新标准大学英语四汉译英翻译

Unit1“创客”指勇于创新，努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。这个词译自英文单词maker，源于美国麻省理工学院（MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology）微观装配实验室（fabricationlaboratory）的课题。该课题以客户为中心，以创新为理念，由个人、制造满足个人需要的智能设备，参与该课题的学生即“创客”。在中国，“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人，也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代。Chuangkeisatermthatreferstoinnovativepeoplewhomakeanefforttoturntheircuttingedgeideasintoreality.ThetermistranslatedfromtheEnglishwordmaker,whichisderivedfromthefabricationlaboratoryprojectoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUS.Itisaconsumer-centredproject,emphasizinginnovationanddesignedtoempowerindividualstodevelopandproducesmartdevicestosuitpersonalneeds.Thestudentsparticipatingintheprojectarecalled“makers”.InChina,Chuangkereferstothosewhostarttheirownbusinesseswithinnovativeideas.Chinesemakersincludetech-savvypeoplewhodedicatethemselvestocreatingnewdevicesanddistinguishedinnovatorsinvariousfields,suchassoftwaredevelopers,artistsanddesigners.Unit2每年在“世界读书日”这一天（4月23日），中国各地都会举办“全民阅读，书香中国”的活动，旨在培养全民阅读的风气（ethos），让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课，而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的，一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。从2014年开始，“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告，因为读书不仅会增强创新力量，而且会增强社会的道德力量。EveryyearonWorldBookDay(April23),activitieson“NationwideReading,IntellectualChina”areorganizedalloverChina,tocultivatetheethosofreadinginthecountryandspreadtheawarenessthatreadingshouldnotonlybeforstudentsandintellectuals,butbepartofeveryone’swayoflife.Readinghasmuchtodowithpersonalgrowth,andthespirituallevelofanationlargelydependsonthereadingperformanceofitspeople.Startingfrom2014,forthreeconsecutiveyears“nation-widereading”hasbeenincludedintheReportontheWorkoftheGovernmentinChina,forreadingisconducivenotonlytoinnovationbutalsotothemoralsenseofsociety.Unit3中国的服装产业需要化，中国的服装设计需要创新，中国的元素需要品牌化。我们应该努力超越西方的服装风格，同时打破东方的传统观念，创造出属于中国的风格。这种风格，既不是迎合（caterto）欧美的时尚品味，也不是简单地通过应用纯中国的元素而达到民族复兴（renaissance）的目的。这种风格，是将具有东方风格的各种因素有机地结合在一起的同时，巧妙地融入西式服装的特征。它是中国传统文化与世界多元文化的一种融合。ThereisaneedtostandardizetheclothingindustryinChina.ThereshouldbemoreinnovationsinChinesefashiondesign.Chineseelementsinfashiondesignshouldhavetheirownbrands.WhilewearetryingourbesttotranscendWesternfashionstyles,weshouldalsotrytobreakthroughthetraditionalEasternconcepts,eventuallycreatingastylethatcanbecalledChinese.SuchaChinesestyleneithercaterstoWesternfashiontastesnorsimplyutilizespureChineseelementstoachieveanationalrenaissance.Rather,thisstylefeaturesanorganiccombinationofvariousEasternelements,skillfullyinfusedatthesametimewiththefeaturesofWesternclothes.ItisamergingoftraditionalChinesecultureandmultipleworldcultures.Unit4近年来，中国市场经济的发展使我国科学技术、生产力水平大幅度提高，社会文化事业大力发展，综合国力不断增强。市场经济在提高人民群众生活水平，实现共同富裕的目标中发挥着巨大作用。与改革开放之初相比，中国人的消费习惯和生活方式已发生质的变化，温饱型的消费模式已逐渐被享受型的消费模式所取代，中国已进入（usherin）消费时代。人们对物质财富的追求反过来也大力推动了经济和社会的发展。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofthemarketeconomyinChina,thelevelofdevelopmentofoursocio-culturalenterprises,aswellasourscienceandtechnologyandourproductivity,hasgreatlyincreased,thusstrengtheningoverallnationalpower.Themarketeconomyalsoplaysanenormousroleinimprovingpeople’slivingstandardsandinfulfillingthegoalofcommonprosperity.Comparedwiththeearlydaysofreformandopeningup,substantialchangeshavetakenplaceinChinesepeople’sspendinghabitsandlifestyles,withconsumptionofbasicfoodandclothingtransformedgraduallytoconsumptionforpleasure,usheringintheconsumptionera.Inturn,thepursuitofmaterialwealthhasalsocontributedtremendouslytoeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Unit5在中国，随着女性社会地位和教育程度的不断提高，越来越多的女性进入了高科技领域。