2021年一模七选五专项(1)

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT1朝阳BlindOlympicAthletesShowtheUniversalNatureTuneintoanysportscoverageonTV,andyouwillseemanyathletesproudlyraisetheirarmsandheadsinvictory,whileamuchlargernumberhangtheirshouldersandnecksindefeat.Studieshaverevealedwhy—theyareuniversalbehaviours,performedbyhumansinresponsetosuccessandfailure.ThediscoverycamefromJessicaTracyfromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandDavidMatsumotofromSanFranciscoStateUniversity,whowantedtoseehowpeopleshowedfeelingsofprideandshame.35Theytriedtofindalargegroupofpeople,anditwascriticallyimportantthatsomeofthesesubjectshadneverseenotherpeoplereactingtosuccessorfailurebefore.TheanswerwasAthens,duringthe2004OlympicGames.Itssistercompetition—theParalympics—includedmanyathleteswhowerebornblind.36Workingwithaprofessionalphotographer,TracyandMatsumotocomparedthebodylanguageof108competitors,41ofwhomhadlosttheirsight,and12ofwhomwereblindfrombirth.Thephotographerrepeatedlytookpicturesoftheseathletesaftertheircompetitions,andtheresearcherscarefullyrecordedthepositionsoftheirheads,armsandbodies.37Thewinnerstiltedtheirheadsup,smiled,liftedtheirarmsandpuffedouttheirchests,whileshouldersbentforwardandnarrowedchestswerethemarksoflosers.38Menandwomenwhohaveneverseenotherpeoplebehaveinthesewaysstillmakeexactlythesamemovements.Andwhileit’spossiblethatparentsmayhavetaughttheirblindchildrensomeoftheseactions,it’sveryunlikelythattheycouldhavetaughtthemall—particularlytheexpansionornarrowingofthechest.Theseactionswerealsoremarkablyconsistentbetweencontestantsfromeverypartoftheworld.TracyandMatsumotoarguethatprideandshamedeserveaplacealongsideotherprimaryemotionslikehappiness,fearandsurprise.39A.Theyareinbornbehavioursandareaccompaniedbytheirowndistinctsetsofactions.B.Infact,theculturewasfoundtohaveonlyaverysmalleffectontheirbodylanguage.C.Therefore,theycouldnothavewitnessedhowotherpeoplereactedtowinningandlosing.D.Theresultsuggestedthattheathleteswereshowingtheirpridebasedoncarefulobservation.E.Theathletes’behavioursgivestrongevidencethattheyhavehadtheactionsnaturallysincebirth.F.Analyzingthedata,theyfoundthatthesightedandsightlessathletesbehavedinalmostexactlythesameways.G.Inparticular,theywantedtoknowwhethertheseexpressionswereculturallydeterminedandlearnedthroughobservation.门头沟Healthyeating,likemanythings,doesn'thavetobeanall-or-nothingenterprise.Ifyou'relookingtoeathealthier,hereareafewsimplethingsyoucandothatdon'tinvolveanextremediet.Figureouttheproblem.It'simportanttoknowwhatyou'retryingtofix.Youwouldjustfirstofallgettotherootoftheproblemandseewhatthemainobstaclesare._35_Ifyoudecidethatyouspendtoomuchtimemindlesslysnacking,maybeit'sbecauseyourmealsaren'tfillingenough,oryouneedmorenutritionally-balancedsnacksaround.Startsmall,Makeoneortwochangestoyourdailyroutineandseehowthatgoes.Ifit'sdoableandsustainable,tryaddinganotherchangeandseehowthatfeels._36__Ifthehabityouaredevelopingiscustomized（定制）toyou，toyourlifestyle，tohowyoufeelandtoyourreality,itwillbeeasyforyoutorepeatitandtomakeitahabit.____37______Wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentuponprocessedandconvenientrestaurantmeals.Ourtastebuds（味蕾）cancometolongforthesehigh-fat，high-saltfood.Cookingmoreoftencanoftenimproveyourdietaryqualityanddecreaseyourrelianceuponthesefoods.Addsomefibre.Manyofusfeel"fullandenergized"afterahigh-fibremealorsnack.Rememberthatfibrefillsusuponfewcalories.