LSAT考试真题

LAWLAWLAWLAW SCHOOLSCHOOLSCHOOLSCHOOL ADMISSIONSADMISSIONSADMISSIONSADMISSIONS TESTTESTTESTTEST ((((LSATLSATLSATLSAT)))) SECTION1SECTION1SECTION1SECTION1 SECTION 1 Time-35 minutes 24 Questions Directions: Each groupof questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions. If may be useful to draw a rough diagram Choose the response that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet Question 1-6 Eight new students-R, S, T, V,W, X, Y, Z-are being divided among exactly three classes-class 1, class 2, and class3. Classes 1 and 2 will gain three new students each: class 3 will gain two new students. The following restrictions apply: R must be added to class 1. S must be added to class 3. Neither S nor W can be added to the same class as Y. V cannot be added to the same class as Z. If T is added to class 1, Z must also be added to class 1. 1.Which one of the following is an acceptable assignment of students to the three classes? 1 2 3 (A) R, T, Y V, W, X S, Z (B) R, T, Z S, V, Y W, X (C) R, W, X V, Y, Z S, T (D) R, X, Z T, V, Y S, W (E) R, X, Z V, W, Y S, T 2.Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of classes any one of which could be the class to which V is added? (A) class 1 (B) class 3 (C) class 1, class 3 (D) class 2, class 3 (E) class 1, class 2, class 3. 3.If X is added to class 1, which one of the following is a student who must be added to class 2? (A) T (B) V (C) W (D) Y (E) Z 4.If X is added to class 3, each of the following is a pair of students who can be added to class 1 EXCEPT (A) Y and Z (B) W and Z (C) V and Y (D) V and W (E) T and z 5.If T is added to class 3, which one of the following is a student who must be added to class 2? (A) V (B) W (C) X (D) Y (E) Z 6.Which one of the following must be true? (A) If T and X are added to class 2. V is added to class 3. (B) If V and W are added to class 1. V is added to class 3. (C) If V and W are added to class 1. V is added to class 3. (D) If V and X are added to class 1. V is added to class 3. (E) If Y and Z are added to class 2. V is added to class 2. Question 7-12 Four lions-F, G, H, J-and two tigers-K and M-will be assigned to exactly six stalls, one animal per stall. The stalls are arranged as follows: First Row: 1 2 3 Second Row: 4 5 6 The only stalls that face each other are stalls 1 and 4, stalls 2 and 5, and stalls 3 and 6. The following conditions apply: The tigers' stalls cannot face each other. A lion must be assigned to stall 1 H must be assigned to stall 6. J must be assigned to a stall numbered one higher than K's stall. K cannot be assigned to the stall that faces H's stall. 7. Which one of the following must be true? (A) F is assigned to an even-numbered stall (B) F is assigned to stall 1 (C) J is assigned to stall 2 or else stall 3 (D) J is assigned to stall 3 or else stall 4 (E) K is assigned to stall 2 or else stall 4 8. Which one of the following could be true? (A) F's stall is numbered one higher than J's stall (B) H's stall faces M's stall (C) J is assigned to stall 4 (D) K's stall faces J'S stall (E) K's stall is in a different row than J's stall 9. Which one of the following must be true? (A) A tiger is assigned to stall 2 (B) A tiger is assigned to stall 5 (C) K's stall is in a different row from M's stall (D) Each tiger is assigned to an even-numbered stall (E) Each lion is assigned to a stall that faces a tiger is stall 10. If K's stall is in the same row as H's stall which one of the following must be true? (A) F's stall is in the same row as J's stall (B) F is assigned to a lower-numbered stall than G (C) G is assigned to a lower-numbered stall than M (D) G's stall faces H's stall (E) M's stall is in the same row as G's stall 11. If J is assigned to stall 3, which one of the following could be true? (A) F is assigned to stall 2 (B) F is assigned to stall 4 (C) G is assigned to stall 1 (D) G is assigned to stall 4 (E) M is assigned to stall 5 12. Which one of the following must be true (A) A tiger is assigned to stall 2 (B) A tiger is assigned to stall 4 (C) A tiger is assigned to stall 5 (D) A lion is assigned to stall 3 (E) A lion is assigned to stall 4 SECTION Ⅱ Time-35 minutes 24 Questions Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are bycommonsense standards implausible superfluous or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best 1.The city's center for disease control reports that the rabies eoidemic is more serious now than it was two years ago: two years ago less than 25 percent of the local raccoon population was infected, whereas today the infection has spread to more than 50 percent of the raccoon population. However, the newspaper reports that whereas two years ago 32 cases of rabid raccoons were confirmed during a 12-month period in the past 12 months only 18 cases of rabid raccoons were confirmed. Which one of the following if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the two reports? (A) The number of cases of rabies in wild animals other than raccoons has increased in the past 12 months. (B) A significant proportion of the raccoon population succumbed to rabies in the year before last. (C) The symptoms of distemper another disease to which raccoons are susceptible are usually identical to those of rabies. (D) Since the outbreak of the epidemic, raccoons, which are mormally nocturnal have increasingly been seen during daylight hours (E) The number of confirmed cases of rabid raccoons in neighboring cities has also decreased over the past year 2.Recently, reviewers of patent applications decided against granting a patent to a university for a genetically engineered mouse developed for laboratory use in studying cancer. The reviewers argued that the mouse was a new variety of animal and that rules governing the granting of patents specifically disallow patents for new animal varieties. Which one of the following if true most weakens the patent feviewers argument? (A) The restrictions the patent reviewers cited pertain only to domesticated farm animals. (B) The university's application for a patent for the genetically engineered mouse was the first such patent application made by the university (C) The patent reviewers had reached the same decision on all previous patent requess for new animal varieties. (D) The patent reviewers had in the past approved patents for genetically engineered plant varieties. (E) The patent reviewers had previously decided against granting patents for new animal varieties that were developed through conventional breeding programs rather than through genetic engineering. Questions 3-4 Although water in deep aquifers does not contain disease-causing bacteria, when public water supplies are arawn from deep aquifers chlorine is often added to the water as a disinfectant because contamination can occur as a result of flaws in pipes or storage tanks. Of 50 municipalities that all pumped water from the same deep aquifer 30 chlorinated their water and 20 did not. The water in all of the municipalities met the regional government's standards for cleanliness yet the water supplied by the 20 municipalities that did not chlorinated had less bacterial contamination than the water supplied by the municipalities that added chlorine. 