为了正常的体验网站,请在浏览器设置里面开启Javascript功能!
首页 > 全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文 整理版

全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文 整理版

2020-10-29 15页 doc 240KB 16阅读

用户头像 个人认证

百里登峰

暂无简介

举报
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文 整理版Unit1ALearning,Chinese-StyleUnit2AALifeFullofRichesUnit3AFatherKnowsBetterUnit4AAVirtualLifeUnit5ATrueHeightUnit6AAWomanCanLearnAnythingaManCanUnit1HowardGardner,aprofessorofeducationatHarvardUniversity,reflectsonavisittoChinaandgiveshisthoughtsondifferentapproaches...
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文 整理版
Unit1ALearning,Chinese-StyleUnit2AALifeFullofRichesUnit3AFatherKnowsBetterUnit4AAVirtualLifeUnit5ATrueHeightUnit6AAWomanCanLearnAnythingaManCanUnit1HowardGardner,aprofessorofeducationatHarvardUniversity,reflectsonavisittoChinaandgiveshisthoughtsondifferentapproachestolearninginChinaandtheWest.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行,阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。Learning,Chinese-StyleHowardGardner1Foramonthinthespringof1987,mywifeEllenandIlivedinthebustlingeasternChinesecityofNanjingwithour18-month-oldsonBenjaminwhilestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools.ButoneofthemosttellinglessonsEllenandIgotinthedifferencebetweenChineseandAmericanideasofeducationcamenotintheclassroombutinthelobbyoftheJinlingHotelwherewestayedinNanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春,我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而,我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂,而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。2Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberonit.Whenleavingthehotel,aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey,eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoabox.Becausethekeyslotwasnarrow,thekeyhadtobepositionedcarefullytofitintoit.我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙,可以交给服务员,也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小,你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。3Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround,shakingitvigorously.Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot.Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.Heprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsthekeymadeashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot.本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去,边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼,不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成,因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。4NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot.Hisexploratorybehaviorseemedharmlessenough.ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon.AnyChinesestaffmembernearbywouldcomeovertowatchBenjaminand,notinghislackofinitialsuccess,attempttoassist.HeorshewouldholdontoBenjamin'shandand,gentlybutfirmly,guideitdirectlytowardtheslot,repositionitasnecessary,andhelphimtoinsertit.The"teacher"wouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme,asifawaitingathankyou─andonoccasionwouldfrownslightly,asifconsideringustobeneglectingourparentalduties.我和埃伦都满不在乎,任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁,都会走过来看着本杰明,见他初试失败,便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握紧本杰明的手,直接将它引向钥匙的槽口,进行必要的重新定位,并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑,似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉,似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。5IsoonrealizedthatthisincidentwasdirectlyrelevanttoourassignedtasksinChina:toinvestigatethewaysofearlychildhoodeducation(especiallyinthearts),andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity.AndsobeforelongIbegantointroducethekey-slotanecdoteintomydiscussionswithChineseeducators.我很快意识到,这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关:考察儿童早期教育(尤其是艺术教育)的方式,揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此,不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。TWODIFFERENTWAYSTOLEARN6WithafewexceptionsmyChinesecolleaguesdisplayedthesameattitudeasthestaffattheJinlingHotel.Sinceadultsknowhowtoplacethekeyinthekeyslot,whichistheultimatepurposeofapproachingtheslot,andsincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown,whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle?Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry─certainlynotadesirableoutcome.Whynotshowhimwhattodo?Hewillbehappy,hewilllearnhowtoaccomplishthetasksooner,andthenhecanproceedtomorecomplexactivities,likeopeningthedoororaskingforthekey─bothofwhichaccomplishmentscan(andshould)induecoursebemodeledforhimaswell.两种不同的学习方式我的中国同行,除了少数几个人外,对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的,既然孩子还很年幼,还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作,让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢?他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢?他会高兴,他还能早些学会做这件事,进而去学做更复杂的事,如开门,或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以(也应该)示范给他看。7Welistenedtosuchexplanationssympatheticallyandexplainedthat,firstofall,wedidnotmuchcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot.Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring,twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.Butthecriticalpointwasthat,intheprocess,weweretryingtoteachBenjaminthatonecansolveaproblemeffectivelybyoneself.Suchself-relianceisaprincipalvalueofchildrearinginmiddle-classAmerica.Solongasthechildisshownexactlyhowtodosomething─whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed─heislesslikelytofigureouthimselfhowtoaccomplishsuchatask.And,moregenerally,heislesslikelytoviewlife─asAmericansdo─asaseriesofsituationsinwhichonehastolearntothinkforoneself,tosolveproblemsonone'sownandeventodiscovernewproblemsforwhichcreativesolutionsarewanted.我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理,解释道,首先,我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心,而且在探索,这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于,在这个过程中,我们试图让本杰明懂得,一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口也好,画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说,他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境,在这些情境中,一个人必须学会独立思考,学会独立解决问题,进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。