___38____High-fibredietshavebeenlinkedtoarangeofhealthbenefits,includingprotectingagainstdisease.Weshouldchoosewholegrains,andaddchiaseedstothingslikecerealoryogurttoboosttheirfibrecontent.Usesmallerplates.Usingsmallerplatesatmealtimeisaneasythingtodothatcanbringusbigbenefits._39Makesurethathalfyourplateiscoveredinfruitsorveggies.Makeacommitmenttofocusonlife-longbehaviourchangeusingstrategiesthatarehealthy,enjoyableandthereforesustainable.Cookmoreathome.Relyonrestaurantmeals.It'saboutbuildingnewhabits.D.Then,youcanlookatthecause.E.Youcanturntoyourfriendsforhelpifnecessary.F.Itslowsdigestion，lowerscholesterol（胆固醇）andstabilizesbloodsugars.G.Thiswillhelptocontrolportion（食物的一份）sizessothatyoucanbeamoremindfuleater.丰台WhatCanWeSeeinaLogo?Weseehundredsoflogosonsigns,vehicles,websites,andevenontheclotheswewear.Alloftheselogosaredesignedtoattractourattention.35However,recentlyresearchsupportstheideathatrememberingwhatalogolookslikeisaverydifficulttask.Researchersgave85studentsasimpleassignmenttodrawtheApplelogopurelyfrommemory.Surprisingly,onlyonestudentinthestudycouldaccuratelydrawthelogofrommemory.36Researchershavedevelopedatheorythattheythinkmighthelptoexplainthisblindspotinourmemories.Logosaretypicallydesignedtobesimpleandeasytorecognizewithaquickglance.Yetthefrequentexposuretotheselogoscanactuallymakeourbrainsoverlookthem.Thisprocessisknownas“attentionalsaturation(注意力饱和).”37Eventhoughthebrainisaccustomedtoignoringunnecessarydetails,itisalsoprogrammedforrecognition.Whenweseeimagessuchaslogosoverandoveragain,webecomefamiliarwiththem.Thisconstantexposureleadstosomethingscientistsrefertoasgist(梗概)memory.38Thisgeneralsenseofmemoryhasitsownbenefits.Infact,familiaritywithapopularlogocanevenmakepeoplefeelmorecomfortableaboutpurchasingorusingcertainproducts.Logosareeverywherewelooktoday.Afancydesignorathoughtfulcolorcombinationmaybeagoodstartforalogoconcept,butthereareotherfactorstoconsider.39Acleverdesignmaybeinteresting,butmostpeoplewillforgetthedetails-especiallyifourbrainshaveanythingtosayaboutit.A.Thismaybeinspiringtologodesigners.B.Peoplewillknowtheproductbehindthelogo.C.Sowhyisitsodifficultforpeopletorecallthedetailsofimages?D.Theyalsohelpusrememberaproductorserviceconnectedtothatimage.E.Itmeansthatourbrainremembersthebasicideawithoutallofthedetails.F.Ourbrainsactuallysignalustoignoreinformationwedon'tthinkwewillneedtoremember.G.Logodesignersneedtoknowthatpeoplewillonlyrememberwhattheybelieveisworthwhile.石景山TheeffectsofworkingwhileattendingschoolorcollegeYouthsworkingwhileinschoolorcollegeseemslikeatraditioninmanycountriesandthetrendisgrowing.Arecentstudyhasfoundthat80%ofstudentsinsomecountrieshaveatleastaparttimejobduringtheirstudyyears.Whydostudentslookforemployment?35Educationcostsarehigh,andcollegetuitionshavegrownconsiderablyduringthelastfewyears.Moreover,parentsalsocontributelesstowardcoveringtheeducationcostsoftheirchildren,whichmeansstudentsmustearntheirownmoneywhilestudying.Havingajobduringschoolorcollegeyearsaffectsthestudents’personalandacademiclives.Firstofall,employedstudentshavelessfreetimeand,asaresult,theycan’tbearoundtheirfamilyorfriendsasoftenastheywouldwant.Theylacksleepandaremorestressed,andtheymayevendevelophealthproblems.Furthermore,studentemploymentalsoimpactsacademicperformance.Anewresearchshowsthatstudentsworkingmorethan20hoursaweekhavelowergradesthanthosewhoworklessornotatall.36However,thebenefitsofstudentemploymentarealsonotable.Itseemsthatemployedstudentstendtobemoreengagedinacademicactivitiesthanthosewhodonotwork,probablybecausetheyhavedevelopedahighersenseofresponsibility.37Firstly,freshgraduateswhoalreadyhaveworkexperiencegainedduringtheirstudyyearshavebetterchancesoflandingajob.Employersusuallyprefertohireagraduatewithworkplaceexperience