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英语词汇学自考题 2

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英语词汇学自考题 2英语词汇学自考题-2(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数:30,分数:30.00)1.______istraditionallyusedforthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryoftheformandmeaningofwords.A.SemanticsB.LinguisticsC.EtymologyD.Stylistics(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:2.Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownas______word...
英语词汇学自考题 2
英语词汇学自考-2(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、Ⅰ.(总题数:30,分数:30.00)1.______istraditionallyusedforthestudyoftheoriginsandhistoryoftheformandmeaningofwords.A.SemanticsB.LinguisticsC.EtymologyD.Stylistics(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:2.Contentwordsdenoteclearnotionsandthusareknownas______words.Theyincludenouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.A.functionalB.notionalC.emptyD.formal(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:3.Theintroductionof______hadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.A.HinduismB.ChristianityC.BuddhismD.Islam(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:4.Theprefixesinthewordsirresistible,onclassicalandapoliticalarecalled______.A.reversativeprefixesB.negativeprefixesC.pejorativeprefixesD.locativeprefixes(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:否定的前缀包括“a-”,“in-”,“il-”,“ir-”,“im-”,“dis-”,“un-”,“non-”等。题目中“irresistible”的意思是“难以抵制的”;“non-classical”的意思是“非古典的”;“apolitical”的意思是“不关心政治的,不合政治意义的”。5.Rugby,afghanandchampagnearewordscomingfrom______.A.namesofbooksB.namesofplacesC.namesofpeopleD.tradenames(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:许多示产品或者的词来源于它们最初产生的地方的地名。例如,“afghan”是一种棉织地毯,来源于Afghanistan(阿富汗)。“champagne”是一种酒(香槟),来源于法国一个被称为Champagne的地方。另外,“rugby”是一种球类运动,它起源于英国一个称为Rugby的地方。6.______istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Context(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:概念(concept)超越了语言本身,它是人们认知的结果,是客观世界在人脑中的反映。7.Trumpetisa(n)______motivatedword.A.morphologicallyB.semanticallyC.onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:8.Itisnoticeablethat______overlapswithstylisticandaffectivemeaningsbecauseinasensebothstylisticandaffectivemeaningsarerevealedbymeansofcollocations.A.conceptualmeaningB.grammaticalmeaningC.lexicalmeaningD.collocativemeaning(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:搭配意义是由一个词与另外的词进行搭配时产生的意义。它的意义由在其前后和其搭配的词体现出来,这一点它和语体意义(stylisticmeaning)和情感意义(affectivemeaning)产生了重合,因为后二者的意义在某种程度上也是靠其搭配词语来体现的。9.Fromthe______pointofview,polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandthesameword.A.linguisticB.diachronicC.synchronicD.traditional(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:同一个词的多种意义之间的关系可以从两个角度进行研究:历时性研究(diachronicapproach)和共时性研究(synchronicapproach)。从历时性角度来看,多义词是同一个词的语义结构发展变化的结果。10.Whenwetalkaboutawordinvisualterms,awordcanbedefinedasa______groupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.A.smallB.meaningfulC.vocalD.large(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:11.Themeaningofthewordondchangedfromoolishtoaffectionatebymodeof______.A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:词义的升华或者褒义化(elevationoramelioration)指的是词的地位从“卑微”到“重要”的变化。“fond”一词原意是“愚蠢的”,而后又变成了“挚爱的,亲爱的”的意思。因此,这个词的意义经历了升华的变化。12.Thesaltoftheearthisanexampleof______.A.simileB.metaphorC.metonymyD.synecdoche(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:暗喻(metaphor)指的是把一种事物比作另外一种具有类似特征的事物,而同时不使用“like”,“as”之类的词的一种比喻。在一些习语中,一些无生命的事物可以被用来指人。习语“thesaltoftheearth”意思是“社会中坚”,指的是少数非常优秀的人才。13.Areferencebookalphabeticallyarrangedalongwithinformationabouttheforms,pronunciations,functions,etymologies,meanings,andsyntacticalandidiomaticusesofwordsiscalled______.A.encyclopediaB.dictionaryC.glossaryD.concordance(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:词典是一种按照英文字母顺序排列词序,提供词语的拼写、发音、意义、用法、语法规则甚至是词源的书籍。14.______arethosethatcannotoccurasseparatewordswithoutbeingaddedtoothermorphemes.A.FreerootsB.FreemorphemesC.BoundmorphemesD.Meaningfulunits(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:不能单独存在的词素称为粘附词素(boundmorphemes)。粘附词素只能够附加到其他的词素上构成词语。15.Thefundamentaldifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemantsiswhether______.A.theycomefromthesamesourceB.theyarecorrelatedwithonecentralmeaningC.theyarelistedunderoneheadwordinadictionaryD.alltheabove(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:同形同音异义词(homonyms)和多义词(polysemants)的基本区别在于,前者指的是不同的词拥有同样的形式,而后者指的是同一个具有不同意义的词。