TEACHINGBYHOLDINGHISHAND8Inretrospect,itbecamecleartomethatthisincidentwasindeedkey─andkeyinmorethanonesense.Itpointedtoimportantdifferencesintheeducationalandartisticpracticesinourtwocountries.把着手教回想起来,当时我就清楚地意识到,这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。9Whenourwell-intentionedChineseobserverscametoBenjamin'srescue,theydidnotsimplypushhishanddownclumsilyoruncertainly,asImighthavedone.Instead,theyguidedhimwithextremefacilityandgentlenessinpreciselythedesireddirection.IcametorealizethattheseChinesewerenotjustmoldingandshapingBenjamin'sperformanceinanyoldmanner:InthebestChinesetradition,theywerebazheshoujiao─"teachingbyholdinghishand"─somuchsothathewouldhappilycomebackformore.那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时,他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反,他们极其熟练地、温和地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。我逐渐认识到,这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为:他们是在恪守中国传统,把着手教,教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。10Theideathatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmoldingappliesequallytothearts.Watchingchildrenatworkinaclassroomsetting,wewereastonishedbytheirfacility.Childrenasyoungas5or6werepaintingflowers,fishandanimalswiththeskillandconfidenceofanadult;calligraphers9and10yearsoldwereproducingworksthatcouldhavebeendisplayedinamuseum.Inavisittothehomesoftwooftheyoungartists,welearnedfromtheirparentsthattheyworkedonperfectingtheircraftforseveralhoursaday.学习应通过不间断的精心塑造与引导而得以实现,这一观念同样适用于艺术。我们观看了孩子们在教室里学习艺术的情景,他们的娴熟技艺令我们惊讶。年仅5、6岁的孩子就带着成人的那种技巧与自信在画花、画鱼和动物;9岁、10岁的小书法家写出的作品满可以在博物馆展示。有一次去两位小艺术家的家里参观,我们从孩子的父母处得知,他们每天练习数小时以完善他们的技艺。CREATIVITYFIRST?11Intermsofattitudestocreativitythereseemstobeareversalofpriorities:youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition;andyoungChinesebeingalmostinseparablefromthetradition,but,overtime,possiblyevolvingtoapointequallyoriginal.创造力第一?从对创造力的态度来说,优先次序似乎是颠倒了:西方的年轻人先是大胆创新,然后逐渐深谙传统;而中国的年轻人则几乎离不开传统,但是,随着时间的推移,他们同样可能发展到具有创新的境界。12OnewayofsummarizingtheAmericanpositionistostatethatwevalueoriginalityandindependencemorethantheChinesedo.Thecontrastbetweenourtwoculturescanalsobeseenintermsofthefearswebothharbor.Chineseteachersarefearfulthatifskillsarenotacquiredearly,theymayneverbeacquired;thereis,ontheotherhand,nocomparablehurrytopromotecreativity.Americaneducatorsfearthatunlesscreativityhasbeenacquiredearly,itmayneveremerge;ontheotherhand,skillscanbepickeduplater.美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说,我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。中国老师担心,如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺,就有可能一辈子掌握不了;另一方面,他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心,除非从一开始就发展创造力,不然创造力就有可能永不再现;而另一方面,技艺可于日后获得。13However,Idonotwanttooverstatemycase.ThereisenormouscreativitytobefoundinChinesescientific,technologicalandartisticinnovationspastandpresent.AndthereisadangerofexaggeratingcreativebreakthroughsintheWest.Whenanyinnovationisexaminedclosely,itsrelianceonpreviousachievementsisalltooapparent(the"standingontheshouldersofgiants"phenomenon).但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今,中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新,其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见(“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象)。14ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid,andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals,theimportantquestionbecomesthis:Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?然而,假定我这里所说的反差是成立的,而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标,那么重要的问题就在于:我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式,它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?Findingawayofteachingchildrentoappreciatethevalueofmoneycanbeaproblem.Yetthesolution,DavidOwensuggests,issimple--justopenabank.Easiersaidthandone?Well,itturnsouttobenotquitesodifficultasitsounds,asyou'lldiscoverinreadingabouttheFirstNationalBankofDave.设法教育孩子珍惜钱财会是件难事。然而,大卫·欧文说,方法也很简单——开个银行就行。说来容易做起来难?其实,这事并没听上去那么难,你读一读戴夫第一国家银行的故事就知道了。Unit2PartIIReadingTaskTextAALifeFullofRichesKarlR.GreenItwasearlyDecember2003,myfirstseasonasaSalvationArmybellringer,whenIwasconfrontedwiththequestion.IwasstandingjustoutsidethedoorwayofaWal-Mart,offeringa"thankyou"andasmiletoeachpersonwhodroppedadonationintomyredkettle.Aneatlydressedwomanandheryoungsonwalkeduptothekettlestand.Whileshesearchedherpurseforsomecash,theboylookedupatme.Icanstillseetheconfusionandcuriosityinhiseyesasheasked,"Areyoupoor?"这是2003年12月初,我作为一个救世军敲钟人,当我面临的问题与第一个赛季。我站在外面的沃尔玛门口,提供一个“谢谢”,微笑每个人谁投进我的红kettle.A捐赠衣着整洁的女人和她的小儿子走到水壶立场。虽然她寻找一些现金她的钱包,男孩抬头看着我。我仍然可以看到他的眼睛,好奇的混乱,他问道:“你穷呢?”"Well,"Istammered,tryingtothink,"Ihavemorethansomepeople,butnotasmuchasothers."Hismotherscoldedhimforthesocialno-no,andtheyhurriedofftodotheirshopping.Hisquestion,however,didnotleaveme.“嗯,”我结结巴巴地说,试图想:“我比有些人多,但不如别人了。”他妈骂他为社会的禁忌,他们急急忙忙走了尽自己的购物。但是他的问题并没有离开我。I'veneverthoughtofmyselfas"poor,"butIcan'tdenycertainfacts.EverytimeIfilloutmy1040form,Ifallintooneofthelowestincomebrackets.Inthepast35years,I'vetakenjustonevacationtrip.MyTVisablack-and-whitesetthatsomeonegavemeeightyearsago.我从没想过自己是“穷”,但我不能否认某些事实。每当我填写我的1040表格,我陷入了最低收入阶层之一。在过去的35年里,我只花一度假。我的电视是一个非黑即白集,有人给了我八年前。YetIfeelnothingmorethanapassingwhimtoattainthematerialthingssomanyotherpeoplehave.My1999carshowsthewearandtearof105,000miles.Butitisstilldependable.Myapartmentismodest,butquietandrelaxing.Myclothesarewellsuitedtomywork,whichisprimarilyoutdoors.Myminimalcomputerneedscanbemetatthelibrary.可是我觉得只不过是昙花一现的念头更达到物质的东西很多其他人都有。我在1999年车展的磨损10.5万英里。但它仍是可靠的。我的公寓是温和的,但宁静和放松。我的衣服很适合我的工作,这主要是室外。我最小的电脑需要能够得到满足图书馆看书。InspiteofwhatIdon'thave,Idon'tfeelpoor.Why?I'veenjoyedexceptionallygoodhealthfor53years.It'snotjustthatI'vebeenillness-free,it'sthatIfeelvigorousandspirited.Exercisingisactuallyfunforme.Ilookforwardtolong,energizingwalks.AndIlovethe"cando"attitudethatfollows.在我没有什么,尽管我不觉得差。为什么呢?我已经享受了53年来特别好的健康。这不仅是因为我一直在生病,免费的,它的,我觉得充满活力和精神。其实对我来说是锻炼的乐趣。我期待着长,活力散步。我还喜欢“我能”的态度如下。