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小学英语学习资料

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小学英语学习资料...人教版小学英语最全最实用的复习资料目录一、小学英语词汇汇总1、3A2、3B3、4A4、4B5、5A6、5B7、6A8、6B二、小学英语短语汇总1、短语归纳2、动词短语3、noun短语:4、介词短语:5、句子:三、词法类练习汇总1、写出完全形式2、写出下列单词的复数形式3、反义词或对应词4、近义词5、同音词6、现在分词7、综合8、人称代词四、话题与语法汇总1、字母2、数字3、颜色4、时间5、食品与饮料6、服装7、玩具和文具8、日常生活用品9、动物10、植物11、环境与建筑12、身体13、个人情况14、家庭、亲属和朋友15、...
小学英语学习资料
...人教版小学英语最全最实用的复习资料目录一、小学英语词汇汇总1、3A2、3B3、4A4、4B5、5A6、5B7、6A8、6B二、小学英语短语汇总1、短语归纳2、动词短语3、noun短语:4、介词短语:5、句子:三、词法类练习汇总1、写出完全形式2、写出下列单词的复数形式3、反义词或对应词4、近义词5、同音词6、现在分词7、综合8、人称代词四、话题与语法汇总1、字母2、数字3、颜色4、时间5、食品与饮料6、服装7、玩具和文具8、日常生活用品9、动物10、植物11、环境与建筑12、身体13、个人情况14、家庭、亲属和朋友15、学校16、社交礼仪17、国家与城市18、天气19、节日20、方位21、正在发生的事情22、日常生活23、与打算24、能力和可能五、附录:怎样才能学好英语?一、小学英语词汇汇总1、3A1.Animals(动物)dog狗cat猫monkey猴子tiger老虎panda熊猫zebra斑马bird鸟elephant象2.Fruit(水果)apple苹果orange橘子banana香蕉pear梨peach桃子mango芒果pineapple菠萝watermelon西瓜3.Clothingitems(衣物类)coat外套;大衣jacket茄克衫;短上衣sweater毛衣;(厚)运动服blouse(女式)衬衫dress连衣裙;晚礼服skirt短裙shirt衬衫T-shirtT恤衫4.Foodanddrinks(食物和饮料)cake蛋糕hamburger汉堡egg蛋;鸡蛋ice-cream冰淇淋coffee咖啡tea茶;茶叶milk牛奶juice果汁5.Colours(颜色)red红色;红色的green绿色white白色black黑色yellow黄色blue蓝色orange桔黄色brown棕色;褐色6.Thingsforschool(学校用品)book书pen钢笔pencil铅笔ballpen圆珠笔ruler尺pencilbox文具盒pencilsharpener卷笔刀rubber橡皮7.Vehicles(交通工具)car小汽车bike自行车bus公共汽车plane飞机8.Places(场所)zoo动物园park公园cinema电影院supermarket超市theGreatWall长城9.People(人物)man人;男人woman妇女boy男孩girl女孩10.Thingsinaroom(房内物品)bed床table桌子chair椅子fridge冰箱bookcase书橱tap水龙头desk书桌sofa沙发telephone电话light电灯TV电视机door门window窗子Walkman随身听box盒子basket篮子2、3B1、Familymembers(家庭成员)father父亲mother母亲grandfather祖父grandmother祖母aunt姨妈;舅母uncle伯父;舅父brother/son兄;弟/儿子sister/daughter姐;妹/女儿2、Clothingitems(衣物)cap便帽hat帽子tie领带vest背心belt皮带trousers(复数)长裤shoe鞋sock袜子3、Thingsforschool(学校用品)storybook故事书copybook抄写本knife小刀tape修正带;胶带crayon蜡笔schoolbag书包stapler订书机4、Thingsinaroom(室内物品)clock闹钟computer电脑radio收音机camera照相机watch手toytrain玩具火车key钥匙5、Musicalinstrument(乐器)piano钢琴violin小提琴guitar吉他accordion手风琴6、Sports(体育运动)football足球basketball篮球volleyball排球baseball棒球swimming游泳skating滑冰climbing爬山skiing滑雪fishing钓鱼jogging慢跑running跑rowing划船7、Foodanddrinks(饮食)hotdog热狗sandwich三明治pie馅饼bread面包rice米饭drinks清凉饮料chocolate巧克力milk牛奶8、Rooms(房间)sitting-room起居室dining-room餐厅bedroom卧室bathroom舆洗室study书房kitchen厨房3、4Aapen一支钢笔adog一条狗akey一把钥匙aballpen一支圆珠笔atiger一支老虎apurse一个钱包apencil一支铅笔afan一把扇子astorybook一本故事书abook一本书acat一只猫atape一个修正带acar一辆小汽车abike一辆自行车akite一个风筝abus一辆公共汽车aruler一把尺arubber一块橡皮apencilcase一个铅笔袋atiger一只老虎apanda一只熊猫adesk一张课桌ashop一家商店apairofshoes一双鞋子asweater一件毛衣ajacket一件茄克衫big大的small小的long长的short短的one一two二three三four四five五six六seven七eight八nine九ten十eat吃drink喝write写read读close关、闭open打开tired疲劳的、累的ill有病的cold冷的hungry饥饿的thirsty渴的4、4Bastudent一个学生ateacher一个老师adoctor一个医生anurse一个护士aboy一个男孩agirl一个女孩aman一个男人awoman一个女人new新的grandfather(外)祖父grandmother(外)祖母father父亲mother母亲brother兄弟sister姐妹aneye一只眼睛amouth一张嘴white白色的askirt一条短裙afriend一个朋友apoliceman一个警察apolicewoman一个女警察awaiter一个男服务员awaitress一个女服务员adriver一个司机aworker一个工人anengineer一位工程师afarmer一个农民apostman一个邮递员acook一个厨师apples苹果anapple一只苹果oranges桔子anorange一只桔子bananas香蕉abanana一只香蕉peaches桃子apeach一只桃子grapes葡萄agrape一粒葡萄watermelons西瓜awatermelon一个西瓜pears梨apear一只梨some一些astation一个车站ahospital一家医院asupermarket一家超级市场bytrain坐火车byplane坐飞机bytaxi坐出租汽车onfoot步行please请chip油炸土豆条noodle面条sweet糖果chocolate巧克力tea茶coffee咖啡juice汁液apie一个馅饼achair一张椅子ablackboard一块黑板acomputer一台计算机apicture一张图画abookcase一个书架(橱)anoffice一个办公室aplayground一片操场aclassroom一个教室our我们的aknife一把刀aplate一个盘子aglass一个玻璃杯acup一个杯子abottle一个瓶子atable一张桌子afridge一只冰箱anegg一个蛋(不可数名词)bread面包rice米;米饭5、5Aday(一)天;白天all所有的;全部areadingroom一间阅览室sure有把握的floor(楼房的)层;地面;地板agarden一个花园ahouse一间房子aflower一朵花live居住;生活astudy一个书房abedroom一间卧室large大的beside在……旁边;靠近awall一面墙between在……中间;在(两者)之间abed一张床under在……下面behind在……后面adoor一扇门alesson一课asong一首歌sing唱,唱歌dance跳舞play演奏learn学,学会listen听swim游泳make做,制造ride骑(马、自行车)put放,摆can能afamily一个家庭things东西、物品avase一个花瓶ahorse一只马achicken一只鸡aduck一只鸭子apig一只猪evenings晚上need需要work工作,劳动acandle一支蜡烛morning早晨,上午ring(铃、钟等)响sweep扫,扫除Maths数学sleep睡觉run跑,奔跑walk步行,散步jump跳跃say说chess棋laugh笑,大笑anewspaper一张报纸atowel一条毛巾class课,(学校里的)班perhaps可能atent一个帐篷apot一只锅ahill一座小山children孩子们,儿童fat胖的thin瘦的show出示,给……看asquare一个正方形fly飞、放(风筝、飞机模型等)astar一个星形、星形物us我们(宾格)over结束art艺术、美术teach教、教书themoon月亮paper纸aheart一个心、心形物ashape一个形状acircle一个圆圈thesun太阳help…with帮助…washclothes洗衣服6、5BMonday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五aweek一星期(周)Chinese汉语、中文、中国人Science科学、自然科学ComputerStudies计算机课程English英语、英国的、英国人的asubject一门学科(科目)interesting有趣的aheadache头疼acough咳嗽afever发烧acold伤风lunch午餐speak说,讲(同义词:say)bad坏的、严重的(反义词:good)get变得、购买feel感觉、觉得now现在astamp一张邮票acoin一个硬币aship一艘船ananimal一只动物aclassmate一位同班同学collect收集beautiful美丽的、漂亮的hobbies(复数)业余爱好collectstamps收集邮票collectcoins收集硬币goshopping去购物takephotos拍照makeclothes做衣服ane-mail一封电子邮件writeane-mail写一封电子邮件atown一个城镇busy忙(碌)的age年龄usually通常well好fast快的,快地high高的,高地runfast跑得快jumphigh跳得高time时间,次left左right右stop停止touch触摸,接触anarm一只手臂ahand一只手aleg一条腿afoot一只脚aface一张脸agame一个游戏,一次比赛half半,一半night夜,夜间onduty值日past过aquarter一刻钟,四分之一quick快的(地)ready准备好的really真正地,确实talk谈话,讲话spend度过weekend周末very很,非常learn…from…向…学习sport体育运用often经常,常常ofcourse当然catch抓住,捉住anant一只蚂蚁abee一只蜜蜂abutterfly一只蝴蝶avisitor一位参观者,一位来访者UK英国,联合王国visit参观,访问British英国人theGreatWall长城USA美国American美国人Japan日本Japanese日本人,日语France法国French法国人,法语7、6Astop停止mean意思是,意指should应当,应该must必须,应当shouldn’t=shouldnot不应当litter乱丢杂物park停放(汽车)danger危险March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月when什么时候,何时ago以前as作为,当做ago以前moment瞬间,片刻adate一个日期abirthday一个生日apresent一份礼物excited激动的,兴奋的exciting令人激动的,令人兴奋的arace一次竞赛plant种植milk挤;牛奶acow一头母牛taste品尝pullup把…向上拔afestival一个节日agate一扇大门answer回答;答复ask问;请求people人;人们last最近刚过去的;最后的infrontof在…前面takephotos拍照lookfor寻找justnow刚才(amomentago)pullup把…向上拔haveagoodtime过得愉快Children’sDay儿童节NationalDay国庆节SpringFestival春节NewYear’sDay元旦8、6Bthan比young年轻的old年老的heavy重的light轻的tall高的strong强壮的low低fish鱼,钓鱼slow慢late晚stop停车站along沿着street街、街道Postoffice邮局weather天气spring春季summer夏季hot热的autumn秋季cold冷的winter冬季plan计划,打算picnic野餐play(戏剧的)演出begoodat善长于turnleft向左转turnright向右转postoffice邮局geton上车getoff下车takepartin参加…参与…writealetter写(一封)信penfriend笔友also也glue胶水二、小学英语短语汇总anewstudent一个新学生anewteacher一个新老师I’mnewhere.我是新来的.Welcometoourschool.欢迎到我们学校.excuseme打扰一下theboyinthetree树上的那个男孩letmesee让我看看comedown下来climbtrees爬树inthezoo在动物园里comehere过来themanoverthere那边的那个男人goodevening晚上好ataparty在聚会上mybrother我的弟弟/哥哥theboywithbigeyes大眼睛的那个男孩nicetomeetyou见到你很高兴theoneinthewhiteskirt那个穿着白色短裙的whichone哪一个themanwithabigmouth那个大嘴巴的男人theoneinred那个穿红衣服的thegirlwithasmallnose那个小鼻子的女孩thewomanwithlonghair那个长头发的妇女belateforschool上学迟到theboywithbigears大耳朵的那个孩theoneinthegreenshirt那个穿着绿色衬衫的inthecar在小汽车里mygoodfriend我的好朋友hersmalleye她的小眼睛abignose一个大鼻子You’reright.你是对的anoldwoman一个老太buyfruit买水果somegrapes一些葡萄howmanykilos多少斤threekilos三公斤I’dlike---我想要------Hereyouare.给你.theseapples这些苹果thoseoranges那些桔子theseorthose这些还是那些CanIhelpyou?我能为你效劳吗?(营业语)bytaxi坐出租车onfoot步行gobytaxi坐出租车去gototheatre去剧院gothere去那儿gototheGreatWall去城gotothesupermarket去超市thistrainforShanghai去上海车theplaneforBeijing去北京的班goodidea好主意playfootball踢球intheschool在校befree有空.gotoschoolbybike骑自行车去学校atasnackbar在一家小吃店里howabout---?------怎么样?somenoodles一些面条Somethingtodrink一些喝的东西somethingtoeat一些吃的东西orange/applejuice桔汁/苹果汁Anythingelse?