Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.When,byaccidentordesign,carbonatedwaterwasaddedtothesyrup,itproducedadrinkthatwasdeclared“deliciousandrefreshing.”Thetrademark“Coca-Cola”wasregisteredintheU.S.PatentOfficeonJanuary31,1893.Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.Onegreatleapforwardcamein1894,whenJosephBiedenharnofVicksburg,Mississippi,impressedwiththedemandforthedrinkathissodafountain,installedbottlingmachineryandbegantosellcasesofCoca-ColatoplantationsandlumbercampsupanddowntheMissippiRiver.Today,theCoca-Colabottlingsystemisthelargest,mostwidespreadproductionanddistribution,net-workintheworld.In1916theuniquelyshapedbottle,designedbyaglasscompanyinTerreHuate,Indiana,wasdevelopedtoprotectCoca-Colafromimitations.Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.In1929adistinctivelyshapedfountainglassbecamestandardandhelpedtoadvertisethepopularityofthedrink.TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900,whenasonofthecompany’sfoundertookajugofsyrupwithhimonavacationtoEngland.ThesameyearCoca-ColatraveledtoCubaandPuertoRico,wherebottlingoperationssoonbegan,astheydidinPanama,thePhilippines,andGuam.ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928,whenanAmericanfreighterarrivedinAmsterdamcarryingtheUnitedStatesOlympicteamand1000casesofCoca-Cola.Fortythousandspectatorsfilledthestadiumtowitnesstwofirsts:thefirstlightingoftheOlympicflameandthefirstsaleofCokeatanOlympiad.ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ,when64bottlingplantswereshippedabroad(thefirstbeinginAlgiers)toprovidemorethan5billionbottlesofCokeforAmericanservicepersonnelinEuropeandthePacific.Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.TheworldwideappealofCoca-Colawasdramaticallydisplayedin1971,whenyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworldgatheredonahilltopinItalytosing“I’dliketobuytheworldaCoke”—presentingaunifyingglobalspirit.In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”(whichfirstappearedinTHESATURDAYEVENINGPOSTin1929)wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”Afewyearslater“HaveaCokeandaSmile”wasadded,andin1982thetheme“Cokeisit!”waslaunchedaroundtheworld,followedby“Can’tBeattheFeeling”inthelate1980s,and“Can’tBeattheRealThing”intheearly1990s.“ThePauseThatRefreshes”hascomealongwayin109years.1.WhatdidDr.JohnStythPembertondobeforehemadethe“deliciousandrefreshing”drink?2.Thedemandfortheproductgrew______throughcleveradvertising.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?4.Whendidthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydouble?5.Whichofthefollowingslogansdidnotmaketheirfirstappearanceinthe1980’s?问题1选项A.Hewasasoft-drinkdealer.B.Hewasanalcoholdealer.C.Hewasaphysician.D.Hewasapharmaceuticalchemist.问题2选项A.veryrapidlyB.steadilyC.slowlyD.unsteadily问题3选项A.Eachcardboardcartoncanholdsixbottlesofthedrink.B.ThegrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900.C.InFrance,thefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperation.D.TheOlympicsandCoca-Colaassociatedwitheachotherinthesummerof1928.问题4选项A.1920’s.B.1940’s.C.1960’s.D.1980’s.问题5选项A.“Cokeisit!”B.“CokeAddsLife.”C.“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”D.“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Coca-ColawasborninAtlantaonMay8,1886,whenDr.JohnStythPembertonproducedthesyrup,apharmacistnamed,accordingtolegend,inabrasspotinhisbackyard.（可口可乐于1886年5月8日诞生于亚特兰大，当时的药剂师约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在他后院的一个铜锅里制作了这种糖浆。），说明约翰•斯蒂斯•彭伯顿在发明可乐之前是一名药剂师。因此D选项“他是一名药剂师”正确。A选项“他是一名软饮料经销商”，B选项“他是一名酒类经销商”，C选项“他是一名医生”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Throughcleveradvertisingthedemandfortheproductgrewbyleapsandbounds.（通过巧妙的广告，对该产品的需求突飞猛进。），说明广告使得对可乐的需求猛增。因此A选项“非常迅速”正确。B选项“稳定”，C选项“缓慢”，D选项“不稳定”均不符合原文，所以B,C,D错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“每个硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料”，由原文Inthe1920sCoca-Colapioneeredinproducing“six-packs,”cardboardcartonsthatheldsixbottlesofthedrink.（20世纪20年代，可口可乐率先生产了“六瓶装”，即能装六瓶饮料的硬纸盒。）