意外的惊喜_初二记叙文作文400字

会计学1高中英语必修三unit全单元资料1.intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后；终于intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。I’llseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节拍Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。第2页/共86页beharmfulto对…有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todo…Itdoesnoharnforyoutoopenthewindow.Thereisnoharmin(sb.’s)doingsth.Thereisnoharmin(your)openingthewindow.2.第3页/共86页3.multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.2)2and5multiplytomake10.4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.3)6multipliedby5is30.=Multiply6by5tomake30.第4页/共86页4.preventsbfrom(doing)sth=stopsbfromdoingsth"阻止...做...”在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不行。Howtoprevent/stopthis(from)happening.Itsnationalsmaybeprevented/stoppedfromleavingthecountry.keepsbfromdoingsth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。“阻止...做...”,如果省略from,意思为"让某人一直做某事"Hekeptmefromgettinghurt.Hekeptmedoinghomework.第5页/共86页5.puzzlen.谜；难v.（使）迷惑；（使）为难It'spuzzlesme.feel/bepuzzledaboutsth.对某事感到迷惑puzzleover/aboutsth.对某事苦苦思索这个字母使我迷惑不解。Thisletterpuzzlesme.‚她对她的未来感到迷惑。Shefeltpuzzledaboutherfuture.ƒ他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。Hepuzzledover/aboutamathproblemlastnight.puzzlingadj.使迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑的；困惑的第6页/共86页6.breakoutvt.&vi.（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生，爆发;突然发生，爆发;向外砸开;也可以示突然大声叫喊等。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.Afirebreakoutlastnight.Shebrokeout,“Thatistoounfair!”takeplace表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.第7页/共86页happen作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如：Astormhappenedacrosstheriverinanothercountry.occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。例如：Whathasoccurred?(=Whathashappened?)comeabout表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例如：WhenMotherwokeup,shedidn'tknowwhathadcomeabout.第8页/共86页Reading第9页/共86页What’sthemeaningoftheword“Astronomy”?I.Warmingup行星thescienceofstars;2.Doyouknowthefollowingterms?star,planet,thesun/moon/earth,solarsystem太阳系3.Howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem?8恒星第10页/共86页PlutoScientistsnowthinkPlutoistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.第11页/共86页4.Doyouknowthecorrectorderoftheirdistancetothesun?nearesttothesun?farthesttothesun?第12页/共86页5.Thenamesofeightplanets.Mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]VenusEarthMarsJupiter[ˈdʒu:pɪtə]Saturn [ˈsætən]Uranus [ˈjʊərənəs]Neptune [ˈnepˌtu:n,-ˌtju:n]1)水星2)金星3)地球4)火星5)木星6)土星7)天王星8)海王星第13页/共86页Inthisunit,we’lllearnsomethingmorescientific.1.What’sthetitleofthetext?2.Fromthetitle,wecanpredictthatthetextmaytellustheoriginoflifeontheearth.Doyouknowsomestoriesaboutit?Howlifebeganontheearth第14页/共86页Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.第15页/共86页Nvwamadehumans.第16页/共86页1.Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?3.Whatmadeuptheearth’satmosphere4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?5.What’sthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?第17页/共86页1.Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?Ithappenedseveralbillionyearsago.ScanningReadthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.第18页/共86页2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?Theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.3.Whatmadeuptheearth’satmosphereaftertheearthexploded?Carbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases.第19页/共86页4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?Astheearthcooleddownafteritexploded,watercameintobeing.第20页/共86页5.What’sthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.第21页/共86页6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?oxygen.7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?Thedisappearanceofdinosaursmadethepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.第22页/共86页8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?Theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.第23页/共86页ClosereadingI.Readthepassagecarefullyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.第24页/共86页Para.1Theformation(形成)oftheearth.Para.2Theimportanceofwaterforlife.Para.3Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.4Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.第25页/共86页DetailedreadingStage1:ThedevelopmentoftheearthStage2:Thedevelopmentoflife(para1—3)(para4—5)第26页/共86页Stage1:Thedevelopmentoftheearth(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?acloudofdustasolidglobe第27页/共86页explodedwithfireandrockproducedwatervapourandgases(2)Whathappenednext?第28页/共86页(3)Whatdidthewatervapourandgasesform?theearth’satmosphere第29页/共86页Waterappeared(4)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?waterisimportantforthebeginningoflifeontheearth.第30页/共86页Whyiswatersoimportantforthebeginningoflife?Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintooceansandseas.？第31页/共86页Stage2Thedevelopmentoflife第32页/共86页smallplantsappearsinwater1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?第33页/共86页Shellfishandallsortsoffish2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?第34页/共86页greenplantsbegantogrowonlandinsectsappeared3.Whataboutthelifeonland?第35页/共86页amphibiansonlandandinthewaterforests4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?第36页/共86页reptilesappeareddinosaurdeveloped5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?第37页/共86页mammalsonland6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?第38页/共86页smallcleveranimals7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?第39页/共86页1.Whoarethesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeet?2.Aretheytakingcareoftheearthwell?Why??第40页/共86页Becausetheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.第41页/共86页Canyoufillintheblanks?23456789101smallplantsinwatershellfishandallsortsoffishinsectsreptilesamphibiansmammalsdinosaurshumansplantsanimalsGreenplantsonlandforests第42页/共86页1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBand”.12.Mammalsappeared.831091151741262Canyouputtheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline?Ex.2onP27第43页/共86页III.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingform.TimeWhathappenedBigBang______begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Atoms第44页/共86页Between4.5and3.8billionyearsago●Dustsettledintoasolidand______globe.●Theearthexplodedtoproduceits___________.●Thecontinued________ofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesand_____intotheoceansandseas.violentatmospherepresenceacids第45页/共86页Manymillionsofyearslater●Thefirstsmallplantsonthesurfaceofthewaterproduced_______.●Early_______andallsortsoffishappeared.●Greenplantsbegantogrowonland.●Insectsand___________appeared.oxygenshellfishamphibians第46页/共86页Manymillionsofyearslater●________appearedandtheylaideggs.●Dinosaursdeveloped,laideggsand_______formorethan140millionyears.