还要别的东西吗?acupofcoffee/tea一杯咖啡/茶aglassofmilk/juice一杯牛奶/汁somechocolate一些巧克力somesweets一些糖果somewater一些水playbasketball打篮球somecakes一些蛋糕getup起床havesomejuice喝点果汁Whatwouldyoulike?你要什么?openday接待日ourclassroom我们的教室watchTV看电视bigandbright又大又明亮inyourclassroom在你的教室里inclass在课上nearthewindow靠近窗somesongbooks一些歌本onthepiano在钢琴上lotsofbooks许多书inthelibrary在图书馆里intheplayground在操场上Onthechair在椅子上onthetable在桌上openthebluebox打开蓝色的盒子inthecupboard在碗柜里onthetable在桌上inthefridge在冰箱里onthesofa在沙发上usechopsticks用筷子I’dliketotry.我想试试.apairofchopsticks一双筷子Letmetryagain.让我再试试.inmyclassroom在我的教室里Goodidea!好主意!thefirstdayofthenewterm新学期的第一天allthestudents所有的学生atschool在学校seeeachother互相见面anewbuilding一座新大楼alotof许多I’mnotsure.我不确定。goandsee去看看havealook看一看howmany多少nearyourhouse在你的房子附近ontheplate在盘子里herparents她的父母nearherschool在她的学校附近verymuch很,非常somedolls一些洋娃娃onthewall在墙上amapoftheworld一幅世界地图amapofChina一幅中国地图behindthedoor在门后inthebasketball在篮子里underthebed在床下onmychair在我的椅子上inthecat’smouth在猫的嘴里lookhappy看起来快乐ataMusiclesson在一节音乐课上twoo’clockintheafternoon下午两点钟inthemusicroom在音乐室里haveamusiclesson上一节音乐课singasong唱首歌,唱歌followme跟着我singtogether一起唱makeapuppet做木偶makeamodelplane做飞机模型,做模型飞机playtheviolin拉小提琴playtheguitar弹吉他playthepiano弹钢琴putabookonyourhead在你头上放一本书haveanicecream吃冰淇淋afterclass下课后playbasketball打篮球aHalloweenparty一个万圣节聚会Whatdotheyneed?他们需要什么?likemasks喜欢面具apumpkinlantern一个南瓜灯Whatelsedoyouneed?你还需要些什么?Here’syourchange.这儿是你的零钱。somesweets一些糖果onSaturdaysandSundays在周六和周日likeswimming喜欢游泳playtabletenniswithfriends和朋友打乒乓watchTV看电视listentomusic听音乐readthebook读书openthedoor开门writethenewwords写新单词readthebook读书drawapicture画一幅画drinkthewater喝水thisredvase这个红色的花瓶inthepicture在图片里eatthenoodles吃面条puttheflowersinthevase把花放在花瓶里playcomputergames打电脑游戏dohousework做家务Sundaymorning星期天上午athome在家Areyoufreenow?你现在有空吗?sweepthefloor扫地、擦地板cleanthewindows擦窗户dohomework做家庭作业helpmewithmyMaths帮助我学习数学thisafternoon今天下午washclothes洗衣服makeacake做蛋糕seeyouthisafternoon今天下午见comeandhelpme过来帮我sitonthechair坐在椅子上howabout怎么样afterschool放学后threeo’clockintheafternoon下午三点钟lookfor寻找helpyou帮助你intheplayground在操场上playbasketball打篮球goandjointhem去加入他们gototheplayground去操场studyinthelibrary在图书馆学习cleanthelibrary打扫图书馆readanewspaper看报纸readamagazine看杂志playchess下棋playcards打扑克playwithayo-yo玩溜溜球sitonafootball坐在足球上eatthefood吃食物playcomputergames玩电脑游戏cleanthestudy打扫书房onthekite在风筝上allbusy都忙acampingtrip一次日野营旅行theirteachers他们的学生nearthehill在小山附近acampingsite一个野营营地abigtent一个大帐篷atinofchicken一罐头鸡肉atinoffish一罐头鱼肉overthere在那边twonewblankets两条新毛毯aboxofchocolate一盒巧克力somefruit一些水果inthefridge在冰箱里anArtlesson一节美术课lookattheblackboard看着黑板flyakite放风筝drawacircle画一个圆showushowtodrawit给我们看看怎么画它onthepaper在纸上makeacard做一张卡片manycircles许多圆形一节体育课aPElesson在操场intheplayground上一节体育课haveaPElesson按照指令followtheorders发出指令givetheorders站成一排standinaline做锻炼dosomeexercise上下upanddown上下跳jumpupanddown仔细地听listencarefully十次tentimes向左转turnleft向右转turnright做这个十次dothistentimes把…放在…上put…on把…放在…里面put…in仰躺lieonone’sback抬起liftup用……触摸touch…with右手righthand每天everyday忙碌的一天abusyday在晚上atnight值日onduty快点bequick一场足球赛afootballgame看电视watchTV吃晚饭havesupper打扫图书馆cleanthelibrary做作业doone’shomework加入我们joinus开始上课classesbegin洗衣服washclothes在周末attheweekends过周末spendone’sweekends谈论talkabout在星期五下午onFridayafternoon放学后afterschool上网surftheInternet向我学英语learnEnglishfromme听音乐listentomusic在家athome荡秋千playontheswings做家务dohousework当然ofcourse/sure看卡通watchcartoons抓昆虫catchinsects抓蝴蝶catchbutterflies我们的好朋友ourgoodfriends一所小学aPrimarySchool在树上inthetree/onthetree在瓶子里inbottles英语俱乐部theEnglishClub不同的国家differentcountries居住在纽约liveinNewYork说英语speakEnglish教英语teachEnglish一个大城市abigcity读书readbooks参观中国visitChina日本参观者Japanesevisitors一个英国朋友anEnglishfriend发邮件writeane-mail写信writealetter打乒乓playtabletennis居住livein一个小镇asmalltown相同的年龄thesameage在学校atschool从周一到周五fromMondaytoFriday大声地说speakloudly跑得快runfast跳得高jumphigh走路小心walkcarefully安静地坐sitquietly跳舞跳得美dancebeautifully拍照takephotos购物goshopping收集邮票collectstamps收集中国邮票collectChinesestamps种花growflowers做衣服makeclothes洗衣服washclothes一些爱好somehobbies许多漂亮的邮票manybeautifulstamps出示…给…看show…to…动物邮票animalstamps在花园里inthegarden做饭cookfood浇花watertheflowers相同的爱好thesamehobby一次电话通话atelephonecall午饭以后afterlunch呆在床上stayinbed严重的咳嗽abadcough吃药takesomemedicine去看医生gotoseeadoctor张开你的嘴openyourmouth好好休息haveagoodrest打错电话wrongnumber新学期anewterm星期一上午Mondaymorning在星期一上午onMondaymorning她的学生herstudents第一节课thefirstlesson欢迎回到学校welcomebacktoschool什么科目whatsubjects八门课eightsubjects八节课eightlessons在一周内inaweek立刻,马上atonce他的家人hisfamily感觉病了feelill来自日本fromJapanNosmoking禁止吸烟Nolittering禁止扔杂物Noparking禁止停车Noeatinganddrinking禁止吃喝keepoffthegrass不接近草坪Bequiet保持安静Donottouch不要摸climbtrees爬树gotothepark去公园gohome回家haveanicecream吃一个冰激凌havedinner吃饭watchTV看电视playcomputergames玩电脑游戏gotobed睡觉alotof\alot大量的;许多publicsigns公共标志onthewall在墙上stayawayfrom…远离……walkonthegrass在草地上走hebird’scage鸟笼makenoise发出噪音takeawalk散步aten-yuannote一张十元的钞票lookaround四周看pickup捡起anewstudentinBen’sclass本班上的一位新学生gohometogether一起回家afterschool放学以后talkabout谈论有关……thethirdofMarch三月三日yourbirthday你的生日blowout吹灭asabirthdaypresent作为生日礼物birthdaycake生日蛋糕cometomybirthdayparty来参加我的生日聚会haveabirthdayparty举办生日聚会aVCDofJapanesecartoons一张日本卡通光盘openthedoor开门makeabirthdaycard做一张生日贺卡takeoff脱下SportsDay运动日allthestudents所有的学生veryexciting非常令人兴奋lookfor寻找arunningrace一场赛跑letmesee让我看看amomentago/justnow刚才ontheground在地上pickthemupforme帮我把它们捡起来infrontof在……前面apairofglasses一副眼镜(单数)arolloffilm一卷胶卷(单数)threediaries三本日记apairofearphones一副耳机(单数)listentomusic听音乐yesterdayevening昨天晚上underthetable在桌子下面closeyoureyes闭上你的眼睛playagame玩游戏NationalDay(国庆日)theNationalDayholiday(国庆假期)lastweek/lastyear上个星期/去年aftertheholiday(假期后)gotoschoolearly(很早上学)early–lateintheschoolplayground(在学校操场上)beforeclass(上课前)before–afterafunnycartoon(一部有趣的卡通片)visitafarmwithmyfamily(和我的家人一起参观农场)onthefarm(在农场里)watertrees(浇树)pullupcarrots(拔胡萝卜)milkcows(挤牛奶)collecteggs(收集鸡蛋)fruittrees(果树)pickalotoforanges摘许多橘子tastethem(品尝它们)gotothefarm(去农场)attheweekends(在周末)watchcartoons(看动画片)visitthezoo(参观动物园)playvolleyball打排球cleanthehouse(打扫房子)visitLiuTao’sgrandparents拜访刘涛的祖父母campingtrip(野营旅行)atacamp(在一个营地上)cookalotoffood(做许多食物)playalotofgames(玩许多游戏)gocamping(去野营)haveagoodtime(玩得很高兴)comeafter在……之后到来NewYear'sDay元旦onNewYear'sDay在元旦atChristmas在圣诞节gotoparties去参加聚会haveabiglunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐atSpringFestival在春节WhatdopeopleusuallydoatSpringFestival?人们通常在春节干什么?visittheirrelativesandfriends拜访他们的亲戚和朋友eatlotsofdeliciousfood吃许多美味的食物lastSpringFestival上个春节ofcourse当然myfavouriteholiday我最喜爱的节日inOctober在十月dressupincostumes用戏服装扮lastHalloween去年万圣节eatmooncakes吃月饼playwithlanterns玩灯笼watchthemoon赏月ondifferentholidays在不同的节日lastyear去年atEaster在复活节listentohim听他讲inthegrass在草丛中apopularholiday一个流行的节日inChina在中国inJanuaryorFebruary在一月或二月eatricedumplings吃粽子liketoplaywithlanterns喜欢玩灯笼eatchocolateeggs吃巧克力蛋makepumpkinlanterns制作南瓜灯笼givepresentstoyourfriends把礼物给你的朋友gotoBeijing去北京thisafternoon今天下午playwithballoons玩气球singanddance唱歌跳舞meetHelenintheplayground在操场上遇见海伦visitafarmwithmyparents和我的父母亲一起参观农场playwithfriends和朋友玩watchthedragonboatraces观看龙舟比赛onChristmasDay在圣诞日Jim'sfamily吉姆一家人inhisgrandparent'shouse在他爷爷奶奶的房子里Christmastrees圣诞树thepresentsundertheChristmastree在圣诞树下的礼物somany这么多fromgrandmother来自祖母openitforme为我打开它likedrinkingtea喜欢喝茶Christmaspresents圣诞礼物atJim'shouse在吉姆家drawandwriteinthediary在日记上画和写gotothesupermarket去超市sitatthebackofthebus坐在公共汽车的后面getoff下车theseatinfrontofme在我前面的座位thewomanbesidehim在他旁边的妇女walktothedriver走向驾驶员afterlunch午餐后Youarewelcome.