2019高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选练（6）（含解析）

2019一轮阅读理解选练（6）李仕才AIllegallytradedendangeredspeciesthatescape,formingsecondarypopulations,offerhopetotheirlong-termsurvival,astudysuggests."ThisfirstcametomyattentionwhenIreadanewsstoryabouttheseizureofanillegalshipmentof23yellowcrestedcockatoos(小葵花凤头鹦鹉),"saidLukeGibson,acollegeteacher.Helearnedthatthespecieswascriticallyendangered,whichsurprisedhim.ThisencouragedDr.Gibsonandhiscolleaguetoinvestigate(调查)howacriticallyendangeredspecieshadbecomeself-sustainingoutsideofitsnaturalrange.Theydiscovered49casesofagloballythreatenedspeciesbecomingestablishedasaseparatepopulation,whichtheyhadn’tthoughtof,includingtheyellow-crestedcockatoointheircity."Thisisaspecieswhichisprimarilythreatenedbywildlifetrade,"hetoldBBCNews."Poachers(偷猎者)gooutintotheforestinitsnativerangeineasternIndonesiaandcapturethebirdandthenshipthemoff,usuallyuptoourcitywherethereisastrongdemandforpetbirds.Thisiswhathasfueledthedeclineofthisspeciesinitsnativerange.Butit'sreallyinterestingbecausethatsamecausealsohadanothereffect:someofthepeoplewhowerekeepingthisspecieshereaccidentallyorintentionallyreleasedthem.”Asaresultofenoughofthebirdssetfree,itallowedanewself-sustainingpopulationtobeestablishedinthiscity.ThegovernmentinofDr.Gibson’scityhasmadeitillegaltocapturethespecies,eventhoughitisanon-nativespecies.Becausethecityisaffluentandrelativelywelleducated,thecasesofpeoplebreakingthelawareextremelyrare,explainedDrGibson,unlikeinitsnativerangeinIndonesia,wherecapturingbirdsformsamajorsourceofincome.However,therecanbedownsides(缺点)tothenewlyestablishedpopulationofendangeredspecies,suchasalimitedgeneticpool,andsufferingfromnoveldiseases.Itdidalsopresentapossible“veryinteresting”opportunityforconservationists,Dr.Gibsonsuggested.Thiswouldinvolve"harvesting"someofthenewlyestablishedsecondarypopulation,whichmayprovideawaytohelpslowglobalbiodiversityloss.1.WhatwasbeyondGibson’sexpectationsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Thehighrateofwildlifetrade.B.Thepreciousnessofthebirds.C.Thefactthatthebirdsnearlydisappear.D.Thenewsthatthebirdswerepoached.2.Whathappenedunexpectedlywhenthebirdswereshippedabroad?A.Theyformedaseparatepopulation.B.Theywerekeptaspetbirds.C.Theyweretradedillegally.D.Theywerekilledforresearch.3.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“affluent”?A.Peace-loving.B.Rich.C.Free.D.Environment–friendly.4.Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage?A.Toappealtoeveryonetostopthewildlifetrade.B.Toexplainthechallengethewildbirdsarefacing.C.Tointroduceacreativeapproachtowildlifeconservation.D.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingendangeredspecies.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是一项研究表明逃跑的非法交易的濒危物种形成了次级群体，为它们的长期生存提供了希望，也呈现了野生生物保护的一种可能的方法。1.C【解析】细节理解。根据第一段最后一句话Helearnedthatthespecieswascriticallyendangered,whichsurprisedhim.可知他没有料到的是这些鸟是非常濒危的物种，与C项一致，故选C。2.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句话可知有些养这种鸟的人偶然地或者故意地放了它们，由此在这个城市里形成了单独的自我维持数量的鸟，故选A。4.C【解析】观点态度题。根据最后一段最后两句话Itdidalsopresentapossible“veryinteresting”opportunityforconservationists,Dr.Gibsonsuggested.Thiswouldinvolve"harvesting"someofthenewlyestablishedsecondarypopulation,whichmayprovideawaytohelpslowglobalbiodiversityloss.可知本文作者是为了介绍野生生物保护的一种创新的方法，故选C。B(2015·山西大学附中第五次月考)Paperisacheapandaccessiblemediumthatcanproducebeautifulresults.Tomostpeople，makingapaperplanecouldbeoneofthesimplestthingstodo.It’sthesimplestandeasiestformofpaperart.AndpaperartcanbetracedbacktoJapan,whereitoriginatedoverathousandyearsago.However,there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel，magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.Checkoutthefollowingartistsandtheirworks!TheDanishartistPeterCallesenisfamousforhistalentincombiningtheminimalism(极简的)ofawhitesheetofpaperwiththecomplexityofcarefullycutandfoldedpaperandusesthetwotobuildoutsomepleasingworks.TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores—tolookformaterialswithwhichshecancarveoutdelicatesculptures.Themodelslookasifthey“grow”naturallyfromthepagesofthebooks.Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinsideandthenspendsmonthscarefullyslicingeachoneintoaneye­catchingpapermodel.Heroldbooksculpturessellforupto￡5，000each.Bycarefullyfoldingsimplepiecesofpaper,GermanartistSimonSchubertcreatesamazingmasterpieces.Heturnspaperintoarchitecturalmasterpiecesbyfoldingasimplepieceofpapertoshapethecreases(褶痕),thenunfoldingittoshowthefascinatingartwork.Anothermasterofpaper­foldingisJenStark.Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic(地形的)maps.Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknife,sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic，complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes.Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature.1．Accordingtothepassage,paperart________．A．isaboutplane­foldingB．ismostprosperousinJapanC．datesbackto1000B．C.D．isnowonanewlevel2．