Ialsocherishthegiftofcreativity.WhenIwriteabeautifullineofpoetry,orfabricateajokethatticklessomeone,Ifeelrichinside.I'mcontinuallysurprisedattheinsightsthatcomethroughmywritingprocess.Andtalkingwithsomanyinterestingwriterfriendsisoneofmymainsourcesofenjoyment.我也珍惜创造力的礼物。当我写一个美丽的诗行,或者编造一个笑话,发痒的人,我感到充实进去。我不断惊讶的见解,通过我的写作过程中来。而且有这么多有趣的作家朋友聊天,是享受我的主要来源之一。ButthereisonevitalareaofmylifewhereIamnotsowelloff.Inasocietythatspendssomuchemotionalenergyonthepursuitofpossessions,Ifeeloutofplace.但有一个我一生中,我不是那么富裕的重要领域。在一个社会的财富花在追求如此多的感情能量,我觉得自己很迷茫。WhenIwasyounger,therewasanexceptionallyinterestingpersonIdated.Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,was"what'sontheinside."IthoughtIhadfoundsomeonespecialtosharemylifewith.ThenItookhertoseemyapartment.Atthetime,Ilivedinabasementefficiencywithafewpiecesofdatedfurniture.Theonlynew,comfortablechairwastheoneatmydesk.Shortlyafterhervisit,ourrelationshipwentstraightsouth.当我年轻的时候,有一个非常有趣的人,我约会。什么是最重要的是她,她告诉我,是“什么在里面的。”我想我已经找到了特别的人分享我的生活与。然后我带她去看我的公寓。当时,我住在一间地下室效率日期为几件家具。唯一的新的,舒适的椅子是在我的办公桌之一。不久后,她的访问,我们的关系直奔南方。Theseeminglyabruptchangeinherprioritieswasjolting.Itremainsamostmemorableturningpointinmypersonaljourney.看似在她的关注点突变是颠簸。它仍然是一个最难忘的转折点,我个人的旅途。Incontrasttorelationships,stuffjustdoesn'tmeanthatmuchtome.Ithinkmostpeoplefeelthesameway—exceptwhentherearesocialconsequencestonothavingparticularitems.Thereisacommercialontheradiothatbegins,"Everybodywantsahigh-endTV..."Thepressuretopurchaseisreal.Itmaybetruethateverybodywantsahigh-endTV.Afterall,nobodywantstobeanobody.与此相反的关系,东西并不意味着就多给我。我想大多数人有同样的感受-除非有社会后果不具有特定的项目。有一个由电台开始,“每个人都想要一个高端彩电...”购买的压力是真正的商业。它可能是真实的,每个人都想要一个高端电视。毕竟,没有人想成为什么人。ButI'mhappytolivewithoutone.Infact,notbeingfocusedonmaterialgoodsfeelsquitenaturaltome.Therearemanypeoplethroughouttheworldwhowouldconsidermylifestyletobeaffluent.但我很高兴生活在没有之一。事实上,没有对重点物资感觉很自然的我。世界各地有许多人会认为我的谁是富裕的生活方式。Neartheendoftheyear,whenIputontheSalvationArmy'sredapron,somethingchangesinsideme.Insteadoffeelingoutofplaceeconomically,Ibegintofeelagenuinesenseofbelonging.AsIringmybell,peoplestoptosharetheirpersonalstoriesofhowmuchitmeanttobehelpedwhentheyweregoingthrougharoughtime.PeoplehelpingpeopleissomethingIfeeldeeplyconnectedto.WhileI'mringingthebell,completestrangershavebroughtmehotchocolate,leavingmewithalingeringsmile.Countlessindividualshavehelpedtokeepmewarmwiththesentimentsoftheseason:"Thankyouforringingonsuchacoldday.""CanIgetyouacupofcoffee?""Blessyouforyourgoodwork."DecemberisthetimeofyearIfeelwealthiest.在接近年底时,当我在救世军红色围裙,改变我的东西放在里面。而不是感觉出来的地方经济,我开始感到真正意义上的归属感。正如我我的响钟,人们停下来分享这意味着多少得到帮助时,他们正在经历艰难的时间将他们的个人故事。人帮助人是我深深感到相连。当我按门铃,我带来了完全陌生的热巧克力,留下了挥之不去的微笑。无数人帮助我,让本赛季的情感温暖:?“。保佑你的好工作,你。感谢在这样一个寒冷的日子铃声你”“我可以给你一杯咖啡”十二月是一年的时间,我觉得富有。Overthepastfouryears,I'vegrowntounderstandmoreaboutmyselfbecauseofasinglequestionfromacuriouschild.AsI'veexaminedwhatitmeanstobepoor,ithasbecomecleartomewhatIammostthankfulfor:bothmytangibleandmyintangiblegoodfortune.在过去的四年里,我已经长大了理解,因为一个好奇的孩子从一个单一的问题是关于我自己。正如我已经分析意味着什么是穷人,它已成为我清楚我最感谢:我的两个有形和无形的我的好运。Unit3Thiscomedycentersaroundaproudfather'sattemptstohelphischildren,attemptswhichsomehoworotheralwaysendupembarrassingthem.Forthesakeoffunitcarriesthingstoextremes,butnearlyeveryonecanrecognizesomethingofthemselvesandtheirparentsinit.这出喜剧主要写一位为儿女感到自豪的父亲虽做出种种努力帮助子女,不知怎的,其结果却总是令子女尴尬不已。出于搞笑的目的,故事情节作了极度夸张,但几乎人人都能从中看到自己以及父母的影子。FatherKnowsBetterMarshCassady1CHARACTERS:FATHER;MOTHER;HEIDI,14;DIANE,17;SEAN,16;RESTAURANTMANAGER,20s;MRS.HIGGINS.SETTING:Variouslocationsincludingafast-foodrestaurant,theThompsonfamilydiningroom,andanofficeatahighschool.ATRISE:Asthelightscomeup,HEIDIentersandcrossesDownRighttotheedgeofthestage.SEANandDIANEenterandcrossDownLefttotheedgeofthestage.TheylistenasHEIDIaddressestheaudience.老爸英明马什·卡萨迪人物:父亲;母亲;海蒂,14岁;黛安,17岁;肖恩,16岁;饭店经理,20多岁;希金斯太太场景:快餐店,汤普森家餐厅,一所中学的办公室等幕启:随着灯光亮起,海蒂上,走至舞台右前方。肖恩与黛安上,走至舞台左前方。海蒂对观众说话,两人倾听。2HEIDI:Mydad'saniceman.Nobodycouldpossiblybelievethatheisn't.Yethe's...well,he'salwaysdoingthesestupidthingsthatendupreallyembarrassingoneormoreofuskids.Onetime,see,mybrotherwantedtobuythisguitar.Beensavingmoneyforitforalongtime.Thenhegotajobatthisfast-foodplace,OK?Waitingtables.ItwasSean'sfirstactualjob,andhewasrealhappyaboutit.Hefiguredintwoorthreemonthshe'dhaveenoughmoneytobuyexactlythekindofguitarhewanted.MomandDadwereproudofhim,andwell,OK,he'smybigbrother,andhe'salwayspullingthesedumbthingsonme.But,well,Iwasproudofhimtoo.Youknowwhathappened?Ihatetotellyoubecause:SEAN,DIANEandHEIDI:(Inunison)Fatherknowsbetter!海蒂:我老爸是个大好人。没人会相信他不好。可是他……唉,他老是干那些蠢事,弄得我们当儿女的到头来无地自容。瞧,我哥曾一度想买把吉他。他都积攒了好一阵子钱了。后来他在这家快餐店找了份活,不错吧?当服务员。这是肖恩第一次正经打工,他真的挺开心。他算计着,再过两三个月,他就能攒够钱买他想要的那把吉他了。老爸老妈都为他感到骄傲。唔,是啊,他是大哥,老是要捉弄我。不过嘛,我也同样为他感到骄傲。你猜后来怎么了?我都不想说这事,因为:肖恩、黛安、海蒂:(齐声)老爸英明!3(ThelightscomeUpLeftonthefast-foodrestaurantwhereSEANworks.Itconsistsofacounterandcoupleofsmalltables.TheMANAGERstandsbehindthecounter.SEANisbusilycleaningthetableswhenFATHERwalksin.)MANAGER:Goodevening,sir.MayIhelpyou?FATHER:Goodevening.SEAN:(Tohimself)Oh,no!(HesquatsbehindoneofthetablestryingtohidefromFATHER.)FATHER:I'mlookingforthemanager.MANAGER:Thatwouldbeme,sir.FATHER:I'mSamThompson.Mysonworkshere.MANAGER:Oh,you'reSean'sfather.FATHER:Yes.It'shisfirstjob,youknow.Ijustwantedtocheckthathe'sdoingOK.MANAGER:Oh,fine.Noproblem.(左后方灯光亮起,肖恩打工的快餐店。有柜台和几张小桌子。经理站在柜台后面。父亲进店时,肖恩正忙着擦桌子。)经理:晚上好,先生,能为您效劳吗?父亲:晚上好。肖恩:(自言自语)噢,不!(他在一张桌子后蹲下,欲躲过父亲的视线。)父亲:我找经理。经理:我就是,先生。父亲:我是萨姆·汤普森。我儿子在这儿打工。经理:哦,您是肖恩的父亲。父亲:是啊。知道嘛,这是他第一次打工。我只想看看他干得怎么样。经理:噢,不错。没问题。4SEAN:(Spreadinghishands,palmsup,speakingtohimself)WhatdidIdotodeservethis?Tellmewhat?FATHER:Hiringhimwasagoodthingthen?MANAGER:Well,yeah,Isupposeso.SEAN:(Stilltohimself)Gohome,Dad.Gohome.Gohome.FATHER:I'msurehe'sagoodworkerbutatypicalteenager,ifyouknowwhatImean.MANAGER:(Losinginterest)Iwouldn'tknow.FATHER:He'sagoodboy.AndIassureyouthatifthereareanysubjectsthatneedtobeaddressed,SeanandIwillhaveaman-to-mantalk.MANAGER:Idon'tthinkthatwillbenecessary...FATHER:Oh,noproblem.I'mproudofmyson.Very,veryproud.AndIjustwantedyoutoknowthatI'lldoanythingIcantohelphimthroughlife'sdangeroussea.肖恩:(双手摊开,掌心向上,自言自语)我干了什么了要受这份罪?倒是告诉我啊?父亲:那么雇用他没错啦?经理:呃,对,我想是的。肖恩:(仍然自言自语)回家去,老爸。回家去。回家去。父亲:我肯定他是一把干活的好手,可他也跟其他孩子一个样,明白我的意思吗?经理:(不再有兴趣)我怎么知道。父亲:他是个好孩子。你放心,要是有什么问题需要解决的话,我和肖恩会开诚布公谈一谈的。经理:我看没必要吧……父亲:噢,没事儿。我为我儿子感到骄傲,我为他深感骄傲。