另外一点就是两者的语义相关性不同,在词典中,所有多义词的项都列在同一个词目之下,而同形同音异义词则是按照不同的词条单独列出的。16.Nativewordsarecharacterizedwith______.A.highslangyfeatureinstyleB.highargotfeatureinuseC.highmarkednessinstyleD.highfrequencyinuse(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:和外来语词相比,本族语词有两个特征:文体中性和使用频繁。17.Fromasynchronicpointofview,thewordwifeexperiencedthesemanticchangeof______.A.extensionB.narrowingC.elevationD.degradation(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:18.Somedoctorsprescribemedicationtotreathyperactivechildren,becausethechildrenareextremely______.A.activeB.passiveC.lazyD.diligent(分数:1.00)A.√B.C.D.解析:词缀“hyper-”是表示程度的前缀,它主要用于表示极端的意思,所以“hyperactive”表示“极端活跃的”。19.Wordswhichhaveoppositemeaningsarecalled______.A.synonymsB.antonymsC.homonymsD.hyponyms(分数:1.00)A.B.√C.D.解析:反义词(antonyms)是指意义相反的词,而同义词(synonyms)指的是发音和拼写不同但意义相同或相近的词。如果某一个词的意义包含在另外一个含义较为概括的词里边,则这两个词具有上下义关系(hyponymy);同形同音异义词是意义不同,但是发音和拼写相同的词。20.Theboysareplayingintheriverintheraw.Intherawinthissentencemeans______.A.nakedB.robeC.shortsD.vest(分数:1.00)A.√B.C.D.解析:21.Themajorfactor(s)thatpromotethegrowthofmodernEnglishis/are______.A.thegrowthofscienceandtechnologyB.economicandpoliticalchangesC.theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguagesD.alltheabove(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:科技的快速发展促使一大批新词产生,社会、经济和政治的变化也带来了越来越多的新词。同时,其他文化和语言也对英语的发展产生了很大影响。22.Thetwomajorfactorsthatcausechangesinmeaningare______.A.historicalreasonandclassreasonB.historicalreasonandpsychologicalreasonC.classreasonandpsychologicalreasonD.extra-linguisticfactorsandlinguisticfactors(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:非语言因素和语言因素是导致词义变化的主要因素。非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因;语言因素包括截短法(shortening)、借词和类比(analogy)。A、B、C三项的分类不是概括性的分类,不够全面。23.Moreoftenthannot,functionalwordsmainlyhave______.A.lexicalmeaningB.associativemeaningC.collocativemeaningD.grammaticalmeaning(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:功能词(functionalwords)所含词汇意义(lexicalmeaning)较弱,相反,其所含的语法意义(grammaticalmeaning)很强,而实义词(contentwords)则同时具有词汇意义和语法意义,其词汇意义尤为重要。24.______arewordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage.A.AliensB.Translation-loansC.DenizensD.Semanticloans(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:同化词(denizens)是过去从其他语言中借用过来,现在已被英语完全吸收的词。非同化词(aliens)是从其他语言中借用过来,但还保留着其本来的发音和拼写特点的词。译借词(translation-loans)是借助于英语语言中现有的语言材料,以其他语言的特点为基础借用到的词。借义词(semanticloans)的形式具有本旗语的特点,但是其意义是从其他语言中借得的。25.Afterthe______,theGermanictribescalledAngles,SaxonsandJutescameingreatnumbers.A.CreeksB.IndiansC.RomansD.French(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:26.Ex-student,oretellandpost-electioncontain______.A.negativeprefixesB.prefixesofdegreeorsizeC.prefixesoftimeandorderD.locativeprefixes(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:词缀“ex-”,“fore-”,“post-”等是表示时间和顺序的前缀。其中前两个表示“在……之前”,“post-”表示“在……之后”。27.______arewordspronouncedletterbyletter.A.InitialismsB.AcronymsC.BlendsD.Clips(分数:1.00)A.√B.C.D.解析:首字母缩略词的拼读是逐个读出其每个字母的发音。首字母缩略词有以下两种情况:其构成字母代表词的完整形式,例如“VOA”代表“VoiceofAmerica”;其构成字母代表一个复合词或者词的一部分,例如“TB”代表“tuberculosis”。28.Oneimportantcriteriontodifferentiatehomonymsfrompolysemantsistoseetheir______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.etymologyD.usage(分数:1.00)A.B.C.√D.解析:29.CCELDisdistinctiveforits______.A.cleargrammarcodesB.languagenotesC.usagenotesD.extracolumns(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:CCELD有三个特点:特色的定义、另辟竖栏和用法举例,但是这部词典中设置的专栏是独具特色的。30.Intheidiomingoodfeather,wechangegoodintohighorfullwithoutchangingmeaning.Thischangeofconstituentisknownas______.A.additionB.replacementC.position-shiftingD.variation(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.√解析:在一些习语中,某一成分可以被换成其他成分,从而形成与其同义或者反义的习语。题目中“ingood(high,full)feather”就是一个这样的例子。二、Ⅱ.(总题数:10,分数:15.00)31.Affixationisgenerallydefinedastheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestostem.Thisprocessisalsoknownas1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确:derivation)解析:32.Word-meaningchangesbymodesofextension,narrowing,degradation,1andtransfer.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:elevation)解析:33.TheorderofmeaningsinCCELDindicatesthe1ofwords.