可知，这种硬纸盒可以装六瓶饮料，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营”，由原文ThefirstbottlingcompanyontheEuropeancontinentbeganoperationinFrancein1920.（欧洲大陆上第一家装瓶公司于1920年在法国开始运营。）可知，欧洲大陆上的第一家装瓶公司在法国开始运营，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“1928年夏天，奥运会和可口可乐公司开始有联系”，由原文Coca-ColaandtheOlympicsbegantheirassociationinthesummerof1928（可口可乐与奥运会的联系始于1928年夏天）可知，可口可乐与奥运会于1928年夏天开始联系，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“可口可乐的发展始于1900年”，由原文TheinternationalgrowthofCoca-Colabeganin1900（可口可乐的全球发展始于1900年）可知，是全球性发展始于1900年，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第七段ManypeopleoutsidetheUnitedStateshadtheirfirsttasteofCoca-ColaduringWorldWarⅡ…Inthenext20yearsthenumberofcountrieswithbottlingoperationsnearlydoubled.（许多美国以外的人第一次尝到可口可乐是在第二次世界大战期间……在接下来的20年里，拥有装瓶业务的国家数量几乎翻了一番。），第二次世界大战是在二十世纪四十年代，那么之后的20年就是二十世纪六十年代，说明拥有装瓶业务的国家数量在二十世纪六十年代几乎翻了一番。因此C选项“二十世纪六十年代”正确。A选项“二十世纪二十年代”，B选项“二十世纪四十年代”，D选项“二十世纪八十年代”均不符合题意，所以A,B,D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段第一句In1976thewell-knownadvertisingslogan“ThePauseThatRefreshes”wasjoinedbyanewslogan:“CokeAddsLife.”（1976年，著名的广告语“ThePauseThatRefreshes”被加入了一个新的广告语：“CokeAddsLife”。），说明“CokeAddsLife”这个广告语出现在二十世纪七十年代，而不是八十年代。因此B选项“CokeAddsLife.”正确。A选项“Cokeisit!”，C选项“Can’tBeattheFeeling.”，D选项“HaveaCokeandaSmile.”都是在二十世纪八十年代首次出现的，所以A,C,D错误。4.单选题ModernlorehasitthatinEnglanddeathisimminent,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal.Wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish，evenunderoptimalconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel，yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’sfutile.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Avastindustrypushedforaggressiveandexpensivetherapyforprostatecancer,despitealackofdemonstrablebenefitformanypatients.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.Meanwhile,thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.In1950theUnitedStatesspent$12.7billion,or4.4percentofgrossdomesticproduct,onhealthcare.In2002thecostwillbe$1.54trillion—nearly14percentofGDP,byfarthelargestpercentagespentbyanydevelopedcountry.Anyonecanseethatthistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Someethicistsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldn’tgothatfar.Notlongagosimilarargumentswereusedtojustifymandatoryretirementagesasyoungas55foremployeesinindustry,academiaandgovernment.Themessagewas“Stepaside—Iwantyourdeskandyourpaycheck.’’Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond，andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s，andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethemaladiesthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iaspiretoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit,orshould.I’vewatchedasthelivesofmyfamilymembersandfriendshavebeenpainfullyprolonged.It’sastarkcontrastwiththeinexpensiveandcompassionatedeathsofmyparentsagenerationago.Asamedicalconsumer，ImaywantMedicaretobuymemultiplecoronarybypassoperationsoradesperateroundofbone-marrowtransplantation.Asataxpayingcitizen,Iknow—intellectually，ifnotemotionally—thatthevalueofsuchmeasuresmustbeweighedagainstothersocialgoods，suchashousing，defenseandeducation.Andasaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare，haveachievedlonger，healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeoples’lives.Forexample，thefieldofalternativeandcomplementarymedicinereceivesjusta5percentchunkoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudget.Tocreateahumanesystemofhealthcare,wemustacknowledgethatdeathanddyingarenotthemselvestheenemies.Asthepost-WorldWarIIBritishepidemiologistArchieCochraneonceobserved,curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers—iswidespread.Cochraneworriedthatbypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare.Medicinecanaccomplishgreatthingsforthegenerationnowpassing50,butonlyifwe’rewiseenoughnottoasktoomuchofit.1.People’sdifferentattitudestowardsdeathshowthat_____.2.Thebesthealthcare_______.3.Palliativecareprovidedinhospices_______.4.Thegovernmentwithfiniteresourceshadbetter_______.5.Whatpatientsneedmostis_______.