一批杰出的女科学家脱颖而出，她们以自己的聪明才智和对科学的热爱，在各个科技领域赢得了骄人的成绩，成为我国社会进步和经济发展的一支重要力量。2015年，中国女药学家屠呦呦荣获“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”，实现了我国自然科学领域诺贝尔奖零的突破，大幅提升了我国科学研究的国际影响力。InChina,withtheincreasingimprovementofwomen’ssocialstatusandeducationlevel,moreandmorewomenareenteringthefieldofhightechnology.Anumberofremarkablewomenscientistshavedistinguishedthemselvesineveryscientificfieldandmadeextraordinaryachievementswiththeirintelligence,ingenuityandloveofscience,actingasanimportantforceinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofChina.In2015,theChinesewomanpharmacologistTuYouyouwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.Beingthefirstwinnerfromourcountryofthatprizeinthefieldofnaturalscience,shehasgreatlyextendedtheinfluenceofChinesescientificresearchintheinternationalcommunity.Unit6中国古代的史官（historiographer），起源很早。有证据表明，至少在商代，我国已出现了史官和官方记事制度。早期史官记载虽然只是一种简单的史实记录，而非严格意义上的史学，却为后人研究古史留下了重要的文献资料。应当指出，在古代，这类官方记事制度并非中国所独有，但只有中国古代的史官制度一直沿用下来。就其本意而言，这种史官记事制度不仅在于系统记载和保存文献史料，实际上还负有监督最高统治者的责任。HistoriographyinChinacandatebacktoveryancienttimes.Thereisevidencethat,asearlyastheShangDynasty,historiographersandtheofficialrecordingofeventshadbecomeinstitutionalized.Althoughtheearlyhistoriographersmadeverysimplerecordsofhistoricalevents,nothistoriographyinthestrictsense,theyleftimportanthistoricaldocumentsandinformationforlatergenerationsinstudyingancienthistory.Itshouldbepointedoutthatinancienttimes,theinstitutionofsuchofficialrecordingofeventswasnotuniquetoChina,butonlyinChinawasitpreservedforseveralthousandyears.Asforitsinitialpurpose,historiographersrecordedeventsnotonlytosystematicallyrecordandpreservehistoricaldocumentsandmaterials,buttosupervisethehighestrulers.Unit7中国现代公园的景观设计在继承传统的基础上逐步有所创新，在许多方面努力实现把现代休闲生活的需求与传统的园林艺术形式相结合。就山（rockeries）水（ponds）创作而言，中国自然山水园的艺术传统得到了发扬，景色主体是山水，因山就水布置各种建筑和花草树木。就园林建筑而言，力求把建筑与自然融为一体，同时引用了现代的建筑艺术手法、材料和施工技术，涌现了大批神似传统形式的现代园林建筑。Whilestillhonouringtradition,landscapedesigninmodernChineseparksisonitswaytowardsgradualinnovation.Designerstryinmanywaystocombinetheneedsofmodernleisurewiththetraditionalartisticformsofthegarden.Inthedesignofrockeriesandponds,theartisticlegacyofChinesemountainandwatergardensishighlighted.Thecentralpartofthegardenisconstitutedbyrockstructuresandponds,aroundwhicharebuildingsinterspersedwithtreesandflowers.Gardenbuildingsarearrangedinawaythatmergesman-madestructuresandnatureintoaharmoniouswhole.Meanwhile,modernartisticarchitecturalstyles,materialsandconstructiontechniquesareusedtocreatealargenumberofmoderngardenbuildingsthatcloselyresembletraditionalonesinspirit.Unit8南极洲位于地球的最南端，自19世纪人类发现南极洲以来，这块神秘的大陆无时不在吸引着人类的目光。进入20世纪后，南极洲以其重要的战略价值，吸引了众多的国家派人前往考察。中国政府也积极加入到南极考察的行列中来，至今已组织了30余次南极科考活动，并在南极建立了科学考察站。中国进行南极考察不仅具有重要的战略和经济意义，而且也带来了积极的社会影响。ThecontinentofAntarcticaislocatedatthesouthernmostpartoftheearth.Thismysteriouscontinenthascapturedtheworld’simaginationsinceitwasdiscoveredinthe19thcentury.Inthe20thcentury,manycountriessentpeoplethereforscientificexpeditions,attractedbytheimportantstrategicsignificanceofAntarctica.TheChinesegovernmenthasalsojoinedtheranksofAntarcticscientificexpedition,havingorganizedmorethan30expeditions.ChinesescientificresearchbaseshavealsobeenestablishedinAntarctica.China’sexpeditiontoAntarcticaisnotonlyofstrongstrategicandeconomicsignificance,butalsohasapositivesocialimpact.