我只是想让你知道,我将竭尽全力帮助他驶过人生的惊涛骇浪。5SEAN:(Standingupandscreaming)Aaaargh!Aaaargh!Aaaaaaargh!FATHER:Son,Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.SEAN:It'swhereIwork,Dad.FATHER:Ofcourse.Imean,Ididn'tseeyou.SEAN:Ican'timaginewhy.FATHER:YourmanagerandIwerejusthavinganicechat.(DIANEentersDownLeftjustasHEIDIentersDownRight.TheylookatSEANandFATHER.)SEAN,DIANE,HEIDI:(Inunison)Father,youknowbetterthanthat.肖恩:(站起身,高声喊叫)唉!唉!唉!父亲:儿子,不知道你在这儿。肖恩:这是我打工的地方嘛,爸!父亲:那自然。我是说,刚才没看见你。肖恩:我真弄不明白。父亲:经理和我正聊得起劲呢。(黛安从左前方上,海蒂自右前方上。两人看着肖恩和父亲。)肖恩、黛安、海蒂:(齐声)老爸,你这是干什么呀。6(Thelightsquicklyfadetoblackandthencomeupasecondortwolater.SEANstandsaloneattheDownRightedgeofthestage.HEIDIandDIANEcrosstoDownLeftedgeofthestage.)SEAN:Ifthatsortofthinghappenedonlyonceinawhile,itwouldn'tbesobad.Overall,Iwouldn'twanttotrademydadforanyoneelse's.HelovesuskidsandMomtoo.ButIthinkthat'ssometimestheproblem.Hewantstodothingsforus,thingshethinksaregood.Butheneedstogivethemmorethoughtbecause:SEAN,HEIDIandDIANE:(Inunison)Fatherknowsbetter!(灯光迅速暗下,片刻之后又亮起。肖恩独自站在舞台右前边。海蒂、黛安走至舞台左前边。)肖恩:这类事要是偶尔发生一两次,那倒也没什么。总的来说,我是不肯把自己老爸跟别人的老爸换的。他爱我们当子女的,也爱老妈。不过我想,有时问题就出在这儿。他一心想帮助我们,他自以为在为我们做好事呢。可他应该多想想才对,因为:肖恩、海蒂、黛安:(齐声)老爸英明!7(ThelightsfadetoblackandcomeupontheCenterStageareawhereFATHERandthethreechildrenareseatedaroundthediningroomtable.MOTHERenterscarryingadish,whichshesetsonthetable.FATHERquicklyrisesandpullsoutherchair.Shesits.Thefamilystartseatingdinner.)FATHER:Ihaveasurpriseforyou,Diane.DIANE:(Knowsitcan'tbegood.)Youhave...asurprise?MOTHER:Well,whateveritis,dear,don'tkeepusinsuspense.FATHER:Well,youknow,DanLucasandIworktogether?DIANE:Kyle'sfather?MOTHER:Don'tinterrupt,dear,yourfatheristryingtotellyousomething.HEIDI:(StagewhispertoSEAN)SomethingDianewon'twanttoknow,I'llbet.SEAN:(WhisperingtoHEIDI)Whateverwouldmakeyouthinkthat?MOTHER:Sean,dear.Heidi,sweetheart,don'tdistractyourfather.SEANandHEIDI:(Simultaneously)Sorry,Mom.(灯光暗下,旋即又在舞台中央亮起。父亲与三个孩子围坐在餐桌旁。母亲端菜上,把菜放在桌上。父亲迅速起身为她拉出椅子。母亲坐下。全家开始用餐。)父亲:我要给你一个惊喜,黛安。黛安:(知道不会有好事)你要给我……一个惊喜?母亲:哎,是什么事啊,亲爱的,别卖关子了。父亲:呃,你们知道,丹·卢卡斯和我是同事。黛安:凯尔的父亲?母亲:别插嘴,亲爱的,你父亲正有事要跟你们说呢。海蒂:(与肖恩耳语)我敢肯定准是黛安不要听的事儿。肖恩:(与海蒂耳语)你怎么会知道?母亲:肖恩,亲爱的。海蒂,宝贝儿,别打扰你们的父亲。肖恩、海蒂:(同时地)对不起,妈妈。8FATHER:Nowthen.AsIwassaying,IknowhowmuchyoulikeyoungKyle.DIANE:Father!FATHER:It'strue,isn'tit?Didn'tIhearyoutellyourmotherthatyouwishKylewouldaskyoutotheseniorprom?SEAN:Uh-oh!HEIDI:Oops!MOTHER:Please,children,please.Yourfatheristryingtospeak.DIANE:(Throughclenchedteeth,thewordsareinamonotoneandevenlyspaced.)Yes-I-said-that-why-are-you-asking?FATHER:Wellthen.DIANE:(Becominghysterical)"Wellthen"what?!FATHER:WhatdidIsay?DidIsaysomethingwrong?HEIDI:(ToSEAN)Notyet,hedidn't.SEAN:(ToHEIDI)Butyouknowit'scoming.MOTHER:Children,please.Dogiveyourfathertherespecthedeserves.HEIDIandSEAN:(Rollingtheireyes)Yes,Mother.父亲:好吧。我说了,我知道你挺喜欢小凯尔。黛安:爸爸!父亲:是这么回事,对吗?我不是听你跟你妈说,你希望凯尔邀请你在高年级舞会上跳舞吗?肖恩:喔!海蒂:哎哟!母亲:静一下,孩子们,静一下。你们父亲在说话呢。黛安:(咬紧牙,一字一顿地)对-我-是-说-过-你-问-这-干-嘛?父亲:那就算了。黛安:(歇斯底里地)什么算了?父亲:我说什么啦?我说错什么了吗?海蒂:(对肖恩)这会儿还没有,还没说错什么。肖恩:(对海蒂)等着吧,这就来了。母亲:静一下,孩子们。对父亲应该尊敬一点。海蒂、肖恩:(一边转着眼珠)是,妈妈。9FATHER:Well,todayIsawDanandaskedifhe'dliketogotolunchatthatFrenchrestaurantonThirdStreet.Youknowtheone,Mother.MOTHER:Well,yes,IbelieveIdo.FATHER:Mytreat,Itoldhim.And,ofcourse,hewasgladtoaccept.MOTHER:Whywouldn'thebe?FATHER:(Somewhatsurprised)Well,yes.DIANE:What-has-this-to-do-withme?!MOTHER:Diane,sometimesIjustdon'tunderstandyourbehavior.Itrymybest.DIANE:(Veryshortwithher)I'msorry.MOTHER:Thankyou,Diane.(ToFATHER)Pleasedogoon,dear.FATHER:AsIsaid--HEIDI:Weknowwhatyousaid,Daddy.FATHER:Er...uh,what'sthat?SEAN:Shesaid,"Weknowwhatyousaid,Daddy."FATHER:Yes,yes,ofcourse.MOTHER:Dogetonwithit,dear.I'vemadethemostgloriousdessert.AnoldrecipehandeddowntomebymygreatAuntHilda--DIANE:Mother,please!MOTHER:Yes,dear?父亲:嗯,今天我见到丹时,问他想不想去第三街上的那家法国餐馆吃午饭。孩子他妈,你是知道那家餐馆的。母亲:对,是啊,我知道。父亲:我请客,我对他说。当然,他挺乐意去了。母亲:他哪能不乐意呢?父亲:(略为惊讶地)对,是啊。黛安:这-跟-我-有-什-么-关-系-呢?母亲:黛安,你的行为有时我真弄不懂。无论怎样我就是弄不懂。黛安:(没好气地)那就抱歉了。母亲:多谢了,黛安。(对父亲)请说下去,亲爱的。父亲:我说过……海蒂:我们知道你说过什么,爸爸。父亲:嗯……哦,你说什么?肖恩:她说,“我们知道你说过什么,爸爸。”父亲:是啊,是啊,当然。母亲:快说吧,亲爱的。我做了特别好吃的甜点。是我姨祖母希尔达传下来的老配方……黛安:妈妈,好了!母亲:怎么啦,宝贝?10(DIANEshakesherheadandletsherbodyfallagainstthebackofthechair.)FATHER:Atanyrate,Dan'saniceguy.Neverknewhimwell.Foundwehavealotofthesameinterests.Ourfamilies,ourcommunity,globalpeace,humanwelfare.HEIDI:(Mumblingtoherself)Thatnarrowsitdown,allright.SEAN:Father?FATHER:Yes,son?SEAN:IdobelieveDianewouldliketoknowthesurprise.DIANE:(Breathinghardasifexhausted,sheturnstoSEAN,noddingherheadupanddownrepeatedly.)Thankyou,Sean.Ioweyouone.(黛安摇着头,身体仰靠在椅背上。)父亲:不管怎么说,丹人不错。过去我跟他不熟。发现我俩还有不少志趣相同之处。家庭,社区,世界和平,人类幸福。海蒂:(咕哝着自言自语)就要说到正题了。肖恩:爸爸?父亲:嗳?儿子?肖恩:我肯定黛安很想知道是什么惊喜。黛安:(粗粗地喘气,好像精疲力竭的样子,她转向肖恩,连连点头)多谢了,肖恩。我记着你的情。11FATHER:Well,yes.Hereitisthen.ItoldDanofyourinterestinhisson.DIANE:Youwhat?MOTHER:Diane,whathascomeoveryou?Ijustdon'tunderstandtheyoungergeneration.Whybackinmyday--DIANE:Mother,please!MOTHER:What,what?What?HEIDI:Mother,IbelieveshewantsFathertocontinue.SEAN:(Tohimself)Getthisoverwith,morelikely.DIANE:Daddy,please,tellme.Now.Rightaway.Whatdidyousay,Daddy?Please.Tellme,whatdidyoutellMr.Lucas?Tellme,please.Pleasetellme.FATHER:Well,now,isn'tthisnice.Itlookslikemylittleschemeisasuccess.You'resoeagertofindout...makesamanfeelasifit'sallworthwhile.父亲:啊,对。我就说吧。我告诉丹,你对他儿子很感兴趣。黛安:你说什么?母亲:黛安,你怎么啦?我真不明白你们年轻人。唉,在我那个时候……黛安:妈,好啦!母亲:怎么啦,怎么啦?又怎么啦?海蒂:妈妈,我知道她想听爸爸说完。肖恩:(自言自语)还不如说是快把这份罪受完算了。黛安:爸爸,请你告诉我。现在,马上告诉我。你说什么啦,爸爸?求你了,快说,你跟卢卡斯先生说什么啦?请快告诉我。请快说。父亲:嗨,瞧,太妙了。看来我的小计策成功了。如今你急着想知道……这可让人觉得我做的这一切还真值。12HEIDI:(ToSEAN)Canyoubelievethis?SEAN:(ToHEIDI)Oh,sure.Can'tyou?FATHER:Yes,well,ItoldhimhowmuchyoulikedyoungKyle,andhowyou'dbeenwishinghe'daskyoutotheprom.DIANE:Youdidn't!Tellmeyoudidn't!FATHER:Oh,yes.Anythingformychildren.DIANE:(Swallowinghard)And...and--MOTHER:Diane,areyouallright?DIANE:(ShejutsoutherchinatMOTHERandquicklyjerksherheadaroundtofaceFATHER.)Well...whatdidhesay?!FATHER:Well,ofcourse,beingthesortofmanheis--frank,understanding,hesaidhe'dspeaktotheyoungman,insisthegiveyouacall.DIANE:(Angryscream!)Whaaaaaat!SEANandHEIDI:(Together)Father,youknowbetterthanthat.FATHER:Ido?Yes,yes,IguessIdo.I've...doneitagain,haven'tI?海蒂:(对肖恩)你能相信吗?肖恩:(对海蒂)啊,当然。你还不信?父亲:嗯,对了,我告诉他你是多么喜欢小凯尔,一心希望他邀你在班级舞会上跳舞。