不用谢writehisdiary写他的日记undertheseat在座位下面openthepresents打开礼物6B词组归纳去散步goforawalk很高兴见到…begladtosee聊天haveachat双胞胎姐妹twinsisters看起来很像lookthesame大10年tenyearsolderthan小20分钟twentyminutesyoungerthan唯一的孩子theonlychild再试试tryagain擅长于英语begoodatEnglish擅长于唱歌begoodatsinging…做得好dowellin体育需要帮助needhelpwithPE怎么拉?What’swrong?/What’sthematter?一位好篮球运动员agoodbasketballplayer那是事实。That’strue.男孩中的一些someoftheboys在我班里inmyclass别担心。Don’tworry.做更多锻炼domoreexercise变得更强壮getstronger起得早getupearly慢跑去学校jogtoschool玩球类运动playballgames开始上课startourlesson读新单词readthenewwords我们所有人allofus上学迟到belateforschool来自于befrom/comefrom去历史博物馆的路thewaytotheHistoryMuseum认识路knowtheway怎样到达那儿howtogetthere告诉我tellme沿着街走walkalongthestreet在第四个十字路口左拐turnleftatthefourthcrossing在你右边onyouright多远howfar错过它missit五公里远fivekilometresaway一段长的距离alongwalk每五分钟everyfiveminutes每六天everysixdays去邮局gotothepostoffice在中山路onZhongshanRoad在街上inthestreet乘5路车takebusNo.5在电影院前infrontofthecinema在第二个车站下车getoffatthesecondstop到达购物中心gettotheshoppingcentre一本关于动物的书abookaboutanimals跑出商店runoutoftheshop过来帮助cometohelp沿着街跑runalongthestreet开始跑starttorun拿回钱包getmypurseback跳高highjump跳远longjump下个星期nextweek(要)一年foroneyear知道天气knowtheweather纽约的天气theweatherinNewYork在夏天insummer最好的季节thebestseason在乡下inthecountryside听起来不错。Soundsgreat.大多数时间mostofthetime哪个季节whichseason最喜欢春天likespringbest堆雪人makesnowmen/makeasnowman冬天需要温暖的衣服needwarmclothesforwinter树木变绿thetreeturngreen有课,上课haveschool他们的周末计划theirplansfortheweekend看京剧seeaBeijingopera加入我们joinus花园剧院theGardenTheatre顺便问问bytheway明天下午tomorrowafternoon在音乐会上attheconcert和Jim一起来comewithJim去远足goonanouting野餐haveapicnic看演出seeaplay参加歌唱比赛takepartinasingingcontest运动会sportsmeeting一位小学生aprimaryschoolstudent在金陵小学atJinlingPrimarySchool第二中学No.2MiddleSchool上一节室外活动课haveaclassouting为班级课题forclassproject什么动物whatanimal回家来comehome昨天下午yesterdayafternoon读有关昆虫的…readaboutinsects在报纸上inthenewspaper想要一位笔友wantapenfriend/wouldlikeapenfriend一些书写纸somewritingpaper干什么?Whatfor?写一封信writealetter写信给我的奶奶writetomygrandma成为好朋友begoodfriends有共同的爱好havethesamehobby我希望如此。Ihopeso.告诉…关于…tell…about…最喜欢的科目favouritesubject电子邮件地址e-mailaddress一瓶胶水abottleofglue一些其他科目someothersubjects小学毕业finishprimaryschool上中学gotomiddleschool关于你的每件事everythingaboutyou我们五个fiveofus来自澳大利亚befromAustralia/comefromAustralia睡觉比…晚gotobedlaterthan比我们所有人好betterthanallofus和…一样高astallas和…一样跑得快runasfastas比…飞得低flylowerthan1、短语归纳a:alittle(一点)alot(很,非常)alotof(许多)lotsof(许多,很多),abottleof(一盒……)apieceof(一张/片……),acupof(一杯……),aglassof(一玻璃杯……),allright(好,行,不错),mostof(大部分……),plentyof(很多,大量的)be:begoodfor(对于……来说是好的),bebadfor(对于……来说是不好的),begoingto(将要做……),begoodat(在……方面出色),belatefor(……迟到),between…and…(在……两者之间),both…and…(两着都……).come:comefrom(来自……),Comein(进来).Comeon过来呀!快来呀)!Comewithme(跟我来)!differentfrom(与……不同),ofcourse(当然)Do:doone’shomework(做家庭作业),dohousework(做家务),dosomereading(读书),onduty9(值日),domorningexercises(做早操).get:getdown(下来),getup(起床),getonwith(在……方面进展),gethome(到家),gettoschool(到校)go:goboating(去划船),goswimming(去游泳),gorunning(去跑步),gowalking(去散步),goshopping(去购物),goskating(去滑冰),goskiing(去滑雪),gofishing(去钓鱼),gosightseeing(去游览,去观光),goclimbing(去爬山),gohome(回家),gotoschool(去上学),gotowork(去上班),gostraight/down/on/along(一直走),goalong(沿着……一直走)have:havebreakfast(吃早餐),havelunch(吃午饭),havesupper(吃晚饭),havedinner(吃正餐),haveaclass(上课),havealook(看一看),havegot(有),haveagoodappetite(有好胃口,食欲强),haveapicnic(野餐)how:howmany(多少),howmuch{多少(用于不可数名词)},howold(几岁),howoften(多久一次)look:lookat(看……),looklike(看起来象),verymuch(很,非常),inEnglish(用英语)put:putinto(把……放到……),puton(穿上……),put…away…(把……放好/收起来),take:take(good)careof(好好爱护,关心,照顾,保管),takephotos(照相),takeabath(洗澡),Takeexercise(进行锻炼,进行练习).2、动词短语flyakite(放风筝),rideabike(骑自行车),playagame(做游戏),throw…away(把……扔掉),turnon(开……),standup(站起来),singasong(唱歌),askaquestion(问问题),runaway(流走,跑走),lookforwardto(盼望),tryto(尝试做…….),beangrywith(对……生气),dividedby(除以……),cometo(合计),collectcoins(收集硬币),climbuptothemountain/hill…(爬到山上)bytheway(顺便问问),时间短语:inthemorning(在早上),intheafternoon(在下午),intheevening(在晚上),Goodmorning/afternoon/evening/night(早上/下午/晚上好/晚安).forhours(持续……小时),foranhour(持续一个小时),Atthistimeofday(每天的这个时候),fiveminutespastnine(九点零五分),quarterpastnine(九点十五分),quartertonine(差十五分到九点),allday(整天),onSunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday(在星期天/星期一/星期二/星期三/星期四/星期五/星期六),Mid-autumnFestival(中秋节),SpringFestival(春节),NationalDay(国庆节),Children’sDay(儿童节),NewYear(新年),Women’sDay(妇女节),MayDay(劳动节),Teachers’Day(教师节),Party’sBirthday(党生日)3、noun短语:familytree(家族谱),favouritefood/drinks/colour/subject(喜爱的食物)paintbrush(画笔),anofficeworker(一个办公室文员),classteacher(班主任),anold…(一个/件老的/旧的……),yearsold(…..岁),thehighjump(跳高),thelongjump(跳远),amapofChina/theUK…(一张中国/英国……地图),e-mailaddress(电子邮箱地址),telephonenumber(电话号码)交通手段:onfoot(走路),bybus/car/ship/plane/underground/bike(乘公共汽车/小轿车/轮船/飞机/地铁/自行车),4、介词短语:atthebeginningof(在……的开始),attheendof(在…..的结尾/结束),attheweekend(在周末),ontheweekdays(在工作日),infrontof(在…..的前面),inthefrontof(在……物品内的前面),inthemiddleof(在……的中间),nextto(在……旁边),atthegateof(在……的大门),onthefloor(在地板上),onthe…()floor(在第几层楼),onthegroundfloor(在一楼),athome(在家),atschool(在学校),overthere(那里,那边),inthesun(在阳光下),from…to…(从……到……),turnright/left(向右/左转),ontheleft(在左边),ontheright(在右边),totheeast/west/north/southof(在…….的东/西/北/南方),fromtheleft/right(从左/右),kilometers/metresaway(离……千米/米远),inClassOne(在一班),inGradeSix(在六年级)5、句子:Pleasesayhelloto…forme(宾格)/人名{请代(我)向……问好}.Hereitis(是).Heretheyare().Hereyouare(给你).Nicetomeetyou(很高兴见到你)!Nothingmuch(没什么).Notatall(没关系).Shallwe…?{(用于建议)我们……好吗?}I’lltakeit(我买了).It’stimeto…(是做……的时候了)It’stimefor….(是……的时候了)Excuseme(对不起,打扰了).Seeyou(再见)!welcometo…(欢迎到……),You’rewelcome(别客气).Whatabout…?(……呢?)Howdoyoudo?{你好吗?(用于初次见面,答句相同)Howdoyoulike…?(你觉得……怎么样?)Itdoesn’tmatter.(没关系)That’sapity.(真糟糕)Nevermind!(不要紧)Andyou?(你呢?)Happybirthday!(生日快乐)地方建筑:postoffice(邮局),policestation(警察局),trainstation(火车站),sportsstadium(大型露天运动场),departmentstore(百货商场),kindsof(不同种类),theChildren’sHome(少年之家),primaryschool(小学),middleschool(中学)三、词法类练习汇总1、写出完全形式。 1.who's whois 2.she's she is 3.he's he is 4.what'swhatis 5.where’swhereis6.we'reweare7.you're youare8.that's thatis 9.I'mIam 10.isn't isnot 11.aren't arenot12.they're theyare 13.don't do not 14.let's let us 15.can’tcan not16.it'sit is 17.I’ve Ihave 18.I’d I would 19.hasn’t has not 2、写出下列单词的复数形式。1.busbuses2.boxboxes3.glassglasses4.classclasses5.watchwatches6.mangomangoes7.fireflyfireflies8.sheepsheep9.peoplepeople10.manmen11.womanwomen12.appleapples 13.familyfamilies14.librarylibraries 15.babybabies16.boy boys 17.toytoys18.childchildren19.foot feet 20.strawberrystrawberries 21.horsehorse22.policemanpolicemen 23.dressdresses24.fish fish 25.toothteeth26.countrycountries27.foot feet28.dragonflydragonflies 29.meus30.building buildings31.clothclothes32.thisthese 33.thatthose34.circle circles35.story stories 3、反义词或对应词。 1.same different 2.new old 3.oldyoung 4.short long 5.big small 6.tallshort7.yesno8.open close 9.hot cold 10.herethere 11.sit stand 12.up down 13.thin fat 14.fathermother 15.right wrong 16.black white 17.this that 18.these those19.boy girl20.grandfathergrandmother 21.man woman 22.husband wife 23.aunt uncle 24.brother sister 25.he she 26. left right 27.go come 28. nurse doctor 29.good bad 30.minus plus31. his her 32.busy free 33.hand foot 34.legs arms 4、近义词。 