,becausetheyneedn’tspendtoomuchtimeandresourcestotrainthenewemployee.Secondly,studiesshowthatworkinglearnersaremorelikelytomoveintoamanagerialpositionsoonaftergraduating.38Astheytrydifferentjobsduringtheirschoolyears,theyaremoreawareoftheirjobpreferencesandtargetfield,andthusfarlessconfusedthanfreshgraduateswhohaveneverworked.Tosumup,becauseoffinancialdifficulties,manyyouthslookforemploymentwhileattendingschoolorcollege,andthiscanhavepositiveornegativeeffectsontheirlives.39Inthisway,employedstudentscangainnoteworthyadvantagesintermsofcareerpathaftertheygraduate.A.Themaincauseisfinancialpressure.B.Studentemploymenthasaneffectonfuturecareersaswell.C.Thegovernmenthasincreasedfundingforhighereducation.D.Theystatethatthejoblimitsthenumberofclassestheycantake.E.Employedstudentsknowwhattypeofworkfieldwouldbebestfitforthem.F.Finally,employedstudentsdevelopabetterappreciationofthecareerpathtopursue.G.Soguidanceshouldbegiventohelpthemkeepaproperbalancebetweenstudyandwork.东城Reversal—changeyourperspectiveandsolveyourproblemIt’softenyourdefinitionofaproblemthatlimitsyouinfindingasuitablesolution.Creativesolutionsrequireachangeofperspective.35Thereversaltechniqueisacreativethinkingtechniquethatisbasedonthethoughtthattochangeyourperspective,yousometimesneedtochangetheorderofthewordsinyourproblemdefinition.Howyouchangetheorderofthewordsdoesn’tmattermuch,aslongasthekeywordsarereversed.36Yourchallengeis“Howdowemakesurethatfewerpeopletakecarstotheirwork?”.Swappingthekeywords,youcouldrephrasethischallengeas“Howdowemakesurethatfewercarstakepeopletotheirwork?”Inthiscase,thefirststatementwillmakeyouthinkofalternativemeansoftransportation,liketrainsorbikes,whilethesecondstatementwillprobablymakeyouthinkofsolutionslikecarpooling—fewercarsforthesamenumberofpeople.Noteveryproblemstatementissuitableforareversal.Sometimesusingthistechniquerequiresyoutofirstrephrasethequestionaltogether.37Forinstance,thequestion“howmightwesellmorewashingmachines?”isnoteasilyreversed—thereisnokeywordtoswapwith“washingmachines”.Yet,whenyourephrasethequestionto“Howmightwesellmorewashingmachinestoyoungparents?”youcaneasilychangeitto“Howmightwesellmoreyoungparentstowashingmachines?38Youcouldinterpretthislastsentenceas“thewashingmachinepaystheyoungparentstotryitout”.Then,youcouldstartcommunicatingtopotentialbuyershowmuchtheywillsaveeachyearwhentheychooseyourenergyefficientwashingmachine.Asthisexampleshows,somereversalswillrequireaveryflexiblewayofthinking.39However,thinkingaboutthetinyamountoftimeitwill“cost”youtotryoutareversal,youhaveverylittletoloseand,potentially,lotstogain.A.Thesecondproblemstatementismuchmorelogical.B.Oftenithelpstoaddonemorekeywordtothesentence.C.Rephrasingyourchallengeistochangetheproblemstatement.D.Agreatwaytodothisisby“reversing”yourproblemstatement.E.Forinstance,imagineyouareresponsibleforlimitingthetrafficjaminyourarea.F.Admittedly,itisaveryunusualchallenge,butitmightjuststimulateacreativethought.G.Noteveryonewillbeabletomovefromanunreasonablestatementtoausefulsolution.西城Ifyoutextoften,youlikelyhavea“textingstyle”.Doyouoftenuseemojis?Orwhataboutusingcorrectpunctuation(标点)?Whatdoallthesetextinghabitssayaboutyou?Tohelpyouunderstandyourself,herearesometextingstylesthatcantellyoualotaboutyourpersonality.Doyoualwaysuseemojiswhenyou’retexting?You’remostlikelysomeonewhoisopentoshowingyouremotionsandistruthful.35Tomakesuretheotherpersondoesn’tgetthewrongideaaboutyourmessages,youmakesuretoexpressthetoneofmessageswithanemoji,whichcanbeoftenusedaseffectivesignalsinmodernsocialcommunication.Ifyouliketorespondinone-wordtextslikeaquick“Good”,thenyoumostlikelyhaveamorereservedpersonality,andaren’tasopenwithyourtruethoughtsandfeelings.Becauseyouarenotasopenwithyouremotionsintexts,youmaynotcarehowlengthyyourresponseis.Butbecareful.36Doyouvaluepunctuationandgrammarinyourwriting?Thisloveofgrammargoesstraightintoyourtextsaswellasyouremails.Thisseemslikeagreatthing,doesn’tit?Butintexting,peopleseemtothinkotherwise.Simplyplacingaperiodattheendofsentencesintextscanmakeyoucomeacrossasuntrustworthytoothers.37Withthistextingstyle,youarerootedinlogicandalwayspayattentiontothelittledetails.Areyourtextslengthyandthoughtful?38Similartosomeonewhotextswithperfectgrammar,youareathoughtfulanddetail-orientedperson,whoenjoysdeepconversationsandlikesthingsthatarecontrolledandstable.39Whichtextingpersonalityareyou?Areyouamixofseveraltypes?It’simportanttonotethateveryonehasdifferentwaysoftextingindifferentsituations.Everyonetextstheircolleaguesinadifferentstylefromtheirfamilyortheirfriends.Ifyoueverthinksomeonemayhaveleftyouanunclearorrudetext,it’sbettertojustaskthemin-personwhattheymeantorwhattheywerefeeling.A.Doyourelatetoanyofthesetextingpersonalities?B.Doyouknowthatyouandyourfriendsmayhavedifferentstyles?C.Suchtextsmayalsoberatedaslesssincerethanthosethatdonot.D.Youmaybethebusytypewhodoesn’thavealotoftimetorespond.E.You’rethetypeofpersonwhounderstandstheimportanceofcontext.F.Youwantotherstoknowhowyou’refeelingwhenyou’reusingamessage.海淀TheChangingLandscapeoftheMusicBusinessThemusicindustryisintheprocessofagreatchange.Inthepastdecades,artistsmademoneythroughphysicalsalesofrecords,CDs,andcassettes,Whileinrecentyears,downloadingsongsfromservicessuchasAmazonoriTuneshasbecomethemostcommonwayforpeopletopurchasemusic,andthewholeideaofbuyingmusictoownmaybefallingTotakeitsplaceareInternetappsthatStreammusicdirectlytoleanersontheirsmartphones,labels.ocomputers.35Whilethisisgreatforfanswhonowhaveaces10millionsofsongsatheflickofatouchscreen,ithasshatteredthetraditionalmodelofhowanartistmanageshisorhercareer.Withmusicloversincreasinglymovingawayfrommakingone-timepurchasestowardsanall-you-can-listen-toservice,whatisahard-workingartisttodo?Themainproblemfacingmanymusiciansisthatpayments-per-streamofasongaremuchlowerthanwhatanartistwouldreceivefromadownload,36InNovemberof2014,award-winningmusicianTaylorSwiftpulledherentiremusiccatalogfromSpottily,apopularstreamingapp,claimingthattheirbusinessmodelsuggeststhatmusicdoesnotholdmuchworth.37Theyclaimthatitofferssmallerartistsachancefortheirmusictogetheardbyawideraudience.BrianMessage,managerofthebandRadiohead,hascomeoutinsupportofstreamingservices.Heseesthemasawayformusiciansandfanstointeract.Regardlessofwhatartistsmaythinkaboutthischangeinthemusicindustry,there'snoarguingthattheyneedtoadaptinordertomakemoney38.Corporatesponsorshipcanbeariskyoptionformusicians.Abandcanmakemuchmoneybyagreeingtopromoteaproductorlicenseitsmusicforuseinadvertisements-buttherearemarrywaysthatthiscanbackfire.Whenhandsworkwithbusinesses.theymaylosetheimageheyhaveworkedtocreate.39Artistsmustdevelopanimagethatappealstotheirfarmsinordertoremainuniqueandauthentic,ortheyriskstrikingthewrongchord,whichcouldleavethemstrugglingtosustaincareerisminthisnewbusinesslandscape.A.Othershavewelcomedtheideaofstreamingmusic.B.However,thoseformsofmediaarequicklyfadingaway.C.Somebig-nameartistshavecalledattentiontotheissue.D.Themulescouldbedifferentforsmallerbandsjuststartingout.E.Maintainingafineimagewhileworkingonacareeriscertainlytricky.F.Onemajorshiftisthegrowthinpartnershipbetweenartistsandbusinesses.G.Theseappsareavailableeitherasfreeversionsorasmonthlysubscriptionservices