考研考博-英语-贵州师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解荟萃

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-贵州师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionaryflyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughvalidforthescience.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoal.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisdifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistsextendorexploit,ratherthantranscendthatform.Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofallartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdiwhocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichasnobearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaro(费力罗的婚礼)issurelyamongthemaster-piecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimitsoftherules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach,instrikinglyoriginalways.1.Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.2.WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?3.Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?问题1选项A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuitsB.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheoriesC.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalformsD.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworks问题2选项A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.问题3选项A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientistsB.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdataC.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalistsD.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralization问题4选项A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】Accordingtotheauthor,distinctionsbetweenthoseengagedinthecreativeartsandinnaturalsciencescaninpartbeexplainedby____.作者认为，创造性艺术和自然科学之间的区别可以在某种程度上解释为____。A.thedifferentobjectivesofthoseinvolvedintheirrespectivepursuitsA.它们各自追求的目标不同B.thedifferentmethodstheyemployinthecollectionofdatatosupporttheirtheoriesB.它们用不同的方法来收集数据以支持它们的理论C.thedifferentwaysinwhichtheyattempttoextendacceptedconventionalformsC.它们用不同的方式尝试扩展已被接受的传统形式D.thedifferentprinciplesoforganizationthattheyutilizeinordertocreatenewworksD.它们用不同的组织原则来创作新作品【答案】A【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词distinctions、creativearts和naturalsciences定位到原文第1段第4句，该句提到“高度创造性的艺术和高度创造性的科学之间的差异，部分原因在于它们的目标不同（adifferenceintheirgoal）。”由此可知，A选项“它们各自追求的目标不同”表述正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“它们用不同的方法来收集数据以支持它们的理论”，原文第1段第5句提到“新的理论是科学创造追求的目标（anewtheoryisthegoalandendresult），数据是支持新理论的手段。”由此可知，该选项只体现了其中的一方，并且不是两者之间的区别，属于以偏概全；C选项“它们用不同的方式尝试扩展已被接受的传统形式”，原文第1段第7句提到“艺术创造的目标是现象本身（thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct），为此会延伸和开发原有的形式。”由此可知，该选项只体现了其中的一方，并且不是两者之间的区别，属于以偏概全；D选项“它们用不同的组织原则来创作新作品”，原文第1段第2句提到“高度创造性的活动超越了现有形式的限制，并建立了新的组织原则（establishesanewprincipleoforganization）”，但原文并没有说创造性艺术和科学的区别在于组织原则不同，该选项属于过度推理。第2题:【选项释义】WhydoestheauthorsuggestthattheworkofBeethovenwas,highlycreative?为什么作者认为贝多芬的作品很有创造力？A.Becausehesoughttobecometheonlycomposerofhistimetochallengeacceptedmusicalconventions.A.因为他试图成为那个时代唯一一个挑战公认音乐传统的作曲家。B.Becauseheadoptedanewprincipleoforganizationinhisworkbyutilizinginnovativestrategies.B.因为他在工作中采用了新的组织原则，运用了创新的策略。C.Becausehecreativelymanipulatedtheacceptedrulesandformsgoverningmusicalcomposition.C.因为他创造性地运用了公认的音乐创作规则和形式。D.Becausehesynthesizedatransitionbetweentheolderstylisticconventionandthenewermusicalform.D.因为他形成了新旧音乐形式之间的过渡。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Beethoven定位到原文第2段最后三句话。倒数第一句提到“他是一位无与伦比的战略家，他从……等前辈那里继承了规则（rules）、形式（forms）和惯例（conventions），并以惊人的原创方式（originalways）加以利用。”