1.desktable2.likelove3.oftenusually4.start begin 5.greatgood 5、同音词。 1.totoo、two 2.right write 3.no know 4.for four 5.hearhere 6.I eye7.see(C)sea 8.sonsun 9.be(B)bee 10.there their 11.U you 12.Y why 13.bybuy、bye14.pairpear15.Rare 16.whosewho’s 17.auntaren’t 6、现在分词。 1.swim(现在分词)swimming 2.come(现在分词)coming 3.dance(-ing形式)dancing 4.ski(-ing形式)skiing 5.sit(-ing形式)sitting 6.fly(-ing形式)flying 7.stay(-ing形式)staying 8.travel(-ing形式) travelling 9.cry(-ing形式) crying 10.play(-ing形式)playing 11.listen(-ing形式)listening 12.collect(-ing形式)collecting 13.make(-ing形式)making 14.take(-ing形式) taking 15.write(-ing形式)writing 16.read(-ing形式) reading 17.clean(-ing形式)cleaning 18.sing(-ing形式)singing 19.sweep(-ing形式)sweeping 20.run(-ing形式)running 7、综合。 1.study(第三人称单数) studies2.students(名词所有格)students’ 3.sister(名词所有格)sister’s 4.two(序数词)second 5.have(第三人称单数)has 6.cat(名词所有格)cat’s 7.Tom(名词所有格)Tom’s 8.teacher(动词)teach 9.cry(第三人称单数)cries 10.Nancy(名词所有格)Nancy’s 11.can(否定式)can’t 12.good(比较级)better 13.catch(第三人称单数)catches 14.wash(第三人称单数)washes 15.quickly(形容词)quick 16.visit(名词)visitor 17.China(形容词)Chinese 18.French(名词)France 19.quiet(副词)quietly 20.one(序数词)first 21.cook(第三人称单数)cooks 22.do(第三人称单数)does 23.beautifully(形容词)beautiful 24.many(比较级)more 25.Australian(名词)Australia 26.brush(第三人称单数)brushes 27.work(名词)worker 8、人称代词。 1. I(宾格)me2.you(宾格)you3.he(宾格)him4.she(宾格)her 5. I(复数)we6.you(复数)you 7.he/she/it(复数)they 8.we(宾格)us9.you(宾格)you 10.they(宾格)them 11.I(形容词性物主代词)my12.you(形容词性物主代词)your 13.he(形容词性物主代词)his 14.she(形容词性物主代词)her 15.they(形容词性物主代词)their 16.I(名词性物主代词)mine 17.you(名词性物主代词)yours 18.he(名词性物主代词)his 19.she(名词性物主代词)hers 20.we(名词性物主代词)ours 21.you(名词性物主代词)yours 22.they(名词性物主代词)theirs 四、话题与语法汇总话题1、字母(大小)辨认、书写顺序:AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz.元音字母:Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu半元音字母:Yy书写容易错误的字母:E,F,G,M,N,d,i,p,q,x,y.2、数字基数词和序数词的运用,如计算、购物等.基数词:One,two,three,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen…twenty,twenty-one…thirty,forty,fifty…eighty,ninety,one/ahundred,one/ahundredandone…twohundred.序数词:first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth…twentieth,twenty-first,twenty-second,twenty-third,twenty-four…thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth…eightieth,ninetieth…相关句型:1)What’sthirtyandforty?Thatcomestoseventy.2)What’syourtelephonenumber?Mytelephonenumberis83555723.3)Whattimeisit?It’shalfpastten.4)Whendoyouusuallygetup?Atsixthirty-five.5)Wheredoyoulive?IliveatNo.48RenminRoad.6)HowHowmuchdoesitcost?Itcosts50yuan.7)Howmanycarshaveyougot?Ihavegot6cars.8)Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetree?Icansee3.9)Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?Thereisone/adoll.10)Howmanydollsarethereonthebed?Therearefourdolls.11)Whichfloordoyouliveon?Iliveonthefifthfloor.12)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytoBaiyunhotel?13)Yes,godownthisstreet,thenturnleftatthethirdcrossing….14)Who’sthefifthgirlfromtheright?She’smycousin.15)oldareyou?I’mtwelve.注意:数词的应用;不可数名词及它的量的表示方法;many与much在用法上的区别;thereis/are与have/has在用法上的区别.3、颜色实物的颜色colours:red,pink(粉红),yellow,brown,grey(灰色),blue,purple(紫色),orange,black,white,darkblue(深蓝),lightblue(浅蓝).相关句型:16)Whatcolourisyourcoat?It’s...17)What’syourfavouritecolour?Myfavouritecolouris…4、时间年、季节、月、星期、日、时刻year,season(spring,summer,autumn,winter),month:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.Week:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday.Day:1stMay(thefirstofMay),May2nd(Maythesecond)Time:(an)hour,minute,second10:05(fiveminutespastten,tenofive)10:10(tenminutespastten,tenten)10:15(quarterpastten,tenfifteen)10:30(halfpastten,tenthirty)10:45(quartertoeleven,tenforty-five)11:00(eleveno’clock)相关句型:1)Howoldisyourmother?She’sthirty-sixyearsold.2)inayear?Thereare12.3)HowmanymonthsarethereWhen’syourbirthday?Mybirthdayison15thJanuary(thefifteenthofJanuary).4)Whendoyougetup?Igetupatsixo’clock.5)Whendoesspringlast?Itlastsfor3monthsfromMarchtoMay.6)Whattimeisit?It’squartertonine.5、食品与饮料人对食品与饮料的喜好;东西方食品food:meat,rice,fish,bread,egg…drinks:water,milk,orangejuice,coke,coffee…相关句型:1)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink/eat?Yes,I’dlikesome…No,thanks.2)Wouldyouliketoeat/drink…?I’dliketoeat/drink…No,thanks.3)What’syourfavouritefood/drinks?Myfavouritefood/drinkis…4)CouldIhavesome…?Yes,please.6、服装服装的颜色:人对服装的喜好;某人的穿戴;所属关系clothes:hat,cap,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,dress,sweater,jacket,trousers,sock,shoeputon,wear所属关系:形容词性的物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性的物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs相关句型:1)Whatdoesitlooklike?Itlikeswearingablueshirt.2)Whoseshoesarethese?They’remine.They’reTom’s.3)Isthis/that/ityourbook?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4)Isthispencilyours?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.5)Arethese/those/theyyourcoatsandtrousers?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.6)Arethoseclothestheirs?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.7)Thisismyhat.Thathatishis.注意:名词单,复数;物主代词(名词性的物主代词,形容词性的物主代词);名词所有格,如:Tom’s,myfather’s,theteachers’.7、玩具和文具特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置Toys:doll,toy…文具:desk,book,bag,pen,pencil,pencil-box,ruler,chair,ball存在的位置:in,on,under,beside,behind,infrontof,inthefrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof…(aplace/aperson).相关句型:1)Thereisacupofteaonthetable.2)Therearesomeorangesinthefridge.3)Isthereanymilkintheglass?Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.4)Arethereanyorangesinthefridges?Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.5)What’sunderthedesk?Thereisanoranges./Therearesomeoranges.8、日常生活用品特点、颜色、所属关系;存在的位置words:shelf,table,clock,brush,telephone,light,computer,bike,fridge,glass,knife,keyboard,bottle,box,plate,photo,photograph,fax,radio,super-market,特点:big,small,heavy,light,white,black,empty,full,old,new,beautiful,cute,tall,short,strong,plump,nice,good,bad…9、动物家畜、家禽;农场动物、动物园及野生动物的特点;生活地点和所属关系words(animals):cat,dog,duck,goose(geese)fish,sheep,bird,panda,monkey,rabbit,hen,cock,chick,tiger,lion,pig,cow,mouse(mice)生活地点:athome,inafarm,inazoo…所属关系:同上话题(7)10、植物特点、所属关系;存在的位置words:tree,rose,flower,leave(leaves)…11、环境与建筑特点、所属关系;存在的位置buildings:factory,hospital,park,house,library,museum,office,farm,postoffice,bank,policestation,trainstation,sportsstadium,departmentstore,store,school,classroom,house:bathroom,living-room,sitting-room,bedroom,kitchen,garden…房子的基本构造:door,gate,wall,window,floor…相关句型:1)Wheredoyoustudyat?IstudyatLongdongPrimarySchool.2)Wheredoesyourmotherworkat?Sheworksatahospital.3)Let’smeetatthegateofthepark.4)Mybrotherisplayinginthegarden.12、身体特点body:head,hair,eye,nose,ear,mouth,neck,shoulder,hand,finger,foot(feet),toe…外貌:fat,thin,plump,tall,short,old,young,roundface,twobigblueeyes,longhair,shorthair,blackhair,whitehair…相关句型:1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)tall.2)Ishe/shetallorshort?He’s/She’stall(short).3)I/We/They/Youhave(got)blackhair.4)He/Shehas(got)aroundface.5)Hashe/shegotlonghair?Yes,he/shehas.No,he/shehasn’t.