问题1选项A.peopleinothercountriesdon’thaveagreathealth-caresystemasAmericansdoB.Americansrelytoomuchontheirhealth-caresystemeventochallengedeathC.AmericansareoptimisticD.palliativecareworkswondersinAmericans问题2选项A.canevenchangeourgeneticprogramstoprolongourlivesB.canguaranteetheoldanunimaginablelifeofhighqualityC.shoulddoeverythingpossibletosavethepatients’lifeD.haslimitstowhatitcandoandshoulddo问题3选项A.isnotthoughtmuchofbecauseitdoesn’tcurepatientsB.needsmuchmoremoneythanhealthcareandisunsustainableC.isforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtostayinhospitalforalongtimeD.shouldbeattachedmoreimportance问题4选项A.balanceitsbudgetforresearchintocuresandthatintotherapiesthatcanhelppeoplelivehealthierandhappierlivesB.stoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondage83sothatyoungerandhealthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotentialC.makeitarulethatpeopleinindustry,academiaandgovernmentwhoareover55shouldretireD.spendlessonhealthandmoreonhousing，defenseandeducation问题5选项A.asolutiontotheproblemofdeathB.courage,optimismandsympathyforothersC.attention,careandreassurancefromfriendlyphysiciansandcaregiversD.agreathealth-caresystemthatcanprovidethemthemostexpensiveandbesttherapies【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced，clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.”，可知美国人寿命延长的原因是医疗技术的进步，文章第一句提到英国和加拿大人对待死亡是不可避免的态度，所以可推断，美国的医疗系统要比其他国家更好，这也是人们对待死亡态度不同的原因。选项A符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.”，可知即使是好的医疗体系也不能抵抗死亡，所以最好的医疗体系也有局限性，不是什么都能实现的。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient”，可知因为医生对自己无法治愈疾病感到沮丧，并且担心病人失去希望，实施了这种癌症晚期治疗。根据文章第三段第一句，“thekindofpalliativecareprovidedinhospicesistaughtderogatorilytomedicalstudentsasatreatmentoflastresort.”，可知这种临终治疗是不得已时使用的最终手段。综上可推断出，因为这种治疗方式不能治愈疾病，所以不被重视。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“…bypursuingcuresatallcost,wewouldrestrictthesupplyofcarethatpatientscanreceive.Thisispreciselythecrisisofcontemporarymedicine:billionsforcures,andpenniesforcare...”，可知如果把所有花费用于追求疾病的治愈上，那么病人受到的关怀就会受到限制。所以不能偏差太大，太多用于疾病治愈，太少用于关怀是医疗面临的危及。可推断作者提倡平衡分配，选项A符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…curesinmedicinearerare,buttheneedfor“care”—attentionandreassurancefromapproachable,sympatheticphysiciansandcaregivers…”，可知疾病的治愈是少见的，更需要的是医生和照顾者的关怀。选项C符合题意。5.单选题Accesstoaffordableandreliableenergysuppliesisanecessary（ ）toeconomicdevelopmentandpovertyreduction.问题1选项A.facilityB.premiumC.prerequisiteD.feasibility【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。facility意为“设备”；premium意为“额外费用”；prerequisite意为“先决条件，前提，必要条件”；feasibility意为“可行性”。句意：获得负担得起、可靠的能源供应是经济发展和贫困减少的必要先决条件。6.单选题Youwillhavetoworkhardto（ ） thetimeyoulost.问题1选项A.makeuseofB.makeupforC.makewayofD.makeroomfor【答案】B【解析】makeuseof利用；makeupfor弥补,补偿；makewayfor让路,为...开路；makeroomfor为...腾出空位。句意:你必须努力工作来弥补你失去的时间。选项B符合句意。7.翻译题  Mydictionarydefineshappyas“lucky”or“fortunate”,butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment.”Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeingloved,thecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,evengoodhealth.  Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidscamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequirtoftheday.Later,peacedescendedagain,andmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure—intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy.【答案】  我的字典把幸福定义为“幸运”或“好运”。但是我想幸福更好的定义是“享受的能力”。我们越能享受所拥有的一切，我们就越快乐。我们很容易忽视从爱与被爱、朋友的陪伴、住在想住的地方的自由，甚至健康的身体中获得的快乐。  我一下我昨天的幸福时刻：首先是我合上最后一个午餐饭盒，独自在家时，我感到无比幸福；然后过了一个写作不受干扰的上午，这令我愉快；等到孩子们回家，我享受安静的一天过后他们吵闹的声音。不久，宁静再次降临，我和丈夫享受另一种快乐——亲密。有时候，只要想到他需要我，就能给我带来快乐。8.不定项选择题SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcoloniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-century.ProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallypreventedsuchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomicopportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed-thattotalkaboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategoriessuchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignationslike“thebettersort”.Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfewi