organizationalpatterns

IdentifyingOrganizationalPatterns段落组织模式Whenyouaretryingtocomprehendapassageoranessayitishelpfultoexaminehowtheauthorarrangesthesentencestoconveyhis/hermessage.Authorswantreaderstocomprehendthemessageandideasinapassage,sotheywillorganizetheinformationinawaytomakeitclearandeasilyunderstood.Thismethodoforganizingandarrangingsentenceswithinanessayorpassageisreferredtoasan"organizationalpattern."Organizationalpatternsarethewayauthorsarrangeandorganizetheirtext.PatternsthatListPatternsthatExplainPatternsthatAnalyzeIdentifyingOrganizationalPatternsPatternsthatList1;SimplelistingInthispattern,theauthorpresentsfacts,detail,examples,cases,ideas,andothersupportinlistform.Thisorganizationalpatternresemblesagrocerylist,sinceitcontainsitemsthatarenotinanyparticularorder.Itisveryimportanttorememberthatinthesimplelistingorganizationalpatterntheorderoftheitemsisnotimportantfortheauthor'smeaningorargumenttobeunderstood.2;OrderofimportanceInthispattern,thedetailsandexamplesofthepassagearepresentedinaveryspecificorder.Theauthororganizesthedetailseithersothemostimportantdetailcomesfirstorlast,dependingupontheauthor'swritingtechniqueandstyle.•TimeorderThispatternisalsoreferredtoas"chronologicalorder."Inthispattern,theauthorpresentstheeventsofastoryorthedetailsofapassageintheorderinwhichtheyoccurredintime.3;Sequence/ProcessInthispattern,theauthorpresentsalistofdetailsinaveryspecificorder.Unlikethe"orderofimportance"organizationalpattern,thesequence/processpatternreliesonthepresentationofevents,stages,orstepsthatmustoccurinaspecificanddefiniteorderforthereadertoproperlycomprehendtheinformation.Thesequence/processorganizationalpatterniscommonlythoughtofasthe"direction"pattern,sinceitisoftenusedbyauthorstodescribethedetailedstepsneededtocompleteatask.Thisorganizationalpatternmayalsobeusedbyauthorstoexplainprocessesthatchangeovertime,asinPsychologytextsthatrefertochildhooddevelopmentstages.4;Spatial/PlaceOrderInthispattern,theauthordescribesthelocationofitemsinrelationtoeachotherandtoalargercontext.Inspatial/placeorderorganizationalpatterns,theauthorcreatesavisualpicturethatpermitsyouto'see'wherevariousdetailsexistinrelationtootherdetails.Forexample,whenanauthorintroducesyoutoasettinginanovelbydescribingthemainhouseinthenovel,itsexactlocationintheyard,thelocationofspecifictrees,andthepositionofafavoritetreeswing,theauthorisusingspatial/placeorder.5;SummaryInthispattern,theauthorcondensestheimportantpointsfromalongerselectionoressay.Asummaryorganizationalpatterncanbeusedinabrieforlengthysummarypassage,dependingupondensityoftheoriginalmaterialbeingsummarizedandtheauthor'swritingstyle.IdentifyingOrganizationalPatternsPatternsthatExplain1;Example/IllustrationThispatternisalsoknownas"generalizationandexample."Inthispatternageneralstatementismadeandthensupportedwithmultipleexamples,withspecificcases,orwithanextendedillustration.Whenanauthorillustratesapoint,he/sheshowsyouthepointbyprovidingspecificexamplesanddetails.Forexample,ifanauthorwerewritingaboutgunsafetyinhomeswithchildren,he/shewouldillustratetheimportanceoflockedguncabinetsbypresentingspecificcaseswherechildrenwereinjuredbygunstheirparentsownedandstoredinunlockedlocations.2;ClarificationThisorganizationalpatternisalsoknownas"statementandclarification"or"generalizationandclarification".Inthisorganizationalpatternusesrepetitiontosimplifyormorefullyexplaincertainterms,ideas,orconcepts.Theclarificationorganizationalpatternattemptstoclarifytheauthor'spointbyexaminingitsmeaningtwo,three,four,ormoretimes.3;DefinitionInthisorganizationalpattern,theauthorattemptstoclarifyatermorphrasewithabrieforanextendeddefinition.Morethanonetypeofdefinitionmaybeusedinthisorganizationalpattern.Theauthormayuseastandarddictionary-styledefinition(denotation)orhe/shemayfocusontheword'sconnotation.Denotationreferstotheliteralmeaningofaword,whileconnotationreferstotheshadesofmeaningassociatedwithaword.Theauthor'staskwhenwritingusingthedefinitionorganizationalpatternistofocusonthefeaturesthatmakethetermorconceptdistinctlyapartfromothersimilartermsandconcepts.4;DescriptionInthisorganizationalpatterntheauthoruseslanguagethatindicatesthesize,shape,color,mass,texture,length,andsoforth.BECAREFUL!!!Inordertomakeapassagemoreinteresting,authorsusuallyusesomedescriptionintheirwriting.ItisyoutasktodetermineifthepassageorparagraphyouarereferredtobytheCLASTquestionisusingdescriptionasitsprimaryorganizationalpattern.IdentifyingOrganizationalPatternsPatternsthatAnalyze1;Division/ClassificationInthedivisionorganizationalpattern,theauthortakesapartawholebydividingitintosectionsforfurtherexplanation.Divisionissimilartoanalysis,sincetheauthorisbreakingdownalargerentitytoexaminethecomponentparts.pattern,theauthortakesthefurther.IntheclassificationsectionsandcategorizesthisIntheclassificationorganizationaldivisionorganizationalpatternonesteporganizationalpatterntheindividualindividual2;Cause/EffectInthecause/effectorganizationalpatterntheauthorexplainswhyorhowthingshappenandwhattheresultoftheseactionsmayisormightbe.Thecauseisthesourceofacertainoutcome.Thecauseisthereasonorthemotivebehindwhatresults.Theeffectisthisoutcomeorresult.Theeffectistheconsequenceofthecausethatprecededit.3;ComparisonInthisorganizationalpatterntheauthorexplainsandhighlightssimilaritiesbetweenideas,concepts,andexamples.4;ContrastInthisorganizationalpatterntheauthorexplainsandhighlightsthedifferencesbetweenideas,concepts,andexamples.5;Compare/ContrastToclarify,itisimportanttonotethatonthecompareandthecontrastorganizationalpatternsareoftenjoinedtogether.Whenanauthorweighsalternatives,ortakestwochoices,objects,orideasandconsiderstheirsimilaritiesanddifferences,theorganizationalpatterniscompare/contrast.