注意:描述人的外貌时,have与has用法上的区别;形容词的用法,如:tall,short,old,young,black,long…13、个人情况姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好age,year,address,e-mailaddress,hobby,hobby:collectingstamps(coins),goingswimming…doingsth相关句型:1)Howoldareyou?I’mthirteenyearsold.2)I’mathirteen-yearoldboy.3)What’syouraddress?IliveatNo.48Renminroad.4)What’syoure-mailaddress?Mye-mailaddressis123VIP@126.com.5)What’syourhobby?Myhobbyisgoingrunning.Or:Ilikegoingrunning.6)I/You/Theylikemusic.7)Helikessightseeing.8)Doyoulikereading?Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.9)Doeshe/shelikeplayingbasketball?Yes,he/shedoes.No,he/shedoesn’t.注意:描述个人的喜好时:名词和动词-ing形式作宾语;主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化。动词ing的变化规律:1)直接加ing,如:open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…2)去掉词尾不发音的e,如:take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…3)重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加ing,如:sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,4)get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同):1)直接加s,如:cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如:fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es.5)特殊:have-has,…14、家庭、亲属和朋友姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.2)Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?4)Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意:1)名词单复数,如:family-families;名词单数--复数规律:1)直接加s,如:boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如:baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5)特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…2)名词所有格,表明是“谁的”如:mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规则:单数名词后+“’s”,Mike’smother.复数名词词尾有,其后只+“’”,Teachers’Da教师节.若是两人共有时,只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的,两者都+“’s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命,所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图15、学校学校建筑和学校生活words:schoolbuilding,classroom,dormitory,playground,library…subjects:Chinese,maths,English,music,computer,PE,art,biology,politics,history,meeting,geography…相关句型:1)What’syourfavouritesubject?English.2)Where’sthelibrary?It’sbehindthedormitory.3)Whendoyougotoschool?At7:20.4)WhendoesChinesebeginonMonday?AtEighto’clock.5)DoesgeographybeginattwentytotenonMonday?Yes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.6)We’rehavinganEnglishclass.16、社交礼仪礼貌用语;询问与应答1.Greetings:Hello!Hi!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou?Fine,thanks.Andyou?Pleasesayhellotoyourparentsforme.2.Introduction:Mynameis…I’mapupil.I’mnewhere.ThisisMr/Mrs/MissWhite.Hello,nicetomeetyou.3.Farewells:Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye.Seeyouthen/tomorrow.Goodnight.It’slate.Imustgohomenow.Thankingforcoming.4.Thanks:Thankyou(verymuch).You’rewelcome.Notatall.5.apologies:Sorry.I’msorry.That’sallright.Excuseme.6.Incitation:Willyougoshoppingwithme?Wouldyouliketogo?I’dloveto.Thankyou.7.Askingforpermission:MayIhaveanapple?Could/CanIuseyourbike?Sure.Certainly.Yes,ofcourse.Yes,doplease.8.Expressingwishes:Happybirthday!Thankyou.9.Offeringhelp:CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?10.Makingappointments:Areyoufreetomorrow?Whatabouttomorrowafternoon?Let’smeetatthegateat7:50.Shallwevisitthemuseum?11.Hello!MayIspeaktoKate?Speaking/It’sKatehere.Who’sthis/that,please?12.Takingmeals:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Wouldyoulikesomefish/meat?13.Shopping:CanIhelpyou,sir?WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?Whataboutthisone?Doyoulikethisone?Iwant/I’dlikesomeoranges.Howmuchistheshirt/arethesocks?It’stosmall.Twokilos,pleaseI’lltakeit.14.Askingtheway:Excuseme.WhereistheGuangzhouLibrary?CanyoutellyoumethewaytotheGardenHotel,please?CanItakethisbustoBeijingRoad?Isthereahotelnearhere?It’soverthere.Turnright/left17、国家与城市地理位置;特点Countries:China,Japan,America(theUSA),English(theUK),Australia,Russia,Canada,Italy,India,France,Nationalities:Chinese,Japanese,American,Englishman,Australian,Russian,Canadian,Italian,Indian,French,相关句型:1.Where’sJapan?It’stotheeastofChina.2.Wheredoesyourfriendcomefrom?ShecomesfromEnglish.3.Wherearetheyfrom?They’refromRussia.4.Whatcountrydoyoufrom?IcomefromChina.5.Whatcountryishefrom?He’sfromFrance.6.Whatlanguagedoesshespeak?ShespeaksFrench.7.Whatlanguagedotheyspeak?TheyspeakChinese.18、天气气候特征weather:hot,cold,cool,warm,sun,shine,sunny,rain,heavyrain,lightrain,rainy,wind,strongwind,windy,snow,heavysnow,lightsnowsnowy,cloud,cloudy…temperature:15(fifteendegreescentigrade),0(zerodegreecentigrade),-5(minusdegreescentigrade)…相关句型:1 What’stheweatherlikeinspring?It’swarm,rainyandwet.2 Whatwilltheweatherbelikethere?Itwillbesunny.3 Isitsnowing?Yes,itisasnowyday.4 Willtherebecloudy?Yes,therewill.5 Thesunisshining.6 Iliketakingawarmbath.19、节日节日的特点;节日的活动festivals:NewYear’sDay,SpringFestival,Women’sDay,AprilfoolishDay,MayDay,Mother’sDay,Children’sDay,Father’sDay,Party’sDay,Army’sDay,Mid-autumnFestival,Teachers’Day,NationalDay,ThanksGivingDay,ChristmasDay.NewYear’sDay:1stJanuary.SpringFestival:It’stheChineseNewYear.It’sthefirstdayoftheChineseyear.It’saveryspecialfestivalforallChinesepeople.ItisusuallyattheendofJanuaryorthebeginningofFebruary/inlateJanuaryorearlyFebruary.Thechildrencanget“luckymoney”.Women’sDay:It’son8thMarch.AprilFoolishDay:on1stApril,onthisday,peoplecanplayjokestotheirfriends.MayDay:1stMay,laborers’day.Mother’sDay:onthesecondSundayofMay.Children’sDay:onJune1st.Father’sDay:onthethirdSundayinJune.Party’sbirthday:inChina,it’son1stJuly.Army’sDay:inChina,it’son1stAugust.Mid-autumnFestival:on15thAugustofChineselunarcalendar.InChina,peopleeatspecialcakescallsmooncakesandwatchthefullmoon.Teachers’Day:on10thSeptember.NationalDay:inChina,it’satthebeginningofOctober.ThanksGivingDay:thelastThursdayinNovember,it’sAmericanfestival.ChristmasDay:December25th.20、方位人或物的位置;问路与应答place:in,on,at,under,near,nextto,beside,behind,infrontof,inthefrontof,inthemiddle(of),back,ontheright/left,thesecond/…personfromtheright/leftA:Excuseme.Where’sthedepartmentstore?CanyoutellmethewaytotheGardenHotel,Please?CanItakethisbustoBeijingRoad?Isthereahotelnearhere?B:It’soverthere.Turnright/leftatthefirstcrossing.Thehotelisontheright/left.I’msorry,Idon’tknow.21、正在发生的事情现在进行的动作和发生的事bedoingsomething1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)working.2)Areyouplayingfootball?Yes,Iam/weare.3)Ishe/shetakingexercise?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.4)Aretheygoingshopping?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.5)Whatareyoudoing?I’m/We’recleaningtheroom.6)What’she/shedoing?He’s/She’shavingsupper.7)Whataretheydoing?They’rereading.22、日常生活日常生活、工作、学习的活动dailyroutinegetupbrushone’steeth,washone’sface,makebreakfast,havebreakfast,gotoschool/work,domorningexercises,haveclasses,playbasketball,playfootball,run,jump,gohome,havelunch,havesupper,doone’shomework,watchTV,dosomereading,takeabath,gotobed1)Whattimedoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat6o’clock.2)ShenZhenoftentakesabathat9o’clockinthemorning.3)Mymotherisneverlateforwork.23、计划与打算计划和将要进行的动作和发生的事begoingtodo…1)I’m/You’re/He’s/She’s/We’re/They’re(not)goingtovisitthemuseum.2)Areyougoingtoswim?Yes,Iam/weare.No,I’mnot/wearen’t.3)Ishe/shegoingtoseeMissWang?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.4)Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’m/We’regoingtovisitthefarm.5)I/You/He/She/They/Wewillgoskiing.6)Areyougoingtobebusytomorrow?Yes,Iam/weare.7)goswimming,goshopping,goclimbing,goskiing,gowalking,gorunning,gofishing,goskating,gosightseeing,…24、能力和可能可能进行的动作和发生的事1)I/You/He/She/We/Theycan(can’t)comeheretomorrow.2)Canhe/shevisitthefactorytoday?Yes,he/shecan.No,he/shecan’t.3)Cantheygobybus?Yes,theycan.No,theycan’t.4)MayIvisitthefactorythisafternoon?Yes,ofcourse/Sure/Certainly.5)MayIsithere?Yes,ofcourse/pleasedo.注意:情态动词can的用法,cando(+动词原形).小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:johnisastudentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。3.专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milkteawaterorangejuicecokecoffeeporridgefood?ricebreadmeatfishfruitcakedumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/alittle+不可数名词some,any,alotof(lotsof)两者都可以修饰。3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量词+of+名词对可数名词的数量提问用howmany对不可数名词的数量提问用howmuch4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof用等表示多少。注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。如thereismuchwaterinthebottle.瓶中有很多水。i'lltellyoumuchgoodnews.我要告诉你许多好消息。weshouldcollectsomeusefulinformation我们应该收集一些有用的消息。2)用单位词表示。用a...of表示。·acupof(一杯......),abottleof(一瓶......)·apieceof(一张......),apairofshoes(一双鞋)如twocupsoftea(两杯茶),fivepiecesofpaper(五张纸)注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如twohundredstudents(200名学生)tenthousandtrees(10000棵树)测试点hecaughtalotoffish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish或fishes)=hecaughtalotoffishes.thepaperisaboutsomefresh-waterfishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。(此处fish表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)5、可数名词分为单数和复数。名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数如adesk(一张桌子)anolddesk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加-s如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)注意①以th结尾加-s,month--months②stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es如knife-knives(书),half-halves(一半)(thief,wife,life,shelf,knife,leaf,self,half,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos(钢琴),zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos(照片),kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero两种方式都可:zero-zeros或zeroes(零)不规则变化1)元音字母发变化。如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),chinese--chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)注意不说anenglish,要说anenglishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。如people(人,人们)thesepeople(不说apeople,可说aperson)police(公安,警察)tenpolice(不说apolice,可说apoliceman)5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。6)如amandriver-mendrivers(男司机)awomandoctor-womendoctors(女医生)7)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)busdriver-busdrivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。如wouldyoulikesomemorefruit?你要不要再吃点水果?weboughtalotoffruitfromthemarket.我们从市场上买了许多水果,chinahassomegoodfrits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)shehasafewwhitehairs.她有几要白头发。hisblackhairisgoingwhite.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。注意②wind,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如boystudent-boystudents(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。如scissors(剪刀)apairofscissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。如englishman--englishmen(英国人)frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意german不是复合词,它的复数是germans。四、名词的所有格有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。如mary'sfather(玛丽的父亲)jim'smother(吉姆的母亲)与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。1.名词所有格的构成法1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。如tom'sknife(汤姆的小刀)children'sbooks(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。如jimandmike'sroom吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间jim'sandmike'srooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。如thestudents'reading-room(学生阅览室)everyoneneedstohaveatleasteighthours'sleepanight.每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。(新目标英语九年级)注意①所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。②名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。如thisisawoman'swork.这是女人干的工作。thisisagirls'school.这是一所女子学校。4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但读音都是/iz/。如mrjones's(mrjones')book(琼斯先生的书)keats'works(济慈的作品)(1)表示时间和距离的名词。如whereistoday'snewspaper?今天的报纸在哪儿?anhour'swalkisn'tfar.一小时的路程不远。(1)有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用's,表示所有关系。如china'spopulation(中国人口)thecity'slife(城市生活)注意在表示店铺或某人家时,为避免重复(因前面已提到),名词所有格后面可省略它所修饰的名词。myuncle's(我叔叔家),thedoctor's(医生的诊所)2.短语所有格有生命的名词,我们用's结构来表示所有关系,如果是无生命的,我们就要用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示。thewindowofthehouse(这间房子的窗户)注意当's所有格用来表示事物类别或属性时不可用of所有格。如:男式鞋应是men's,而不是shoesofmen。3.of+名词所有格of+名词所有称为双重所有格,使用时要注意以下几项。1)表示部分时,前面的词一定要有a,an,some,any,few,two,no,several(几个)之类有修饰语,不能是one和the。如可说:abookofmybrother's我兄弟的一本书不说:booksofmybrother's或bookofmybrother's.2)当带有感情色彩时,可用the,this,that,these,those于名词前。如theprettydaughterofyoursister's你姐姐的漂亮的女儿didyoureadthatbookofluxun's?你读过鲁迅的那本书吗?3)of前面的名词不能是专有名词。如不说:thisisjohnofhisuncle's.4)of后面的名词必须是特定的。如thesebooksofmyfriend'saregood我朋友的这些书很好。5)of后面的名词必须是指人的名词。比较不说itisaleafofthetree's.apictureofmyfather指的是爸爸本人的照片。注意of所有格和双重所有格有时可以交替使用,意义无甚区别。如afriendofmybrother→afriendofmybrother's测试点acarofbetty'scars,不可换为acarofbetty.。jim'sandtom'sfathersareinthesameofficenow.吉姆的父亲的汤姆父亲目前在同一办公室。常用口诀表示民族的名词顺口溜(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2)“英、法”联盟a变e。(3)其他一律加s即chinese,japanese单复数同形;englishman,frenchman的复数为englishmen,frenchmen;其他像german,american,australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。o结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。有生命:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes,negro--negroes如无生命:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,zero-zeros,bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos,tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos1)2)两人两菜一火山。(+es)小学—中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),volcano(火山),这就是“两人两菜一火山”。或:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿egroesandheroeseattomatoesandpotatoes)3)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo”,上面挂着一张“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放着一台“radio”。zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,photo-photospiano-pianos,radio-radios.f、fe结尾的顺口溜(1)以f(e)结尾的名词变为复数时,有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s,其他的以“f(e)”结尾的名词则直接加“s”。妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。wife(妻子),knife(刀子),wolf(狼)thief(小偷),shelf(架子),life(生命)leaf(树叶),self(自己),half(一半),这9个名词变复数时,都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”(2)以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,如gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief。编成口诀联想:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,语气定在手帕上巧记不规则名词单变复男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.第二章冠词一、定义冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮助指明名词的含义。2、分类共3类:定冠词(thedefinitearticle),不定冠词(theindefinitearticle)、零冠词(zeroarticle)。3、用法1、定冠词的用法a、an与数词one同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。igavehimabookyesterday.我昨天给了他一本书iamreadinganinterestingstory.我在读一则有趣的故事。(2)表示人或事物的某一种类,强调整体,即以其中的一个代表一类。ahorseisusefultomankind.马对人类有用。(3)不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,表示"每一"。weoftengotoschooltwotimesaday.我们常常一天两次去学校。iwenttothelibraryonceaweekatleast.(4)不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。aboycametoseeyouamomentago.刚才有一个小孩来找你。(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。如:iwanttoreadthestoryasecondtime我想再读一遍这篇小说。(6)表示不特定的"某一个"时。如:amr.smithiscallingonthephone.有一位史密斯先生来电话找你。(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:haveagoodtime过得高兴(8)一日三餐前有修饰语时。如:-mum,whatshallwehaveforlunch?-jiaozi.-oh,whatawonderfullunch!ienjoyitverymuch.(9)在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:lessonnineisamostdifficultlesson,butitisn'tthemostdifficultone.(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个""这(那)些"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:takethemedicine.把药吃了。(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前:heboughtahouse.i'vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前:thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:thefoxiscunning.狐狸是狡猾的。(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人;theliving生者。(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:wheredoyoulive?iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪?我住在二层。that'stheverythingthatineed那正是我需要的东西。(7)在表示"...世纪...年代"的结构之前hebegantolearnrussianinthe1950s.他在20实际50年代开始学俄语。但注意:inone's50s意为"在某人五十多岁时"。如:helookedquitehealthythoughhewasinhis80s.(8)在比较级的两种句型中:①表示"越......,就越......"时。如:thelighter,thebetter.越轻越好。②表示"两者中比较......"时,用定冠词。如:therearetwobooksonthetable.ilikethethickerone.(9)用在"动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位名称"的结构中(注意:介词常用in/on/by)。如:theballhitmeontheback.球打中了他的头。(10)在表示"计量单位"的可数名词前(注意:介词用by)。如:theworkersarepaidbythehour/day/month.按月付给工人工资.(11)用在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前:thegreatwall(长城),thepeople'spark(人民公园)等。thepeople'srepublicofchina中华人民共和国theunitedstates美国(12)用在表示乐器的名词之前:sheplaysthepiano.她会弹钢琴.thelittlegirllikestoplaytheviolin.小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。(13)定冠词用在文艺活动,运动场所的名称前。theyaregoingtothecinematonight.他们今晚要去影院看电影。(14)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:thegreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)(15)在方位名词之前,如:inthewestonthewest(16)在某些短语中intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country)inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre3、零冠词(不用定冠词)(1)在物质名词前,如:waterisveryimportant.水是非常重要的。(2)在抽象名词前,如:failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。(3)复数名词表示人或物的种类时,如:doctorscurepatients.医生治病救人.thosepeopleareteachers,notstudents.这些人是老师,不是学生.(4)在有关游戏的名词前,如:doyouliketoplaychess?你喜欢下棋吗?(5)在"by+交通工具"的短语里,如:shallwewalkorgobybus?我们乘车还是步行?(6)在国名,人名和地名前通常不用定冠词,如:england,mary;(7)在年份、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;wegotoschoolfrommondaytofriday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课。(8)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;theguardstooktheamericantogenerallee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。(9)在三餐、球类运动的名称前,不加冠词。如:havebreakfast,playchess(10)在某些固定词组中,是否有冠词,意义不同。如:inhospital住院,inthehospital在医院里inbed在卧床inthebed在床上infrontof在......(外)前面,inthefrontof在......(内)前部gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院泛指用a/an,单数可数;特指用the,不特不the。释:1)泛指用a/an,单数可数——泛指的单数可数名词前要用a/an。2)特指用the——如果是特指,那么无论是可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词前均要用the。3)不特不the——不特指则不用the,包括泛指的可数名词单数前用a/an,泛指的可数名词复数前不用冠词,泛指的不可数名词前也不用冠词三种情况。定冠词:特指双熟悉,上文已提及,世上独一无二,序数最高级,某些专有名,习语及乐器。(1)the用在“特指”谈话双方都知道的某个人或某些人或物前。如:whereistheteacher?老师在哪里?(2)the用在上文已提到的人或事物前。如:icanseeacat.thecatislucy”s.我能看见一只猫,那只猫是露茜的。(3)the用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球围绕着太阳转。(4)the用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如:mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。(5)the用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:thegreatwall(长城),thepeople”spark(人民公园)等。(6)the用在一些习惯用语中或乐器名词前。如:intheday(在白天),playthepiano(弹钢琴)等。不用冠词:代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,复数名词表泛指,学科球类三餐饭,季节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。(1)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,these,those,my,your,his,her,our,their,some等限定词时,不用冠词。如:thiseraser,herpencil-box,someboxes,thosewomen等。(2)泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。如:meat,rice,water,bread,tea,milk,juice等。(3)复数名词表示泛指时,不用冠词。如:thepeopleintheroomaredoctors.房间里的那些人是医生。(4)在表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。如:chinese,english,maths,physics,history等。在三餐饭和球类运动名词前一般不加冠词。如:havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playbasketball/football等。(5)在季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。如:autumn,summer,winter,spring,teacher”sday,children”sday,sunday,february等。(6)在表颜色、语种和国家名词前不用冠词。如:white,brown,french,australia等。(7)在表示称呼语的名词之前,以及职务、头衔的名词前不用冠词。如:doctorgreenisascientist.格林博士是位科学家。(一)、有水无湖、有球无星、有山无峰、有独无欧(二)、有(足)族无球(运动)、有文无章、学而不专:1)有水无湖:海、洋、海湾、河等,都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);theredsea,thepacificocean,thepersiangulf,theyangtzeriverthegreatlakes(五大湖);lakeerie(伊利湖)2)有球无星:地球,月亮用the;行星不用the:mars,venus;3)有山无峰:thehuangshanmountains(黄山);mounteverest(珠穆朗玛峰);mount(ormt.)tai(泰山).4)有独无欧(偶):独一无二的,theearth,themoon,thesun用the;欧洲等七大洲不用the.europe,africa,asia,northamerica,southamerica,antarctica,oceania5)有(足)族无球(运动):种族用the:theindians(印第安人);球类运动baseball,basketball6)有文无章:历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用thetheconstitution(宪法);chapterone7)学而不专:学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;theuniversityoffudan;fudanuniversity第三章介词一、定义介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。二、介词的用法1、表示时间的(at、on、in、at、before,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)(1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。atnoon在午时atnight在夜间atpresent目前(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用)onsunday在星期天onsundaymorning在星期天的上午onmarch8在3月8日(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。in1999在1999年innovember在11月份insummer在夏季intheafternoon在下午过……后(未来时间)ithinkhewillbebackinanhour.我想他一小时后就会回来。iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.我听说她一个月后回来的。(4)before:在……之前weihuagotupbefore7o’clockthismorning.今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。(5)after:在……之后afterthat,nonoeshouldeverkillaseagull.从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。(6)by:在……前(时间),截止(到)……bythetimeiarrived,shehadalreadygone.在我到达之前,她已经走了。(7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。(8)during:在……期间duringthelifetimeofoneman,northamericaandeuropewillmorefurtherapartbynearlytwometres.在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。