3.Which one of the following can properly be concluded from the information given above? (A) A municipality's initial decision whether or not to use chlorine is based on the amount of bacterial contamination in the water source (B) Water in deep aquifers does not contain any bacteria of any kind (C) Where accessible deep aquifers are the best choice as a source for a municipal water supply (D) The regional government's standards allow some bacteria in municipal water supplies (E) Chlorine is the least effective disinfecting agent 4.Which one of the following, if true, most helps explain the difference in bacterial contamination in the two groups of municipalities? (A) Chlorine is considered by some experts to be dangerous to human health, even in the small concentrations used in municipal water supplies. (B) When municipalities decide not to chlorinate their water supplies, it is usually because their citxens have voiced objections to the taste and smell of chlorine. (C) The municipalities that did not add chlorine to their water supplies also did not add any of the other available water disinfectants which are more expensive than chlorine. (D) Other agents commonly added to public water supplies such as fluoride and sodium hydroxide were not used by any of the 50 municipalities (E) Municipalities that do not chlorinate their water supplies are subject to stricter regulation by the regional government in regard to pipes and water tanks than are municipalities that use chlorine. 5.The population of songbirds throughout England has decreased in recent years. Many people explain this decrease as the result of an increase during the same period in the population of magpies, which eat the eggs and chicks of songbirds. Which one of the following, if true, argues most strongly against the explanation reported in the passage? (A) Official records of the population of birds in England have been kept for only the past 30 years. (B) The number of eggs laid yearly by a female songbird varies widely according to the songbird's species. (C) Although the overall population of magpies has increased, in most areas of England in which the songbird population has decreased the number of magpies has remained stable. (D) The population of magpies has increased because farmers no longer shoot or trap magpies to any greal extent, though farmers. (E) Although magpies eat the eggs and chicks of songbirds, magpies diets consist of a wide variety of other foods as well. 6.The introduction of symbols for numbers is an event lost in prehistory, but the earliest known number symbols, in the form of simple grooves and scratches on bones and stones date back 20,000 years or more. Nevertheless, since it was not until 5,500 years ago that systematic methods for writing numerais were invented, it was only then that any sort of computation became possible. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? (A) Grooves and scratches found on bones and stones were all made by people, and none resulted from natural processes. (B) Some kinds of surfaces upon which numeric symbols could have been made in the period before 5,500 years ago were not used for that purpose. (C) Grooves and scratches inscribed on bones and stones do not date back to the time of the earliest people. (D) Computation of any sort required a systematic method for writing numerals. (E) Systematic methods for writing numerals were invented only because the need for computation arose. 7.Politician: Now that we are finally cleaning up the industrial pollution in the bay, we must start making the bay more accessible to the public for recreational purposes. Reporter: But if we increase public access to the bay, it will soon become polluted again. Politician: Not true. The public did not have access to the bay, and it got polluted. Therefore, if and when the public is given access to the bay, it will not get polluted. Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed pattern of reasoning in the politician's reply to the reporter? (A) If there had been a full moon last night, the tide would be higher than usual today. Since the tide is no higher than usual, there must not have been a full moon last night. (B) The detective said that whoever stole the money would be spending it conspicuously by now. Jones is spending money conspicuously, so he must be the thief. (C) When prisoners convicted of especially violent crimes were kept in solitary confinement, violence in the prisons increased. Therefore, violence in the prisons will not increase if such prisoners are allowed to mix with fellow prisoners. (D) To get a driver's license, one must pass a written test. Smith passed the written test, so she must have gotten a driver's license. (E) In order to like abstract art, you have to understand it . therefore, in order to understand abstract art, you have to like it. 8.Because learned patterns of behavior, such as the association of a green light with "go" or the expectation that switches will flip up for "on" become deeply ingrained designers should make allowances for that fact in order not to produce machines that are inefficient or dangerous. In which one of the following situations is the principle expressed most clearly violated? (A) Manufacturers have refused to change the standard order of letters on the typewriter keyboard even though some people who have over learned to type find this arrangement of letters bewildering (B) Government regulations require that crucial instruments in airplane cockpits-be placed in exactly the same array in all commercial aircraft (C) Automobile manufacturers generally design for all of their automobiles a square or oblong lgnition key and a round or oval luggage compartment key. (D) The only traffic signs that are triangular in shape are "yield" signs. (E) On some tape recorders the "start" button is red and the "stop" button is yellow. 