TheBritishartistmentionedinthepassage________．A．combinestheminimalismandcomplexityofpaperB．oftengetsinspiredbysecondhandbooksC．makesarchitecturalmasterpieceswithSimonSchubertD．isamagicianwhousessimplepapermaterials3．Accordingtothepassage,JenStark________．A．isfromGermanyB．usespapertobuildcomplicatedshapesC．createsthingstoopuzzlingtounderstandD．worksalsoasamagician4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humble”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Commonandpopular.B．Simpleandcheap.C．Uselessandpriceless.D．Numbandmeaningless.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。纸艺术历史悠久，当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度。本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家。1．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However，there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel，magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.”可知，现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品，将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平。故答案选D。2．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores...Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinside”可知，文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到灵感。故答案选B。3．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic，complicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes”可知，JenStark可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的艺术作品。故答案选B。4．解析：选B。词义猜测题。“humble”后面的“constructionpaperandglue”意为“美术纸和胶水”，且和下文“fantastic，complicatedsculptures”形成对比可知，美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品；由此可推知，“humble”的意思应为“简单的，便宜的”。故答案选B。CIrecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalachievements.Anewspaperreporterinterviewedhimwhyhewasabletobesomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson.Whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?Herespondedthatitallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeentryingtoremoveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhedroppedtheslipperybottle,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor—arealseaofmilk!Whenhismothercameintothekitchen，insteadofshoutingathim,givinghimalectureorpunishinghim,shesaid,“Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepoolofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup？”Indeed,theboydid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.Howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge(海绵)，atoweloramop.Whichdoyouprefer？”Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespilledmilk.Hismotherthensaid，“Youknow，whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let'sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucanfindawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldmakeit.Whatawonderfullesson!Thisfamousscientistthensaidthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时，这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课，从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性。1．Whenthemotherfoundthekitchenfloorcoveredwithmilk,she________.A.gavetheboyalectureinsteadofshoutingathimB.praisedtheboyinsteadofpunishinghimC.feltsatisfiedwiththeboy'stryingtohelphimselfD.calmeddowntheboyandhelpedhimfindawaytocleanthefloor答案：D。事实细节题。由第三、四、五段的可知，妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后，首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来，然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法，故选D。2．Thechild'sexperienceresultedinthefollowingBUT________.A.offeringtheboyachancetograspthebottleB.benefitingtheboyallhislifeC.helpingtheboybemorecreativeD.makingtheboyrealizethemistakeisofvalue答案：A。推理判断题。由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时，他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确；由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值，故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果，故答案选A。3．Accordingtothepassage,thewaythescientist'smotherusedis________.A.instructiveB.strictC.formalD.strange答案：A。推理判断题。通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义。故选A。4．Thepurposeofthepassageistoshow________.A.ausualwaytocultivateachildB.ascientist'smedicalachievementsC.amother'swisewayofhelpingherchildD.theadvantagesofmakingmistakes答案：C。推理判断题。总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法，故选C。D(2015·河北衡水中学二模)Theearthprovidesuswithalmosteverythingthatweneedtoeat,sleep,workandentertain.Todoallthis,weusetheearth’sresources.Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.Atthesametime,wealsocreateagreatdealofwasteandpollution.Sowealsoneedtothinkabouthowmuchlandweusetodealwiththatwaste.Thentwothingshappen：first，largenumbersoftheworld’spopulationgetmuchlessresourcesthantheyneedtolive；second,theearthisdamaged.Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.Theyshowwhoselifestylesareaburdenontheearthandwhoselifestylesarenot.Becauseafewpeopleeatupmostoftheearth’sresources,themajorityhavetobeartheconsequences—likepollution.Thisistheecologicalfootprintsthattheearthkeepsinitsmemory.Someyearsago,afamousexpert,calledWilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.Today,thisideahasbecomelikeamagnifyingglass(放大镜)．