(9)through:一直……(从开始到结束)he,wholedtheunitedstatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonapril14,1865,atatheaterinwashington领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。(10)from:从……起(时间)thewordersweremadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。(11)since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。(12)within:不……超过的范围hewillarrivewithinanhour.他一小时内就人到。2、表示地点(at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、infrontof、behind、in、into、outof、along、across、,through、to、for、from)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)atschool上学athome在家at320xinfudistrict在新抚区320号atthestation在火车站(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)shewillarriveinshanghaiatten.10点她将到达上海。(3)表示地点方向的on,under,over,above,below①on:在……上面,有接触面onthetable在桌子上面②above:在……上方sometimesjulianacouldhearplanesabovethetrees.有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词overthesetombs,theybuiltpyramids.在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。④under:在……下面,在……之内thetwinsistersputthebasketunderthetree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)threethousandmetresbelowher,shecouldseenothingexceptthethickjungle.3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。(4)near,by①near:近的,不远的(=notfar)是的反义词,near还可以指时间,inthenearfuture在不远的将来。green’slakewasasmalllakenearhishome.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。②by:在……旁边,比的距离要近julianawalkedbythesideoftheriverforsixmorelongdays.朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。(5)between,among,around①between:在两者之间thedifferencesbetweenamericanenglishandbritishenglisharenotverygreat.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。②among:在三者或者更多的之中therearesomeamericanstudentsamongus.在我们中间有几个美国学校。③around:环绕,在…..的周围,在……的四周theyarrivedatavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit.他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷(6)infrontof,behind①infrontof:在……的前面thereisacarinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一辆小汽车。②behind:在…..后边arethereanycowsbehindthehouse?房子后面有一些牛吗?(7)in,into,outof①in:在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置therearefourgirlsintheroom.房间里有4个女孩。②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come,go,walk,jump,run..shetookmefromthehallintomyclassroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。(8)along,across,through①along:沿着goalongzhongshanroadandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。②across:横过(平面物体)veryslowly,thecontinentsaremovingacrossthefaceoftheworld.各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。③through:贯通,通过thestudentswalkedthroughthegatewithunclewang.学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。(9)to,for,from①到达……地点(目的地)或方向where’sjack?hehasgonetolondon.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。②for:表示目的,为了……doyouknowwhathecomesherefor?你知道他为什么来这儿吗?③from:从……地点起howfarisitfromlondontonewyork?从伦敦到纽约有多远?3、表示手段和的介词用(1)with①和……在一起theseplateskeepmoving,likegreatships,carryingthecontinentswiththem.这些板块载着各个大陆,像航船一样不断地漂移。②具有,带有apersonwithgoodmannersisalwayskindandpolite.有礼貌的人总是和和气气,彬彬有礼的。③用某种工具或方法hecouldswimwithsomespecialswimmingshoes.穿着一些特制的游泳鞋,他能游泳。(2)in:表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着,声调特点时,不用with而用in。what’sthisinenglish.这个用英语怎么说?(3)by:通过……方法,手段whatdoyoumeanbytheword“island”?“island”是什么意思iprefertravelingbytrain.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。4、其他(1)of,from①of属于)……的,表示…..的数量或种类itwasbeginningoftheterm.这是学期开始的时候。②from:来自(某地,某人),以….起始sheisaladyfromcanada.她是一位加拿大的女士。(2)without,like,as①without:没有,是with的反义词sheoftenworkedfortwenty-fourwithoutrest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。②like:像……一样likemanychildrenofherage,dingfangisayoungpioneer.像很多同龄的孩子一样同,丁芳是个少先队员。③as:作为theyarecarryingusaspassengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。(3)against:反对。靠着everyonetriedtofightagainstthelocusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。(4)about:·关于,各处,四周nightingalewroteabookaboutnursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。②询问某人,某物的情况或提出建议whataboutyourfamily?你家里人怎么样?口诀1:年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不借。at也在时分前,说“差”用to,说“过”要用part。口诀2:in在……里,out在……外,在旁边的是beside,靠近的为by。on在……上,under在……下,above在上头,below在底下。口诀3:this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。'beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。同类比较except,加for异类记心间。口诀4:before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside,除了lastbutone。 口诀5: ①早、午、晚要用in 例:inthe morning在早上intheafternoon在下午 in theevening在晚上 in theday在白天 ②黎明、午、夜、点与分用at 例:atdawn, atdaybreak在黎明时候atnoon 在中午 at night在夜间 atmidnight在午夜 atsixo'clock在6点钟 at 7:30(seventhirty) 在7点半at halfpasteleven在11点半 at ninefifteen在9点15分 attenthirtya.m.在上午10点30分 at theweekend在周末 ③年、月、年月、季节、周用in。 例;in1986在1986年in 1927在1927年 inapril 在四月 inmarch在三月 in december 19861986年12月 injulyl9831983年7月 in spring在春季insummer 在夏季 inautumn在秋季inwinter在冬季 in thefistweekofthissemester这学期的第一周 inthethirdweek在第三周④阳光、灯、影、衣、冒雨用in,在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例:don'treadindimlight.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。theyarereviewingtheirlessonsinthebrightlight.他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。theyaresittingintheshadeofatree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。hewentintheraintomeetmeatthestation.他冒雨到车站去接我。inthebrightsunlight在明亮的阳光下thewomaninwhite穿着白色衣服的妇女⑤将来时态in...以后例:theywillcomebackin10days.他们将10天以后回来。i'llcomeroundinadayortwo.我一两天就回来。we'llbebackinnotime.我们一会儿就回来。comeandseemeintwodays'time.两天后来看我。(从现在开始)after...(从过去开始)⑥小处at大处ini'minliaoning,atanshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市.有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in例:theworkersarepavingaroadwithstone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)theteacheriscorrectingthepaperwithanewpen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)"takingtigermountainbystrategy"isagoodopera.<<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)theproductisseparatedbydistilationintogasolineandgasoil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法--无形)ireallycan'texpressmyideainenglishfreelyin-deed.我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用in)thekilometeristhebiggestunitoflengthinthemetricsystem.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in)thisboardwascastinbronzenotingold.这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。⑦特征、方面与方式、心情成语惯用in特征或状态:theyfoundthepatientinacoma.他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。hehasnotbeeningoodhealthforsomeyears.他几年来身体一直不好。thehousewasinruins.这房屋成了废墟。herclotheswereinrags.她的衣跟穿破了。还有一些心理短语也用in,如:injest诙谐地,injoke开玩笑地,inspite恶意地,infairness公正地,inrevenge报复,inmercy宽大,insorrow伤心地等。⑧介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。介词at和to都可以表示方向;用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。shecameatme.她向我扑过来。shecametome.她向我走过来。heshoutedattheoldman.他大声喝斥那老人。heshoutedtotheoldman.他大声向那老人说shetalkedatyoujustnow.她刚才还说你坏话呢。shetalkedtoyoujustnow.她刚才还同你谈话呢.shethrewaboneatthedog.她用一块骨头砸狗。shethrewabonetothedog.她把一块骨头扔给狗吃整理范本整理范本整理范本
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