由此可知，作者认为贝多芬作品的创造力来自对规则、形式和惯例的创造性继承，C选项“因为他创造性地运用了公认的音乐创作规则和形式”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“因为他试图成为那个时代唯一挑战公认音乐传统的作曲家”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“因为他在工作中采用了新的组织原则，运用了创新的策略”可定位到原文第2段倒数第2句，该句提到“贝多芬的作品并没有推翻任何基本的规则（overturnednofundamentalrules）。”由此可知，该选项表述错误；D选项“因为他形成了新旧音乐形式之间的过渡”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。第3题:【选项释义】Thepassageimpliesthatanoriginalcontributioninscienceisonethat____.这篇文章暗示，在科学上的原创贡献是____。A.isoftenquotedintheworkofotherscientistsA.一种在其他科学家的作品中经常被引用的贡献B.iscarefulnottomakeavaluejudgmentabouttheuseofdataB.一种很谨慎不对数据的使用做出价值判断的贡献C.isapplaudedbyalldistinguishedexperimentalistsC.一种受到所有杰出的实验家的赞扬的贡献D.generatesanovelandwell-foundedgeneralizationD.一种生成新颖并且有充分根据的概括表达的贡献【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词anoriginalcontributioninscience定位到原文第1段第5句，该句提到“对于科学来说，新理论（anewtheory）是创造行为的目标和最终结果。”由此可知，科学创新就是要建立新的理论。另外，第1段第7句提到“像一颗灿烂的钻石或一只筑巢的鸟这样的现象，被降级为数据的角色，作为形成或检验新理论的手段（servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory）。”由此可知，新的理论形成之前会通过现象数据的检验。综上，D选项“一种生成新颖且有充分根据的概括表达的贡献”表述正确，一种新的概括表达就是指一种新的理论。【干扰项排除】A选项“一种在其他科学家的作品中经常被引用的贡献”，原文并未提及“被引用”，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“一种很谨慎不对数据的使用做出价值判断的贡献”，原文只是提到某些现象作为数据用来检验新的理论，并没有提及“数据的价值判断”，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“一种受到所有杰出的实验家的赞扬的贡献”，原文并未提及“杰出的实验家的赞扬”，该选项属于无中生有。第4题:【选项释义】Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthefinalsentenceofthepassage?下面哪个选项最有可能跟在文章的最后一句话后面？A.Inthesimilarmanner,severalmoderncomposerssuccessfullyestablishedmusicalconventions.A.以类似的方式，一些现代作曲家成功地建立了音乐传统。B.Similarly,thesucceedinggenerationofcomposersmanipulatedacceptedmusicalforms.B.同样地，后来的作曲家们也运用了已被接受的音乐形式。C.IncontrasttoBeethoven,however,evengreatmoderncomposerslikeBelaBertokdidnotattempttoalteracceptedmusicalconventions.C.然而，与贝多芬不同的是，即使是像贝拉•贝尔托克这样伟大的现代作曲家也没有试图改变公认的音乐传统。D.Musicologistsarecontinuingtostudythecompositionalstylesofcomposersinordertodeterminewhethertheircontributionshavebeeninnovative.D.音乐学家正在继续研究作曲家的创作风格，以确定他们的贡献是否具有创新性。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefinalsentence定位到原文最后一句，该句提到“相反，他（贝多芬）是一位无与伦比的战略家，他从海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫等前辈那里继承了规则、形式和惯例，并以惊人的原创方式加以利用。”由此可知，该句讲的是贝多芬音乐的创造性。本题询问的是这一句话的后面可能会跟哪一句话，先分析一下本段的行文逻辑。本段的结构是“总分式”主要分三部分：第一部分，前两句，总述“并不是否认艺术领域的创造性会建立新的组织原则，只是笼统地说，是否确立了新的原则（anewprinciple），与其美学价值无关（hasnobearingonitsaestheticworth）”；第二部分，介绍体现了“新的组织原则的作品”；第三部分，用莫扎特和贝多芬的例子，介绍虽然没有创造新的组织原则，但体现了美学价值的作品。根据原文的行文逻辑判断，接在最后一句话后的语句应也是介绍没有创造新的组织原则，但体现了美学价值的作品，因此，B选项“同样地，后来的作曲家们也运用了已被接受的音乐形式”符合原文行文逻辑。【干扰项排除】A选项“以类似的方式，一些现代作曲家成功地建立了音乐传统”，“建立新的音乐传统”即建立新的组织原则，是最后一段第二部分的内容，接在第三部分之后不合适；C选项“然而，与贝多芬不同的是，即使是像贝拉•贝尔托克这样伟大的现代作曲家也没有试图改变公认的音乐传统。”原文没有体现接下来的内容会转折的暗示，该选项没有B选项符合原文行文逻辑；D选项“音乐学家正在继续研究作曲家的创作风格，以确定他们的贡献是否具有创新性”，原文第1段就指出了“艺术创造的目标是现象本身（thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproduct）”，由此可知，作者认为他们的作品是有艺术创新性的。该选项表述不符合作者在本文中的观点。2.单选题Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasgone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______.2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,______.3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave______.4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat______.5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat______.问题1选项A.it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevilB.it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutitC.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevilD.it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil问题2选项A.societyistobeheldresponsibleB.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforitC.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblameD.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved问题3选项A.lessself-disciplineB.bettersenseofdisciplineC.moremutualrespectD.lesseffectivegovernment问题4选项A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminalsB.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandardsC.today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficultyD.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities问题5选项A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamiliesB.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollowC.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehaviorD.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.（一位智者曾经说过，邪恶获胜的唯一必要条件就是好人什么都不做。），通过阅读全文进一步理解其深层含义，可以推断出这句话暗示着：如果好人对邪恶坐视不管，那它就会盛行猖獗。因此B选项“如果好人不采取行动，邪恶肯定会占上风”正确。A选项“面对邪恶，好人没有必要去做什么”，C选项“美德战胜邪恶是很自然的事”，D选项“善良的人远离邪恶是可取的”均不符合原文内容，所以A,C,D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.（我们迫切需要更多的人相信，犯罪的人应该负责。），说明作者指出美国需要更多人认为罪犯实施犯罪行为的责任应归咎于他自身。因此C选项“犯罪者本人应承担相应的责任”正确。A选项“社会要负责任”，B选项“现代文明应对此负责”，D选项“应该提高生活水平”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到第六段第一句Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim（幸运的是，仍然有一些社区——通常是小城镇——在那里，学校维持纪律，家长们坚持标准），接下来第七段第一句说到Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.（然而，尤其是在大城市和市郊，这些内在的约束正在越来越多地放松。），说明大城市的人比小城镇的人自律性更差。因此A选项“自律性较差”正确。B选项“更好的纪律意识”，C选项“更多的相互尊重”，D选项“政府的效率较低”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第三段Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.（这种崩溃的主要原因是人们态度的根本转变。30年前，如果犯罪发生了，社会被认为是受害者。现在有一个令人震惊的逆转，罪犯会被认为是受害者：他贫困的成长环境，学校没有教他读书，没有给他道德指导的教堂，没有给他提供稳定家庭的父母。），说明从前人们谴责的是罪犯，而现在则相反，人们认为罪犯是他不良成长环境的受害者，可知人们在宽恕罪犯。因此A选项“大城市的人们倾向于为罪犯开脱罪责”正确。B选项“小镇里的人仍然坚持旧的纪律和标准”，由原文可知，作者认为小城镇坚持旧的纪律和价值标准是好的，所以B错误。C选项“当今社会对处于困境的人缺乏同情心”，由原文可知，作者认为人们在宽恕罪犯正是由于公众对罪犯给予了过多的同情，所以C错误。D选项“处境不利的人都在从事犯罪活动”，由原文可知，作者提到很多处在困境中的人并没有犯罪，说明人并不是遇到逆境都会犯罪，犯罪是缺乏责任感的表现，所以D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章围绕accountability“问责”展开论述，并借当今社会人们为罪犯找借口推脱责任的例子指出人们应当对个人行为负责。因此D选项“更多的人应该接受问责的价值”最能体现文章主旨。A选项“在学校和家庭中应保持更严格的纪律性”，B选项“应该树立更多的好榜样供人们学习”，C选项“应该对人们的行为施加更多的限制”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。3.单选题“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”问题1选项A.jealousyB.sorenessC.luckD.parsimony【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至连买个面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相当吝啬。A选项为“嫉妒”；B选项为“悲伤，痛苦”；C选项为“幸运”；D项“吝啬的，过度节俭”，因此，D项是正确答案。4.写作题Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.【答案】DearMr.Liu,IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.Sincerelyyours,ChenLing5.单选题Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto（）themysteriousmurder.问题1选项A.comethroughB.lookintoC.makeoverD.seeto【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A项comethrough“经历，安然度过”，B项lookinto“调查，观察”，C项makeover“转让，移交”，D项seeto“注意，负责”。根据前面的关键词detectiveandhisassistant（侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。故该题选择B项正确。6.单选题Yesterdaywassucha______daywedecidedtogoforadrive.问题1选项A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation【答案】A【解析】【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气______，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.填空题Sheisaprettygirlandloves（）（fashion）clothesandshoes.【答案】fashionable【解析】放在名词前，故用形容词形式。8.单选题Ajournalist’sfriendwhohasbeenlivinginNewYorkformanyyearswritesacolumnforaChinesenewspaperinHongKongonculturalsubjects,andChineseandWesterntraditions,recentlytouchedonthequestion:whytranslationsofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdonotsellwellabroad?Quotingamainlandsource,DongDingshanrevealedthatinFrance,whichprobablyhasthefinesttastesforartandcultureintheworld,only10copiesoftranslatedworksbyLuXunandBaJinweresoldin1994.ThepoorsalesareareminderthatcontemporaryChineseliteraturehasyettosecureaplaceontheworldstageascommensuratewithitsachievements.OneexplanationisthatwhilemanyChineseauthorsnowadaystakegreatprideinhavingtheirworkstranslatedintoforeignlanguages,fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries.Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders.Thetwoareinterrelatedbutbothshowalackofunderstandingoftheforeignreadership.However,whatseemstobethegreatestdifficultytoDongonthetranslationofliteraryworksforforeignconsumptionisrenderingthedistinctlydifferentstylesofChineseprosewriting.WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders.Especiallyinthecaseofnewswriting,clarityissupremeanduselesswordsonlydistractfromastory’sreadability.Inviewofthis,translationoflyricalworksisoftenathanklessjob.Dongbelievesessaysandprosestandamuchbetterchanceofsuccess.Asfornovels,successdependsonwhetherforeignreaderscanfollowthestorieswhicharedevelopedincircumstanceswithwhichtheyareentirelyunfamiliar.ItisseldomrealizedthatsuccessfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator.WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish,notjustcorrectsentences.TheChinesetranslatorwhoreliesonadictionaryeverystepofthewayisunlikelytoproducetranslationsthatcaninterestreaders,Dongbelieves.ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChinesenovelsareideallytranslatedbynativespeakersofEnglish,asdidProfessorJeffreyKinkleywhorecentlytranslatedImperfectParadisebythecontemporaryChinesewriterShenCongwen.Kindlytooknoteintheprefaceofhistranslationthatword-for-wordtranslationonlyhurtstheoriginal-acredoheardoftenenoughamongtranslationcirclesinChinabutwhichismucheasiersaidthandone.1.Thepassageismainlyabout（ ）.2.DongDingshan’sattitudetowardcontemporaryChineseliteraturetranslationcanbebestsummarizedas（ ）.  3.Translationofnovelsbywell-knowncontemporaryChineseauthorsdon’tsellwellabroadmainlybecause（ ）.  4.AccordingtoDongDingshan,whatisthedifferenceinprosewritingbetweenChineseandforeigners?5.AllthefollowingcanimpliedfromthepassageEXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.translationoflyricalworksB.impropertranslationC.understandingoftheforeignreadershipD.achievementsofChineseliteraturetranslation问题2选项A.unsatisfactoryB.cheerfulC.hopefulD.indifferent问题3选项A.translatednovelsdonotmeetforeignreaders’tasteandinterestB.novelsbeingtranslatedarebestonesbyfamouswritersC.mosttranslatedworkshavedistortedtheoriginalsD.foreignreaders’tastehavechangedalot问题4选项A.ChineseproseistoopoliticalB.TherearemoreadjectivesanddecorativewordsinChineseproseC.TherearemorephilosophicalideasinforeignproseD.Foreignproseisverypersonal问题5选项A.AgoodtranslationofChinesenovelistheco-creationoftheauthorandtranslatorB.AnexcellenttranslatorshouldhaveagoodcommandofChineseandforeignlanguagewritingskillsC.DongDingshanbelievesthatChinesetranslatorcandobetterjobintranslatingChinesenovelsintoEnglishD.Word-for-wordtranslationmayhurttheoriginal【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.考察文章大意。文章第一段提出“中国的作品翻译成外国文字后出售不多”这种现象。接下来作者提出了造成这种现象的原因：一是中国作家并没有考虑自己的作品能否被外国人理解（fewhaveanyideahowmuchtheirnovelswouldbeunderstood,nottosayenjoyed,inforeigncountries）；二是中国译者选择翻译的作品都是通过自己的主观判断，而没有考虑受众的口味（theirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。接着作者就不同体裁的翻译来说明了不合适的译文是导致外国读者看不懂内容。选项B符合题意。2.考察作者的观点态度。作者在文章提到之所以中国的作品在国外不畅销，原因就是没有适合的译本，因此可以判断出作者对当下的这些译本是不满意的。选项A符合题意。3.考察细节事实问题。文章第四段提到中国作品在国外不受欢迎的原因之一是译者选择作品时是根据主观的判断，而没有考虑国外读者的口味（Anotheristhatthosewhohavethepowertoselectworksfortranslationareguidedentirelybytheirownverysubjectivestandardsratherthanthetasteandinterestsofforeignreaders）。选项A符合题意。4.考察细节事实问题。文章第五段WhereasChinesewritersliketoheapadjectivesanddecorativewords,suchdescriptionsareapttobemeaninglessorannoyingtoforeignreaders提到中国作家喜欢堆砌一些形容词和修饰词，这些词对于外国读者来说是没有意义甚至会干扰他们阅读，选项B符合题意。5.考察推理判断问题。根据文章倒数第三段successfultranslationofChinesenovelsisinvariablytheco-reationoftheauthorandtranslator可排除选项A；根据文章倒数第三段第二句WithagoodcommandofChinesewritingskills,thetranslatorisideallyalsosomeonewhowritesgood,decentEnglish可排除选项B；根据文章倒数第一段第一句话ThereisagreatdealofsenseinDong’sbeliefthatChine