●Mammalsroseand____________babies.Reptilesexistedgavebirthto第47页/共86页About2.6millionyearsago●Somesmall______animalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadallovertheearth.NowHumansproducetoomuchcarbon_______,makingtheearthtoohot.cleverdioxide第48页/共86页IV.True(T)orFalse(F).1.TheearthappearedbeforetheBigBanghappened.2.Theoriginalatmosphereconsistedofnitrogenandoxygen.3.Themaindifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsisthatthereiswaterontheearth.4.Lifebeganinwaterandthenonland.FFTT第49页/共86页5.Mammalsappearedbeforethedevelopmentofdinosaurs.6.Dinosaurscouldgivebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.7.Humanbeingsproducetoomuchcarbondioxidewhichcausestheglobalwarmingontheearth.8.Accordingtothetext,humanbeingswoulddisappearintheend.FFTF第50页/共86页宾语从句ObjectClause表语从句Predicative主语从句SubjectClasuse同位语从句AppositiveClause名词性从句NounClause从句一律保持陈述语序。主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句第51页/共86页名词性从句 　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause第52页/共86页Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第53页/共86页                             主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：连接词：that(无词义)whetherThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.连接代词:who(ever)whomwhat(ever)which(ever)whoseWhowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.连接副词：whenwherehowwhyWhenandwherethetestwillbegivenisnotdecided.第54页/共86页1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue2.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itistruethattheearthisround.结构：Attention第55页/共86页　a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…　　　有必要……Itisimportantthat…　　　重要的是……Itisobviousthat…　　　　很明显……b.It+be+p.p.+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…　　　　人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…　　从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…　已决定……　第56页/共86页c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…　　事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…　　　　似乎……Ithappensthat…　　　　碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……第57页/共86页2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion3.有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.第58页/共86页4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。e.g.Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet..注意：以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。Whathewantstobuyarethreebooksandtwopens.第59页/共86页1.Itisobvioustothestudents____theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that2.____wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who练一练！第60页/共86页3.Itisnotimmediatelyclear____thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether练一练！第61页/共86页____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.ThepersonC.Whoever D.Who_____thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It第62页/共86页                                             宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词：that(无词义)whetherife.g.Idon’tknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.连接代词：what(ever)who(ever)whosewhich(ever)等连接副词：whenwherehowwhy等第63页/共86页特别提示1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。I’mgladthatyouhavepassedtheexam.2.有些词或词组如hate,love,enjoy,dislike,feellike,appreciate,take(认为),relyon,don’tmind等，习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语，再接宾语从句。Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.第64页/共86页3.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。IthinkitnecessarythatItakeplentyofwatereveryday.4.某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist，order，request，suggest等。Isuggestedthatwe(should)startbefore5o'clock.第65页/共86页5.必须用whether引导，不可用if:1). 从句后有or not 时，不可用if:Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.2). 介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.3).后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4).discuss后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagineyouareinthissituation,anddiscusswhetheryoushoulddosomethingatonce.第66页/共86页5)主语从句放在句首Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.6）表语从句和同位语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetthereontime.7)当it做形式主语whether/if都可引导主语从句Ithasntbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.第67页/共86页6.用who，whom,which(ever),whose,when,what(ever),where,why,how,whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。第68页/共86页7.think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。第69页/共86页如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：Idon'tbelieveshehasbeentoAustralia,hasshe?我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？Idon'tbelievethathecantranslatethisbook,?Shethinksthatherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam,？canhedoesn’tshe第70页/共86页Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑定句中用thatIdoubt_________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.if/whetherthatthatif/whether第71页/共86页宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.宾语从句第72页/共86页Heasked____foraviolin．（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo____ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever第73页/共86页4.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive5.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong第74页/共86页6.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.A.that　B.if　C.what　D.whether7.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that第75页/共86页表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句.连接词:that/whether/asif/asthough/because连接代词：who/whom/what/which/whose连接副词：when/where/how/whyTheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.第76页/共86页特别提醒1.主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order，request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gonow.2.主句的主语是reason时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用because，表结果用why.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.Heforgotit.Thatwaswhyhedidn'tcallme.Hedidn'tcallme.Thatwasbecauseheforgotit.第77页/共86页Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon．（上海01年春季招生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where3.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that第78页/共86页4.Goandgetyourcoat．It's____youleftit．A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Thecityisnolonger________.A.whatitis　　B.thatitusedtobe　　C.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe6.Theproblemis_______hehasenoughtime.　　A.ifB.whetherC./D.that第79页/共86页what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语等.that在句子中只起连接作用,没有意义.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.第80页/共86页典型错误及归纳第81页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idon'tknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.　　Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idon'tknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！第82页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.　6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.　　Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot…...规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？第83页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：4种情况只能用whether：（1）位于句子开头；（2）前面有介词；（3）引导表语从句；（4）与ornot连用。第84页/共86页找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？第85页/共86页感谢您的观看！第86页/共86页