黛安:你没这么说过!告诉我你没这么说过!父亲:说了,当然说了。只要为了我孩子好嘛。黛安:(尽力忍住)那……那……母亲:黛安,你没事吧?黛安:(冲着母亲撅起下巴,很快扭头面对父亲)那……他怎么说?!父亲:嗯,当然啦,以他的为人——坦率,善解人意,他说他会去跟小伙子说的,一定让他给你打电话。黛安:(愤怒地高喊)什——么!肖恩、海蒂:(齐声)老爸,你这是干什么呀。父亲:是吗?对,对,我想是。我又……弄糟了,是吗?13(Thelightsquicklyfadetoblackandthencomeupasecondortwolater.DIANEstandsaloneattheDownRightedgeofthestage.HEIDIandSEANenterDownLeftandcrosstotheedgeofthestage.)DIANE:CanyouimaginehowhumiliatedIwas?Anhonorstudent,classpresident.AndFatherwasoutaskingpeopletohavetheirsonscallandaskmetotheprom!Butthat'sdearolddad.Actually,heisadear.Hejustdoesn'tstoptothink.Andit'snotjustoneofuswho'vefelttheheavyhandofinterference.Oh,no,allthreeofusliveinconstantdreadknowingthatatanytimedisastercanstrikebecause:DIANE,HEIDIandSEAN:(Shoutinginunison)Fatherknowsbetter.(灯光迅速暗下,旋即重新亮起。黛安独自站在舞台右前边沿。海蒂、肖恩自左前方上,走至舞台边。)黛安:你们能想象我觉得自己有多么丢人现眼吗?堂堂的优秀生,班主席。父亲竟然去求别人叫他们的儿子打电话来邀我跳舞!可这就是我那可爱的老爸。他其实挺可爱的。他就是不好好想一想。不止我一个人深受他横加干预之苦。哦,绝非我一个人,我们兄妹三个整天提心吊胆,知道倒霉的事随时可能来临,因为:黛安、海蒂、肖恩:(齐声)老爸英明!14(ThelightsfadetoblackandquicklycomeupagainStageLeftwherethereisanexecutive-typedeskandchairandtwootherchairs.BehindthedesksitsMRS.HIGGINS,inchargeofadmittingnewstudentstoBenjaminHarrisonHighSchool.HEIDIandFATHERsitintheotherchairs.)MRS.HIGGINS:Sothisisournewstudent,isit?FATHER:That'sright.MRS.HIGGINS:What'syourname,younglady?HEIDI:HEIDIThompson.MRS.HIGGINS:I'msureyou'llfindthestudentsfriendly.Andtheteachersmorethanwillingtoanswerquestions.FATHER:Sheisanexceptionalyoungwoman,youknow.HEIDI:Daddy!(灯光暗下,旋即在舞台左侧重新亮起。舞台左侧摆放着一套办公桌椅和另两张椅子。希金斯太太坐在办公桌旁办理本杰明·哈里森中学新生入学手续。海蒂和父亲坐在另外两张椅子上。)希金斯太太:你是我们新来的学生,是吗?父亲:是的。希金斯太太:你叫什么名字,小姐?海蒂:海蒂·汤普森。希金斯太太:我相信你一定会发现这里的同学们都挺友好。这里的老师也都乐意回答问题。父亲:您知道,她是个出类拔萃的姑娘。海蒂:爸爸!15FATHER:Very,verybright.MRS.HIGGINS:Yes,nowifwecangetyoutofillout--FATHER:Don'tknowwhereshegotherbrains.Hermother,Isuppose.Oh,Iwasbrightenough.ButnothinglikeHEIDI.AllherteachershavetoldMrs.Thompson--that'shermother--andmethatshewasjustaboutthebrightest--MRS.HIGGINS:(Interruptsasshelosesherpatience,thoughtryingtobepleasant)AsIsaid,ifyouhaveproofofvaccinations--FATHER:(Interrupts,carryingonwithhislineofthought)Besidesbeingbright,she'svery,verytalented.HEIDI:(Twistsherhandsoverandoverinfrontofherchest.)Please,Daddy,don'tdothis.FATHER:Well,ofcourseIwill,darling.I'mproudofyou.YourmotherandIareproudofyou.(TurnsbacktoMRS.HIGGINS.)Whyjustlastyear,inherlastyearofjuniorhighschool,beforewemoved,Heidiplacedfirstinthecountyintheannualspellingbee!Isn'tthatwonderful?Andsheplaysthepianolikeanangel.Anabsoluteangel.父亲:非常非常聪明!希金斯太太:一定是的,现在你是不是能填一下……父亲:不知道她怎么会这么聪明。我想是她母亲的遗传。哦,我也不笨。可没法跟海蒂比。教过她的老师都对汤普森太太,就是她妈,还有我说,她差不多是最聪明的一个……希金斯太太:(不耐烦地打断,但口气仍尽量和缓)我刚才说了,如果你有疫苗接种证明……父亲:(打断希金斯太太,沿着自己的思路讲下去)她不仅聪明,而且才华出众。海蒂:(双手置于胸前,搓拧着)行了,爸爸,别说了。父亲:啊,宝贝儿,我当然要说。我为你感到骄傲。我和你妈都为你感到骄傲。(转回身面向希金斯太太)嗳,就在去年,她初中最后一年,我们还没搬家的时候,海蒂在县里每年一度的拼单词比赛中得了第一名!了不起吧?而且她钢琴也弹得美妙之极。简直就是仙乐。16HEIDI:Daddy,please.Please,please.Daddy,Ihavetogotoclass.Iwanttogotoclass.Pleaseletmegotoclass.FATHER:SeewhatImean?Suchaneagerlearner.Ican'timagineanyone'sbeingmoreeagerforknowledgethanmyHeidi.Mylittlegirl.MRS.HIGGINS:Yes,well,bethatasitmay--HEIDI:Aaargh!Aaaaargh!Aaaargh!(DIANEandSEANenterDownRight.TheylookatHEIDI,FATHER,andMRS.HIGGINS.)HEIDI,DIANEandSEAN:(Shoutinginunison)Daddy,youknowbetterthanthat!FATHER:Er,uh,Ido?(Curtain)海蒂:爸爸,行了。求求你了,求求你了。爸爸,我得上课去了。我要去上课。请让我去上课吧。父亲:瞧见了没有?一个多么好学的学生。我想不出还有谁比我家海蒂更好学了。我的好姑娘。希金斯太太:是的,嗯,不过……海蒂:唉!唉!唉!(黛安、肖恩从右前方上。两人望着海蒂、父亲和希金斯太太。)海蒂、黛安、肖恩:(齐声喊)老爸,你这是干什么呀。父亲:呃,嗯,是吗?(幕落)Unlikethefatherintheplaywhichbeganthisunit,herewehaveafatherwhoisfarbetteratseeingthingsfromhisson'spointofview.AsMertonshows,however,thisdoesnotalwayscomeeasy.与本单元开始的那场戏里的那位父亲不同,这里我们读到的是一位颇能设身处地为儿子着想的父亲。然而,正如默顿所描述的那样,要做到这点往往并非易事。Unit4MaiaSzalavitz,formerlyatelevisionproducer,nowspendshertimeasawriter.Inthisessaysheexploresdigitalrealityanditsconsequences.Alongtheway,shecomparesthedigitalworldtothe"real"world,acknowledgingtheattractionsoftheelectronicdimension.迈亚·塞拉维茨曾是电视制片人,目前从事写作。她在本文中探索了数字化世界及其后果。与此同时,她将数字化世界与真实世界做了比较,承认电子空间自有其魅力。AVirtualLifeMaiaSzalavitz1AftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.Myboyfriend'sLiverpoolaccentsuddenlybecomesimpossibletointerpretafterhiseasilyunderstoodwordsonscreen;asecretary'sclippedtoneseemsmorerejectingthanI'dimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluid--hoursbecomeminutes,orsecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.虚拟世界的生活迈亚·塞拉维茨在网上呆了太久,听到电话铃声也会吓一大跳。显示屏上看多了我男朋友那些一目了然的文字,他的利物浦口音一下子变得难以听懂;而秘书的清脆快速的语调听上去比我想象的要生硬。时间本身变得捉摸不定——几小时变成几分钟,或几秒钟延伸为几天。周末原本是我一周的黄金时段,现在却不过是平平常常的两天。2Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasatelevisionproducer,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatelecommuter.IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaemailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendlivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipisalsocomputer-assisted.在我不再当电视制片人的这三年间,我的大部分工作都是在家里使用计算机终端进行的。我通过电子邮件投稿和校订,利用互联网上的人名地址与同行交流。我男朋友住在英国,因此两人的关系也在很大程度上借助于电脑维系。3IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andmanagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheendlesssnowstormof'96onTV.我要是愿意的话,可以一连几个星期不出门而什么也不缺。我可以在网上订购食品、网上理财、网上恋爱、网上工作。事实上我有时独自呆在家里长达三个星期,只偶尔出去拿信、买报纸及日用品。1996年那一场接一场的暴风雪我大都是在电视上看到的。4Butafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughI'vebecomeonewithmymachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanotherlinkintheNet.Othersonlinereportthesamesymptoms.Westarttofeelanaversiontooutsideformsofsocializing.WehavebecometheNetcritics'worstnightmare.然而,一段时间之后,生活本身就显得不那么真实了。我开始觉得自己似乎与机器融为一体了,我接收信息,再发送出去,就如同互联网的一个连接点。其他上网的人也谈到了同样的症状。我们开始厌恶外面的社交方式。我们的状况成了批评互联网的人们最害怕见到的一幕。5Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeaformofescape,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction,comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.一下床就上机,不再为发型、服饰、面部化妆烦心,起初看似高级的享受如今却成为一种对生活的逃避,一种缺乏自律的表现。你一旦开始用网络交际取代人与人的真实接触,要走出这种穴居状态就会相当困难。6Ifindmyselfshyer,morecautious,moreanxious.Or,conversely,whensuddenlyconfrontedwithreallivehumans,Igetoverexcited,speaktoomuch,interrupt.IconstantlyworryifIamdressedappropriately,thatperhapsI'veactuallyforgottentoputonaskirtandwalkedoutsideintheT-shirtandunderwearIsleepandlivein.我发现自己变得比以前怯生、谨慎、焦虑。或者,反过来,当我突然面对现实中活生生的人时,会变得过于兴奋,说个不停,爱打断别人的讲话。我老是担心自己衣着是否得体,担心自己会不会真的忘了穿裙子,只穿着夜间睡觉、白天活动的那件T恤和内衣就出门了。7Attimes,Iturnonthetelevisionandjustleaveittotalkawayinthebackground,somethingthatI'dneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramsarecomforting,butthenI'mjarredbythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orneedingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather."Dateline,""Frontline,""Nightline,"CNN,NewYork1,everypossibleangleofeverystoryoverandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmovesintothebackground.Idecidetocheckmyemail.有时我把电视机开着,让它作为背景声音一直响着,以前我从不这样做。电视节目中的说话声让人感到宽慰,可那些广告又叫我心烦。我发现自己沉浸在肥皂剧里,或者不停地收看最新的新闻报道和天气预报。一而再再而三地从“每日新闻”、“一线新闻”、“夜间新闻”、有线新闻电视网、纽约一套上收看有关每一条新闻的各种不同视角的报道,尽管它们对我毫无用处。工作成了次要的。我决定去看一下自己的电子信箱。8Online,Ifindmyselfattackingeveryoneinsight.Iambad-tempered,andeasilyangered.Ifindeveryoneonmymailinglistinsensitive,believingthatthey'veforgottenthattherearepeopleactuallyreadingtheirwoundingremarks.Idon'trealizethatI'mprojectinguntilafterI'vebeenembarrassedbysomeonewhopolitelypointsoutthatI'veattackedherforagreeingwithme.在网上,我发现自己见谁攻谁。我脾气暴躁,动辄生气。我觉得我与之通信的每一个人都麻木不仁,认为他们已经忘却还有人真会去读他们那些刻薄伤人的言辞。直到有人礼貌地指出,她同意我的观点却遭到我的抨击时,我才意识到,自己是在以己度人,不由得深感尴尬。9WhenI'minthisstate,Ifightmyboyfriendaswell,misinterpretinghisintentionsbecauseofthelackofemotionalcuesgivenbyourtypeddialogue.Thefighttakeshours,becausethesystemkeepscrashing.Isayaline,thenhedoes,thencrash!Andyetwekeepon,doggedly.在这种精神状态下,我也和男朋友吵架,常因键出的对话缺乏情感暗示而误解他的本意。由于系统常出故障,两人一争就是几个小时。我写一句,他回一句,接着系统失灵!可我们俩还是锲而不舍地接着吵。10I'dneverrealizedhowimportantdailyroutineis:dressingforwork,sleepingnormalhours.I'dneverthoughtIreliedsomuchonco-workersforcompany.Ibegantounderstandwhylong-termunemploymentcanbesodamaging,whylifewithoutanexternallysupporteddailyplancanleadtohigherratesofdrugabuse,crime,suicide.以前我从未意识到日常的生活起居是多么重要,如穿戴整齐去上班,按时就寝。以前我从未想过自己会那么依赖同事做伴。我开始理解为什么长时间的失业会那么伤人,为什么一个人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常就会导致吸毒、犯罪、自杀率的增长。11Torestorebalancetomylife,Iforcemyselfbackintotherealworld.Icallpeople,arrangetomeetwiththefewremainingfriendswhohaven'tfledNewYorkCity.Itrytoatleastgettothegym,soastosetaparttheweekendfromtherestofmyweek.Iarrangeinterviewsforstories,doctor'sappointments--anythingtogetmeoutofthehouseandconnectedwithothers.为了恢复生活的平衡,我强迫自己回到真实世界中去。我给别人打电话,与所剩无几的仍然住在纽约城的几个朋友安排见面。我至少设法去去健身房,以便使周末与工作日有所不同。我安排采访好写报道,预约看医生——安排任何需要我出门与他人接触的活动。12Butsometimesbeingfacetofaceistoomuch.Iseeafriendandherringinglaughterisintolerable--thenoiseofconversationintherestaurant,unbearable.Imakemyexcusesandflee.Ire-entermyapartmentandruntothecomputerasthoughitwereaplaceofsafety.但有时面对面地与人相处实在难以忍受。我与一位朋友见面,她那种响亮的笑声让人忍无可忍——饭店里的噪杂谈话声也让人受不了。我找了个藉口逃之夭夭。我重新回到我的公寓,冲向电脑,似乎那儿才是一个安全的地方。13Iclickonthemodem,theonce-annoyingsoundoftheconnectionnowaspleasantasmyfavoritetune.Ientermypassword.Therealworlddisappears.我点击鼠标,打开调制解调器,曾经听了就烦的连接声此刻听起来就如同最心爱的曲子那么悦耳。我键入密码。真实世界转瞬便消逝了。ThoughtyouweresafesharingsecretswithInternetfriends?Waitforthedoorbell...你以为与网友分享秘密不会出事儿吗?等着门铃响起来吧……Unit5LookatthefollowingtwosayingsandthenseeifthestoryofMichaelStonebearsoutthepointstheymake.Thegreatertheobstacle,themoregloryinovercomingit.--MolièreWhenitisdarkenough,youcanseethestars.--CharlesA.Beard读一读以下两则名言,想一想迈克尔·斯通的故事是否印证了其间的道理。障碍越是巨大,逾越它也就越感自豪。——莫里哀只有天空漆黑时,你才可以看到星星。——查尔斯·A·比尔德TrueHeightDavidNaster1Hispalmsweresweating.Heneededatoweltodryhisgrip.ThesunwasashotasthecompetitionhefacedtodayattheNationalJuniorOlympics.Thepolewassetat17feet.Thatwasthreeincheshigherthanhispersonalbest.MichaelStoneconfrontedthemostchallengingdayofhispole-vaultingcareer.真正的高度大卫·纳史特他手心在出汗。他需要用毛巾把握竿的手擦干。太阳火辣辣的,与他今天在全国少年奥林匹克运动会上所面临的竞争一样热烈。横杆升到了17英尺。比他个人的最高纪录高出3英寸。迈克尔·斯通面临的是其撑竿跳高生涯中最具挑战性的一天。2Thestandswerestillfilledwithabout20,000people,eventhoughthefinalracehadendedanhourearlier.Thepolevaultistrulythehighlightofanytrackandfieldcompetition.Itcombinesthegraceofagymnastwiththestrengthofabodybuilder.Italsohastheelementofflying,andthethoughtofflyingashighasatwo-storybuildingisamerefantasytoanyonewatchingsuchanevent.尽管赛跑决赛一小时前就已经结束,看台上仍然观众满座,足有20,000人上下。撑竿跳高确实是所有田径比赛中最精彩的项目。它融合了体操运动员的优雅与健美运动员的力量。它还具有飞翔的特征,对观看该项目比赛的观众来说,飞跃两层楼的高度简直是一件不可思议的事情。3AslongasMichaelcouldrememberhehadalwaysdreamedofflying.Michael'smotherreadhimnumerousstoriesaboutflyingwhenhewasgrowingup.Herstorieswerealwaysonesthatdescribedthelandfromabird's-eyeview.HerexcitementandpassionfordetailsmadeMichael'sdreamsfullofcolorandbeauty.Michaelhadthisonerecurringdream.Hewouldberunningdownacountryroad.Asheracedbetweengoldenwheatfields,hewouldalwaysoutrunthelocomotivespassingby.Itwasattheexactmomenthetookadeepbreaththathebegantoliftofftheground.Hewouldbeginsoaringlikeaneagle.迈克尔自从能记事起就一直梦想着飞翔。从小到大,母亲给迈克尔念过无数关于飞翔的故事。她的故事总是从高空俯瞰描述大地。她对细节的激情和酷爱使得迈克尔的梦境色彩缤纷、绚丽无比。迈克尔总是重复做着一个梦。他在乡间大路上飞奔。当他奔跑在金色的麦田之间时,总是把开过的机车一路甩在身后。就在他深深吸上一口气的瞬间,他开始从地面一跃而起,就像一头雄鹰那样开始翱翔。4Whereheflewwouldalwayscoincidewithhismother'sstories.Whereverheflewwaswithakeeneyefordetailandthefreespiritofhismother'slove.Hisdad,ontheotherhand,wasnotadreamer.BertStonewasahard-corerealist.Hebelievedinhardworkandsweat.Hismotto:Ifyouwantsomething,workforit!他飞越的都是母亲故事里描述的地方。无论他飞向何方,他都怀着母爱所赐予他的自由精神,用敏锐的目光观察入微。可他的父亲却不是个梦想家。伯特·斯通是个彻头彻尾的现实主义者。他信奉的是努力与苦干。他的格言是:要想有所收获,就得努力工作!5Fromtheageof14,Michaeldidjustthat.Hebeganaverycarefultrainingprogram.Heworkedouteveryotherdaywithweightlifting,withsomekindofrunningworkonalternatedays.TheprogramwascarefullymonitoredbyMichael'scoach,trainerandfather.Michael'sdedication,determinationanddisciplinewasacoach'sdream.Besidesbeinganhonorstudentandonlychild,MichaelStonecontinuedtohelphisparentswiththeirfarmchores.MildredStone,Michael'smother,wishedhecouldrelaxabitmoreandbethat"freedreaming"littleboy.Ononeoccasionsheattemptedtotalktohimandhisfatheraboutthis,buthisdadquicklyinterrupted,smiledandsaid,"Youwantsomething,workforit!"从14岁起,迈克尔就是这么做的。他开始按非常周密的计划训练。他每隔一天进行举重训练,其它的日子做些跑步训练。训练计划由迈克尔的教练、训练员兼父亲严加督导。迈克尔的投入、执着、自律正是每一个教练所梦寐以求的。迈克尔在学校是位优秀生,在家是个独生子,但他仍帮助父母在自家的农场上干些杂活。迈克尔的母亲米尔德里德·斯通希望他能更放松些,还是做那个“自由幻想”的小男孩。