9.From 1973 to 1989 total energy use in this country increased less than 10percent. However, the use of electrical energy in this country during this same period grew by more than 50 percent as did the gross national product-the total value of all goods and services produced in the nation.If the statements above are true, then which one of the following must also be true? (A) Most of the energy used in this country in 1989 was electrical energy. (B) From 1973 to 1989 there was a decline in the use of energy other than electrical energy in this country. (C) From 1973 to 1989 there was an increase in the proportion of energy use in this country that consisted of electrical energy use (D) In 1989 electrical energy constituted a larger proportion of the energy used to produce the gross national product than did any other form of energy. (E) In 1973 the electrical energy that was produced constituted a smaller proportion of the gross national product than did all other forms of energy combined. 10. A fundamental illusion in robotics is the belief that improvements in robots will liberate humanity from "hazardous and demeaning work" Englineers are designing only those types of robots that can be properly maintained with the least expensive, least skilied human labor possible. Therefore, robots will not eliminate demeaning work-only substitute one type of demeaning work for another. The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it (A) ignores the consideration that in a competitive business environment some jobs might be eliminated if robots are not used in the manufacturing process (B) assumes what it sets out to prove, that robots create demeaning work. (C) Does not specify whether or not the engineers who design robots consider their work demeaning (D) Attempts to support its conclusion by an appeal to the emotion of fear, which is often experienced by people faced with the prospect of losing their jobs to robots (E) Fails to address the possibility that the amount of demeaning work eliminated by robots might be significantly greater than the amount they create SECTION Ⅲ Time-35 minutes 26 Questions Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are answer blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet 1.The painted spiders spins webs that are much stickier than the webs spun by the other species of spiders that share the same habitat. Stickler webs are more efficient at trapping insects that fly into them. Spiders prey on insects by trapping them in their webs therefore. If can be concluded that the painted spider is a more successful predator than its competitors Which one of the following if true most seriously weakens the argument? (A) Not all of the species of insects living in the painted spider's habitat are flying insects (B) Butterflies and moths which can shed scales are especially unlikely to be trapped by spider webs that are not very sticky (C) Although the painted spider's venom does not kill insects quickly. It paralyzes them almost instantaneously (D) Stickier webs reflect more light and so are more visible to insects than are less-sticky webs. (E) The webs spun by the painted spider are no larger than the webs spun by the other species of spiders in the same habitat 2.Despite the best efforts of astronomers, no one has yet succeeded in exchanging messages with intelligent life on other planets or in other solar systems. In fact, no one has even managed to prove that any kind of extraterrestrial life exists. Thus, there is clearly no intelligent life anywhere but on Earth. The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument (A) fails to consider that there might be extraterrestrial forms of intelligence that are not living beings (B) confuses an absence of evidence for a nypothesis with the existence of evidence against the hypothesis (C) interprets a disagreement over a scientitic theory as a disproof of that theory (D) makes an inference that relies on the vagueness of the term "life" (E) relies on a weak analogy rather than on evidence to draw a conclusion Questions 3-4 Bart: A mathematical problem that defied solution for hundreds of years has finally yielded to a supercomputer. The process by which the supercomputer derived the result is so complex. However, that no one can fully comprehend it. Consequently, the result is unacceptable. Anne: In scientific research if the results of a test can be replicated in other tests, the results are acceptable even though the way they were derived might not be fully understood. Therefore, if a mathematical result derived by a supercomputer can be reproduced by other supercomputers following the same procedure it is acceptable 3. Bart's argument requires which one of the following assumptions? (A) The mathematical result in question is unacceptable because it was derived with the use of a supercomputer (B) For the mathematical result in question to be someone who can fully comprehend the process by which it was derived. (C) To be acceptable the mathematical result in question must be reproduced on another supercomputer. (D) Making the mathematical result in question less complex would guarantee its acceptablility. (E) The supercomputer cannot derive an acceptable solution to the mathematical problem in question. 4.The exchange between Bart and Anne most strongly supports the view that they disagree as to (A) whether a scientific result that has not been replicated can properly be accepted (B) whether the result that a supercomputer derives for a mathematical problem must be replicated on another supercomputer before it can be accepted (C) the criterion to be used for accepting a mathematical result derived by a supercomputer (D) the level of complexity of the process to which Bart refers in his statements (E) the relative complexity of mathematical preblems as compared to scientific problems 5.