Itallowsustoseewhetherwearelivinglivesinawaythatkeepstheearthinareasonablygoodshape.Oncetheearthgoesoutofshape,thereisnohopeforhumanbeings.CountriesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadahavebigecologicalfootprints.ReescalculatedthattheaverageamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyaCanadianiswhatalandof4.3hectarescanproduce.Indiahasafootprintof0.4.ThismeansthattheenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyanIndianiswhat0.4hectaresoflandcanproduce.Butifwelookmorecarefully，wewillfindthatevenwithinIndia,thefootprintsofthecityIndianaremuchlargerthantheruralIndian.1．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?A．FootprintsontheEarthB．HowtoProtecttheEarthC．FootprintsofWildAnimalsD．HowtoReducePollutionontheEarth2．Ourfootprintsontheearthreferto________．A．thecitieswebuildB．thecultureswecreateC．themarksweleaveonroadsbehindusD．theresourcesweuseandthewasteweproduce3．Accordingtothetext,richpeople________．A．shouldgivemoremoneytothepoorB．areusingtoomanyresourcesC．arehelpingthepoortolivebetterlivesD．shouldliveinruralareaswiththepoor4．WelearnfromthetextthatRees________．A．putforwardtheideaoftheecologicalfootprintsB．thoughthighlyoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaC．thoughtIndiawasanextremelypoorcountryD．thoughtrichpeoplemadegreatcontributionstosociety【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。1．解析：选A。标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句主题句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项意为“地球上的脚印”，适合做标题。故答案选A。2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量。故答案选D。3．解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower，theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。4．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Someyearsago...WilliamRees，developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.”可知，答案选A。EWhenyoudon’thaveanythingplannedforthedayorit’srainyoutsideandyourchildrenarestuckinthehouse,whynotsitaroundandtellthemriddles（谜语）?Tellingriddleswillmakeyourfamilylaughandsometimesevenscratchtheirheads,tryingtofigureoutwhattheansweris.Riddleshavebeenapastimeforcenturies.Notonlyhaveriddlesbeensomethingforpassingthetime,buttheyhavealsobeenusedtopassonsecretinformationduringtheSecondWorldWar.EventheancientGreeksusedriddles.Theywouldtellriddlesatpartiesandwhoeverwasthefirsttogetthemrightwouldreceiveprize.Mostriddlesusewordsthathavedoublemeaningsorsharethesamesoundlike“hear”and“here”.Soinordertogettheriddle,youwillhavetodosomecreativethinkingandthinkofallthepossibilitiesofdifferentwords.Thedifficultyoffiguringouttheriddleisbasedontheriddleitself.Theriddlehastoprovideyouwithenoughcluestocometotherightanswer,butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheclueshavetobeeasy.Ifyouarelookingtotellriddlesbutdon’tknowany,youcanlookonlineandyouwillfindalargenumberofsitesthatwillhavehundredsofdifferentriddlestochoosefrom.Ifyouwouldliketolooksomewhereelsethenyoucouldlookatyourlocalbookstore,whereyouwillbeabletofindmanydifferentbookswiththousandsofriddlestochoosefrom.Youcanevenfindwebsitesandbooksthatwilltellyouhowtowriteyourownriddles.Afteryouhavefoundsomeresourcesthathavedifferentriddles,youwillneedtoreadthroughthemtofindtherightonesforyouandyourfamily:Youwillalsoneedtomakesurethatyourkidswillhaveachancetofigureouttheanswers.Sotakeyourtimeandchoosethefightfamilyriddlestotell.1．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torecommendaninterestingfamilyactivity.B.Tostresstheimportanceoffamilyactivities.C.Toencouragechildrentoreadmorebooks.D.Tointroducethehistoryofriddles.2．Fromthetextweknowthatriddles_______.A.donothaveenoughcluesB.haveaverylonghistoryC.wereusedinWorldWarOneD.werefirstusedinancientRome3．InParagraph3,theauthormainly________.A.discusseshowriddlesarecreatedB.explainswhyfiddlesareinterestingC.tellspeoplehowtosolveriddlesD.showsthebenefitsoftellingriddles4．Tocollectriddles,theauthorsuggests________.A.onewayB.twowaysC.threewaysD.fourways试题：本文介绍了一种古老的消磨时间的方法riddles。并告诉我们猜谜的方法以及找到这些字谜的地方。1．A推理题。根据文章第一段1,2行Whenyoudon’thaveanythingplannedforthedayorit’srainyoutsideandyourchildrenarestuckinthehouse,whynotsitaroundandtellthemriddles?可知本文中作者向我们推荐了一种猜谜的游戏。故A正确。2．B细节题。根据文章第二段第一句Riddleshavebeenapastimeforcenturies.可知这种游戏已经存在了很长时间了。故B正确。3．C推理题。根据文章第三段Soinordertogettheriddle,youwillhavetodosomecreativethinkingandthinkofallthepossibilitiesofdifferentwords.Thedifficultyoffiguringouttheriddleisbasedontheriddleitself.Theriddlehastoprovideyouwithenoughcluestocometotherightanswer,butthatdoesn’tmeanthattheclueshavetobeeasy.可知本段告诉我们的是猜出这些字谜的方法，就是要运用字谜里出现的线索。故C正确。4．B细节题。根据文章倒数第二段Ifyouarelookingtotellriddlesbutdon’tknowany,youcanlookonlineandyouwillfindalargenumberofsitesthatwillhavehundredsofdifferentriddlestochoosefrom.Ifyouwouldliketolooksomewhereelsethenyoucouldlookatyourlocalbookstore,可知作者告诉了我们两种猜字谜的方法，一种是到网络上寻找。一种是到当地的书店里找。一共有两种方法。故B正确。考点：考察说明文PAGE1