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:semanticchange)解析:34.ThelanguageusedinEnglandbetween450and1150iscalled1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:OldEnglish)解析:35.Therelationshipbetweensoundandthemeaningofawordis1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:arbitrary)解析:36.Therearegenerallytwoapproachestothestudyofwords,namelysynchronicand1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:diachronic)解析:37.ItisnecessarytosubdivideModernEnglishintoEarly(1500-1700)and1ModernEnglish.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:Late)解析:38.Acommonwayofmakingawordistoshortenalongerwordbycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead.Thisiscalled1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:clipping)解析:39.Thesameidiommayshow1differenceswhenitisassigneddifferentmeaningsincludingaffectivemeaning.(分数:1.50))stylistic(正确答案:1:__________________填空项.解析:40.Antonymsareclassifiedonthebasisof1.(分数:1.50)填空项1:__________________(正确答案:semanticopposition)解析:三、Ⅲ.(总题数:5,分数:15.00)41.reference(分数:3.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Bymeansofreference,aspeakerindicateswhichthingsintheworldarebeingtalkedabout.)解析:42.semanticfield(分数:3.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(ThemassivewordstoreofalanguagelikeEnglishcanbeconceivedofasonecomposedaroundanumberofmeaningareas,somelarge,suchasphilosophyoremotions,otherssmaller,suchaskinshiporcolor.Viewingthetotalmeaninginthiswayisthebasisoffieldtheory.)解析:43.acronyms(分数:3.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Acronymsarewordsformedfrominitiallettersbutpronouncedasanormalword.)解析:44.nativewords(分数:3.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(NativewordsarewordsbroughttoBritaininthefifthcenturybytheGermanictribes.Theyareneutralinstyleandfrequentinuse.)解析:45.morphs(分数:3.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Morphsarediscreteunitswhichrealizeabstractmorphemesinspeech.Morphsareactualspokenminimalcarriersofmeaning.)解析:20.00),分数:4总题数:(Ⅳ.四、.46.Whatistheroleofcontext?(分数:5.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Eliminationofambiguity,indicationofreferents,provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaningarethethreemainfunctionsofcontext.)解析:47.Whatiscollocativemeaning?Giveoneexampletoillustrateyourpoint.(分数:5.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresinitscollocation.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbywordsbeforeorafterthewordindiscussion.Forexample,prettyandhandsomesharetheconceptualmeaningofgood-looking,buttheyaredistinguishedbytherangeofnounstheycollocatewith:prettygirl,handsomeboy.)解析:48.HowdoyouaccountfortheroleofnativewordsinEnglishinrelationtoloan-words?(分数:5.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(NativewordsarethoseofAnglo-Saxonorigin,whicharesmallinnumber.Loan-wordsareborrowedfromotherlanguages.Itisestimatedthatloan-wordsconstituteabout80%ofthemodernEnglishvocabulary.Nativewordscannotcomparewithloan-wordsinnumber,buttheyhaveamoreimportantroleinthelanguage.Nativewordsformthemainstreamofthebasicwordstockwhereasonlyalimitednumberofborrowedwordsbelongtothecommoncore.)解析:49.WhydowesayEnglishisaheavyborrower?Pleasejustifyit.(分数:5.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:(Englishowes80%ofitsvocabularytootherlanguages.ThatistosayEnglishhasborrowed80%ofitsvocabularyfromotherlanguages.Infact,theEnglishvocabularycontainswordsfromallthemajorlanguagesoftheworld.Nootherlanguage.oftheworldhasborrowedsoheavily.Therefore,thenameheavyborrowerisappropriate.)解析:五、Ⅴ.(总题数:2,分数:20.00)50.Thepenismightierthanthesword.Explainwhatpenandswordmeanrespectivelyusingthetheoryofmotivation.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:((1)Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.betweenconnectiontheexplainsmotivation,oftypesmajorfourtheofonemotivation,Semantic(2)theliteral.senseandfigurativesenseofaword.Inthissentence,penremindsoneofthetooltowritewith,thussuggestingwriting;swordremindsoneoftheweapontofightwith,thussuggestingwar.)解析:51.Analyzethemorphologicalstructureoffollowingwordsandpointoutthetypesofthemorphemes.Recollection,nationalist,unearthly.(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案:((1)Eachofthethreewordsconsistsofthreemorphemes,recollection(re+collect+ion),nationalist(nation+al+ist),unearthly(un+earth+ly).(2)Oftheninemorphemes,onlycollect,ationandeartharefreemorphemesastheycanexistbythemselves.(3)Alltherest:e-,-ion,-al,-ist,%un-and-lyareboundasnoneofthemcanstandaloneaswords.)解析:
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