有一次,她试图跟他及其父亲好好谈一下,可当父亲的马上就打断了她,笑着说:“要想有所收获,就得努力工作!”6AllofMichael'svaultstodayseemedtobetherewardforhishardwork.IfMichaelStonewassurprised,excitedorvainaboutclearingthebarat17feet,youcouldn'ttell.Assoonashelandedontheinflatedlandingmat,andwiththecrowdonitsfeet,Michaelimmediatelybeganpreparingforhisnextattemptatflight.Heseemedunawareofthefactthathehadjustbeatenhispersonalbestbythreeinchesandthathewasoneofthefinaltwocompetitorsinthepole-vaultingeventattheNationalJuniorOlympics.迈克尔今天跃过的所有高度显然都是对他刻苦努力的回报。迈克尔·斯通在成功跃过17英尺的横杆时是感到惊讶、激动还是得意,人们无从知晓。迈克尔身体刚刚落在充气垫上,观众还没坐下,他马上就开始准备下一次飞跃。他似乎并未意识到自己刚刚把个人最好成绩提高了3英寸,已经是全国少年奥林匹克运动会撑竿跳高项目最后两名决赛者之一。7WhenMichaelclearedthebarat17feet2inchesand17feet4inches,againheshowednoemotion.Ashelayonhisbackandheardthecrowdgroan,heknewtheothervaulterhadmissedhisfinaljump.Heknewitwastimeforhisfinaljump.Sincetheothervaulterhadfewermisses,Michaelneededtoclearthisvaulttowin.Amisswouldgethimsecondplace.Nothingtobeashamedof,butMichaelwouldnotallowhimselfthethoughtofnotwinningfirstplace.当迈克尔成功跃过17英尺2英寸和17英尺4英寸高度的横杆时,他仍没有流露出丝毫感情。他仰面躺着,听到观众在叹息,他知道另一位撑竿跳运动员最后一跳没有成功。他知道自己最后一跳的时刻到了。由于那位运动员失败次数较少,迈克尔这一跳只有成功才能获胜。这一次跳不过就会使自己落到第二名。那也丝毫无愧,但迈克尔决不让自己产生哪怕一丝与冠军无缘的念头。8Herolledoveranddidhisroutineofthreefinger-tippedpush-ups.Hefoundhispole,stoodandsteppedontherunwaythatledtothemostchallengingeventofhis17-year-oldlife.他翻了个身,照例指尖撑地做了三下俯卧撑。他找着了撑竿,站起身,踏上那引向其17年生命中最具挑战性的一跃的跑道。9Therunwayfeltdifferentthistime.Itstartledhimforabriefmoment.Thenitallhithimlikeawetbaleofhay.Thebarwassetatnineincheshigherthanhispersonalbest.That'sonlyoneinchofftheNationalrecord,hethought.Theintensityofthemomentfilledhismindwithanxiety.Hebeganshakingthetension.Itwasn'tworking.Hebecamemoretense.Whywasthishappeningtohimnow,hethought.Hebegantogetnervous.Afraidwouldbeamoreaccuratedescription.Whatwashegoingtodo?Hehadneverexperiencedthesefeelings.Thenoutofnowhere,andfromthedeepestdepthsofhissoul,hepicturedhismother.Whynow?Whatwashismotherdoinginhisthoughtsatatimelikethis?Itwassimple.Hismotheralwaysusedtotellhimwhenyoufelttense,anxiousorevenscared,takedeepbreaths.这一回,那跑道显得有些异样。刹那间,他感到一阵惊吓。一种惶惑不安的感觉向他袭来。横杆升在高出他个人最高纪录9英寸的高度。他想,这一高度与全国纪录只差1英寸了。这一刻紧张异常,他感到焦虑不安。他想摆脱紧张情绪。没有用。他更紧张了。在这种时刻怎么会这样呢,他暗暗思忖着。他有点胆怯起来。说是恐惧也许更为恰当。怎么办?他以前从来不曾有过这种感觉。这时,不知不觉地,在内心最深处,出现了他母亲的身影。为什么是在这一刻?记忆中,母亲在这种时刻会怎样做呢?很简单。母亲过去总跟他说,当你觉得紧张、焦虑、甚至害怕的时候,就深深地吸气。10Sohedid.Alongwithshakingthetensionfromhislegs,hegentlylaidhispoleathisfeet.Hebegantostretchouthisarmsandupperbody.Thelightbreezethatwasoncetherewasnowgone.Hecarefullypickeduphispole.Hefelthisheartpounding.Hewassurethecrowddid,too.Thesilencewasdeafening.Whenheheardthesingingofsomedistantbirdsinflight,heknewitwashistimetofly.于是他深深吸了一口气。在摆脱腿部肌肉紧张的同时,他轻轻地把撑竿放在脚边。他开始舒展双臂和上身。刚才飘过一阵轻风,此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撑竿,只觉得心怦怦在跳。他相信观众们的心也在怦怦跳动。场上鸦雀无声,令人透不过气来。当他听见远处飞鸟啼鸣时,他知道,自己飞身起跃的时刻到了。11Ashebegansprintingdowntherunway,somethingfeltwonderfullydifferent,yetfamiliar.Thesurfacebelowhimfeltlikethecountryroadheusedtodreamabout.Visionsofthegoldenwheatfieldsseemedtofillhisthoughts.Whenhetookadeepbreath,ithappened.Hebegantofly.Histake-offwaseffortless.MichaelStonewasnowflying,justlikeinhischildhooddreams.Onlythistimeheknewhewasn'tdreaming.Thiswasreal.Everythingseemedtobemovinginslowmotion.Theairaroundhimwasthepurestandfreshesthehadeversensed.Michaelwassoaringlikeaneagle.他沿着跑道起跑冲刺,那感觉奇特无比,妙不可言,而又似曾相识。脚下的地面就好似过去常常梦见的乡间大路。金色麦田的景象映现在他的脑海中。他深深吸了一口气,于是奇迹发生了。他飞起来了。他的起跳轻松自如。迈克尔·斯通此刻就像儿时梦境中的那般在飞行。不过这一次他知道自己不是在做梦。这一次他真的在飞。周围一切都似乎在缓缓移动。他感到周围空气从未像这样纯净清新。如同一头雄鹰,迈克尔在翱翔。12ItwaseithertheeruptionofthepeopleinthestandsorthethumpofhislandingthatbroughtMichaelbacktoearth.Onhisbackwiththatwonderfulhotsunonhisface,heknewhecouldonlyseeinhismind'seyethesmileonhismother'sface.Heknewhisdadwasprobablysmilingtoo,evenlaughing.Whathedidn'tknowwasthathisdadwashugginghiswifeandcrying.That'sright:Bert"IfYouWantIt,WorkForIt"Stonewascryinglikeababyinhiswife'sarms.HewascryingharderthanMildredhadeverseenbefore.Shealsoknewhewascryingthegreatesttearsofall:tearsofpride.Michaelwasimmediatelysurroundedbypeoplehuggingandcongratulatinghimonthegreatestaccomplishmentofhislife.Helaterwentonthatdaytoclear17feet6?inches:aNationalandInternationalJuniorOlympicsrecord.或许是看台上人们爆发出的欢呼声,或许是他着地时嘭的一声响使迈克尔回到现实之中。他仰面躺着,明媚的骄阳映照着他的脸。他知道自己只能想象母亲的笑靥,他知道爸爸或许也在微笑,甚或欢声大笑。他不知道的是,他爸爸正与妻子相拥而泣。没错,这位“要想有所收获,就得努力工作”的伯特·斯通在妻子怀里孩子似地泪流满面。米尔德里德从没见他那样哭过。她也知道,他流淌的是最难得的泪水:骄傲的泪水。迈克尔一下子被围住了,人们拥抱他,祝贺他所取得的一生中最辉煌的成就。那天稍后,他接着越过了17英尺6英寸半,创下了全国和世界少年奥林匹克撑杆跳高的新纪录。13Withallthemediaattentionandsponsorshippossibilities,Michael'slifewouldneverbethesameagain.Itwasn'tjustbecausehewontheNationalJuniorOlympicsandsetanewworldrecord.Anditwasn'tbecausehehadjustincreasedhispersonalbestby9?inches.ItwassimplybecauseMichaelStoneisblind.随着媒体的关注以及可能随之而来的各种赞助,迈克尔的生活肯定会不同以往。这不仅仅是因为他获得了全国少年奥林匹克冠军并刷新了一项世界纪录,也不是因为他将自己的最高纪录提高了9英寸半,而是因为迈克尔·斯通是个盲人。Achanceencountercansometimesmakeallthedifferencetowhetherhardshipbringsoutthebestinusortheworst.磨难到底是能让我们显出内在的美德还是暴露出自身的缺陷,有时一次偶然的遭遇可能会起到决定性的作用。Unit6PartIIReadingTaskTextAAWomanCanLearnAnythingaManCanCarolynTurkWhenIwasakid,everythinginmybedroomwaspink.Ihavetwosistersandwehadacompleteminiaturekitchen,aherdofMyLittlePoniesandseveralBarbieandKendolls.Wedidn'thaveanytoytrucks,G.I.Joesorbasketballs.WedidhaveaWiffle-ballset,butyouwouldhavebeenhard-pressedtofinditinourplayroom.Tomboysweweren't.我小时候卧室里的每样东西都是粉红色的。我有两个姐妹,我们有一个一应俱全的微型厨房,一群各种颜色的小马驹,还有好几个芭比和凯恩玩具娃娃。我们没有玩具卡车,没有玩具大兵,也没有篮球。我们确实有一套空心棒球,但是很难在我们的游戏室找到,毕竟我们不是假小子。SosomepeoplemayfinditironicthatIgrewuptobeamechanicalengineer.Infact,Iamtheonlyfemaleengineeratmycompany.Inordertogetmycollegedegree,Ihadtotakealotofmathandscienceclasses.Ialsohadtoworkwithateamofstudentsaspartofanationalcompetitiontoconvertagas-guzzlingSUVintoahybridelectricvehicle—that'swhereIlearnedhowtofixcars.I'mproudtosaythatIgotA'sinallmyclasses,includingmultivariablecalculusanddifferentialequations.I'vealwaysbeenprettygoodatmathanddesign,butIdidn'tunderstandwherethatcouldtakeme.Iwasexpectedtogotocollege,butnooneevertoldmeI'dmakeagoodengineersomeday.正因为如此,有些人对我长大后成了一名机械工程师也许感到出乎意外。事实上,我是我公司里唯一的一个女工程师。为了取得大学文凭,我要上许多数学和自然科学方面的课程。我还得和几个学生一起工作,作为参与一次全国性竞赛的一部分,把一辆耗费汽油特多的运动型多用途汽车改装成混合型电动车——就这样我学会了修车。我可以自豪地说,我门门功课都是A,包括多变量微积分和微分方程。我的数学和设计总是相当好,但是我不知道这些会给我带来什么样的结果。家里要我上大学,但是没人告诉我有一天会成为一名优秀的工程师。WhenIwasinhighschool,Ididn'tknowthefirstthingaboutengineering.Icouldn'thavedistinguishedatransmissionfromanalternator.ThecarIdroveneededsomeworkbutIwasafraidtotakeittothemechanic.Becausehonestly,themechaniccouldhaveshownmeanelectriccanopenerandsaid,"Thisispartofyourcarandit'sbroken—paymetofixit,"andIwouldn'thaveknownanybetter.我上高中时对工程一无所知。我那时不能辨别变速器和交流发电机。我开的车需要修理,但是我不敢把车开到修理工那里,因为说实话,如果修理工给我看一把电动开罐器并对我说:“这是你的汽车部件,坏了——你付钱我给你修,”我也不会知道他在敲诈。Attheendofmyjunioryearofhighschool,Iheardaboutasummerprogramdesignedtointerestgirlsinengineering.Thesix-weekprogramwasfree,andstudentsweregivencollegecreditandadormroomattheUniversityofMaryland.Iappliedtotheprogram,notbecauseIwantedtobeanengineer,butbecauseIwascravingindependenceandwantedtogetoutofmyparents'houseforsixweeks.我在高中第三年末的时候,听说有一个暑期班,专门培养女孩对工程的兴趣。课程六周,不用缴费,学生还可获得大学学分,还可享受马里兰大学学生宿舍一个房间。我参加这个暑期班,这倒不是因为我想当工程师,而是因为我渴望独立,想离开父母的房子自己单独过上六周。IwasacceptedtotheprogramandIearnedsixengineeringcredits.ThenextyearIenteredtheuniversityasanengineeringmajor.FiveyearslaterIhadadegreeandthreedecentjoboffers.我被这个暑期班录取了,得到了六个工程学分。第二年我上了这个大学,主修工程。五年后我获得学位,还有三个像样的就业机会。Ican'thelpshudderingwhenIhearaboutstudiesthatshowthatwomenareatadisadvantagewhenitcomestomath.TheyimplythatIamsomehowabnormal.I'mnot,butIdoknowthatifIhadn'tstumbledintothatsummerprogram,Iwouldn'tbeanengineer.听到有研究表明女性学数学处于劣势,我不禁不寒而栗。他们的言下之意是我有点反常。我一点也不反常,但是我知道,要不是我偶然闯进了那个暑期班,我是成不了工程师的。WhenIwasgrowingupIwastold,asmanystudentsare,todowhatIambestat.ButIdidn'tknowwhatthatwas.Mostpeoplethinkthatwhenyouaregoodatsomething,itcomeseasilytoyou.ButthisiswhatIdiscovered:justbecauseasubjectisdifficulttolearn,itdoesnotmeanyouarenotgoodatit.Youjusthavetogrityourteethandworkhardertogetgoodatit.Onceyoudo,there'sastrongchanceyouwillenjoyitmorethananythingelse.像许多学生一样,我成长过程中,就有人告诉我要做自己最擅长的事。但是我不知道自己最擅长的是什么。许多人认为,如果你擅长某件事,那你就能轻而易举地把它学好。但是我的发现是:某一门课程难学,并不意味着你就不擅长它。你得咬紧牙加倍努力干,才能学好它。一旦你学好了,你就很可能喜欢上它,从中得到无与伦比的乐趣。IneighthgradeItookalgebra.OnonetestIgotonly36percentoftheanswerscorrect.Ifailedthenextone,too.Istartedtothink,maybeI'mjustnogoodatthis.Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhodidn'ttakemybadgradesasajudgmentofmyabilities,butsimplyasanindicationthatIshouldstudymore.HepulledmeasideandtoldmeheknewIcoulddobetter.Heletmeretakethetests,andIpulledmygradeuptoanA.八年级时我修代数,有一次考试我只答对了百分之三十六的题目。接下去一次考试我又不及格。于是我想,也许我确实不擅长代数。值得庆幸的是我有一位老师,他没有根据我的低分来衡量我的能力,而认为低分只表示我应下更大的功夫。他把我叫到一旁,告诉我他知道我能学得更好。他让我重考,这次我把成绩提高到A。Istudiedalotincollege,too.IhadmomentsofpanicwhilesittingunderneaththebuzzingfluorescentlightsintheengineeringlibraryonSaturdayafternoons,whenIworriedthattheestrogeninmybodywaspreventingmefromunderstandingthermodynamics.Buttheguysinmyclasseshadtoworkjustashard,andIknewthatIcouldn'taffordtoloseconfidenceinmyself.Ididn'twanttochoosebetweenmyfemininityandagoodcareer.SoIremindedmyselfthatthosestudies,theonesthatsaythatmathcomesmorenaturallytomen,arebasedonafaultypremise:thatyoucanjudgeaperson'sabilitiesseparatefromtheculturalcuesthatshehasreceivedsinceshewasaninfant.Nomanisanisland.Nowomanis,either.我在大学也很努力。星期六下午坐在工程图书馆吱吱作响的荧光灯下学习时,我也有过恐惧的时候,担心我体内的雌激素妨碍我理解热动力学。但是我班上的男生也同样要下功夫,我知道我不能对自己丧失信心。我不想在女性的娇柔和一个好职业中间两者只取其一。因此我提醒自己,宣称男性天生更能学好数学的研究是基于一个错误的前提,那就是认为人们可以脱离一个人从孩提时代就受到的社会的文化熏陶而径直判断她的能力。男人不是孤岛,女人也不是。Whyarewesoquicktolimitourselves?I'mnotdenyingthatmostlittlegirlslovedollsandmostlittleboyslovevideogames,anditmaybetruethatsomepeoplefavortherightsideoftheirbrain,andotherstheleft.Buthowrelevantisthattome,ortoanyone,asanindividual?Insteadoftranslatingourdifferencesintohardandfastconclusionsaboutthehumanbrain,whycan'twefocusinsteadonhowincrediblyflexibleweare?Insteadofusingwhatweknowasareasonwhywomencan'tlearnphysics,maybeweshouldconsiderthepossibilitythatourbrainsaremorepowerfulthanweimagine.我们为何要那么快地限制自己呢?我不否认,大多数小女孩喜欢玩具娃娃,大多数小男孩喜欢电子游戏。也许真的是有人喜欢用大脑的右半球,有人则喜欢用左半球。但这与我,或任何其他个人有何相干?为什么要对人与人之间的区别下定结论,说成是与大脑有关,而不能把注意力集中到我们所具备的难以置信的灵活性上去呢?也许我们应该考虑我们的大脑可能比我们想象的强大得多,而不应该用我们所知的一点东西来阐述女人学不会物理的理由。Here'sasecret:mathandsciencedon'tcomeeasilytomostpeople.Noonewaseverbornknowingcalculus.Awomancanlearnanythingamancan,butfirstsheneedstoknowthatshecandoit,andthattakesaleapoffaith.Italsohelpstohaveselectivehearing.秘密在于:数学和自然科学都不是大多数人轻而易举就能学会的。没有人生来就懂微积分。男人学得会的女人也能学会。但是女人首先需要知道她能学会,而这需要有敢冒风险而为的精神。同时听别人的话也得有所选择才行。感谢您的下载,特赠送精品文章《企业管理的五大核心》祝您生意兴隆,事业高攀。企业管理的五大核心在企业成长的过程中,要把企业做大和做强,探究其意义,是一个过程,其间每个阶段所面临的不同问题赋予了企业成长过程中不同的意义。必须不断提升企业的内在素质,形成企业管理的五大核心能力,才能在成长的道路上走的四平八稳。文化管理文化是企业全体员工一致的价值观念和行为准则,企业文化决定了企业的内部凝聚力和外部感染力。文化和理念是企业经营的基本思想,在持续经营和长期发展过程中,是打造优秀团队的坚实向心力。流程管理提高企业效率的关键是流程,实现流程管理需要改变传统管理的一些习惯。1.打破职能习惯:大家都只关注部门的职能完成程度和垂直性的管理控制,部门之间的职能行为往往缺少完整有机的联系,由此导致企业总体效率下降。因此,必须打破职能区隔习惯。2.培养系统思维习惯:将企业的行为视为一个流程集合,对这个集合进行管理和控制,强调全过程的协调及目标化。每一件工作都是流程的一部分,是流程的节点,它的完成必须满足整个流程的时间要求,时间是整个流程中最重要的之一。学会运用思维调理工作排序,安排合理的时间进程,限定目标数量以及完成时间,这样才能高效的完成工作。制度管理从员工来看,制度管理就是一只无形的手,约束他们的行为,若有违反便会受到处罚;另一方面,员工对这种约束制度并不是特别抵触,制度实行好会给日常工作带来便利,如果实行了不适合或者过多强制性的制度那就反其道而行。从管理者的角度,制度对员工的约束不能过紧,否则会如强制性制度那样压榨员工,使员工心存不满。所以管理者不能把员工当作接收工作的机器,必须在执行下,充分发挥其主观能动性。不是每个制度都适用于所有企业,找到适合自己公司体系的制度才是根本。组织管理权力与责任一直是管理中需要平衡的两个方面,让这两个方面处于平衡状态是组织管理要解决的问题。1.指挥统一:一个人只能够有一个直接上司。2.管理幅度:有效的管理幅度是6-10个人。3.分工:根据权责和专业化来进行横向与纵向分工。4.部门化:把分工所产生的同一专业的员工集合于一个部门内,由一个经理来领导并加以协调。组织设计的原则是想平衡权力和责任两者之间的关系。因此实现组织管理需要两个条件:专业化与分权。专业化:所谓专业化是个人具有哪一块专业领域的技能知识,在哪些方面经验丰富,让这一类人就负责管理那个部门的工作。这样一来专人管理专事,才能有效率有质量的完成工作。分权:什么样的权利就做什么样的事,负责好自己范围内的事情。这样有条有理,但是某些领导喜欢越过自己的权限领域,不去发挥自己的专项,而是喜欢涉及其他领域。利用自己的职务权利做出一些指令,其后果却是导致其他人无法很好地完成工作,还会由于自己的不专业引来一些不必要的事端和问题。放权:作为领导和企业高层来讲如果不舍得放权,自己只能越来越累,而且整个公司的业务也会进展很缓慢。因为所有人都要排着队等着你一个人的抉择信息。放权让下属大胆的发挥所长,这样不但会得到尊重,而且领导层也会轻松,工作进展速度也会快,不然你请他来干什么呢?流水线的机器?还是遥控器?你负责按按钮他换台。计划管理无计划不成序,计划管理要解决的是目标和资源之间关系是否匹配的问题。因此,计划管理由三个关键元素构成,目标、资源和两者的匹配关系。目标为基点:目标管理的实现需要三个条件,1.高层强有力的支持;2.目标要能够检验;3.目标要经过高层管理者的确认。资源为对象:很多人通常会以为目标是计划管理的对象,其实计划管理的对象是资源,资源是目标实现的条件,要实现计划,唯一的办法是获得资源。目标与资源匹配为结果:这是衡量计划管理好坏的标准,当所拥有的资源能够支撑目标时,计划管理得以实现。当资源无法支撑目标或者大过目标时,要么是“做白日梦”,要么是浪费资源。让你我更近一步
/
本文档为【全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文 整理版】,请使用软件OFFICE或WPS软件打开。作品中的文字与图均可以修改和编辑, 图片更改请在作品中右键图片并更换,文字修改请直接点击文字进行修改,也可以新增和删除文档中的内容。
[版权声明] 本站所有资料为用户分享产生,若发现您的权利被侵害,请联系客服邮件isharekefu@iask.cn,我们尽快处理。 本作品所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用。 网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽..)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。

历史搜索

    清空历史搜索