ASTM G155-2013非金属材料曝晒用氙弧灯设备操作规程

Designation: G155 − 13 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non- Metallic Materials1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation G155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatus intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring, and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested. NOTE 1—Practice G151 describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use laboratory light sources. This practice replaces Practice G26, which describes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-arc exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G26 is covered by this practice. 1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon arc light under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of xenon arc light sources and different filter combinations are described. 1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO 4892-1. More specific information about methods for deter- mining the change in properties after exposure and reporting these results is described in Practice D5870. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of the lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimens and operating personnel by an exhaust system. 1.6 This practice is technically similar to the following ISO documents: ISO 4892-2, ISO 11341, ISO 105 B02, ISO 105 B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 B06. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)3 D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001) (With- drawn 2000)3 G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath- ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel- erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources 2.2 CIE Standards: CIE-Publ. No. 85: Recommendations for the Integrated Ir- radiance and the Spectral Distribution of Simulated Solar Radiation for Testing Purposes4 1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.03 on Simulated and Controlled Exposure Tests. Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G155 – 05a. DOI: 10.1520/G0155-13. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. 4 Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42d St., 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036). *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States 1 广州合成材料研究院有限公司（原老化研究所），始建于 1961 年，是在北 京化工研究院广州合成材料老化试验站的基础上组建而成的。当时广州老化试验 站成立于 1956年，起初主要配合当时社会主义阵营中的前苏联，出于战略考虑 对高分子材料（塑料、橡胶、涂料、粘合剂、纤维）进行南亚热带湿润乡村气候 暴露试验。 下设检测站有： 化学工业合成材料老化质量监督检验中心（国家级，原化工部系统） 广东省质量监督涂料产品检验站 广东省质量监督化学试剂检验站 检测范围：塑料、橡胶、涂料、化学试剂、危险化学品等。物理性能、环保 性能、防火性能、老化性能（氙灯老化、紫外老化、碳弧灯老化）、寿命推算、 涂层现场检测、危险品分类等。 我单位的典型客户有： 中国人民解放军总后勤部、公安部第一研究所 港珠澳大桥管理局、大亚湾核电站项目、广佛地铁项目 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司、重庆旺林汽车配件有限公司 宁海鑫城汽车配件有限公司 联系人：冯工 联系方式：座机：020-32373502 手机：13416139183 QQ: 1121826101 ：020-32377155 2.3 International Standards Organization Standards: ISO 1134 Paint and Varnishes—Artificial Weathering Expo- sure to Artificial Radiation to Filtered Xenon Arc Radia- tion5 ISO 105 B02 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B02 Colorfastness to Artificial Light: Xenon Arc Fading Lamp Test5 ISO 105 B04 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B04 Colorfastness to Artificial Weathering: Xenon Arc Fading Lamp Test5 ISO 105 B05 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B05 Detection and Assessment of Photochromism5 ISO 105 B06 Textiles—Tests for Colorfastness—Part B06 Colorfastness to Artificial Light at High Temperatures: Xenon Arc Fading Lamp Test5 ISO 4892-1 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources, Part 1, General Guidance5 ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources, Part 2, Xenon-Arc Sources5 2.4 Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standards: SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon- Arc Apparatus6 SAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Ap- paratus 6 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 As used in this practice, the term sunlight is identical to the terms daylight and solar irradiance, global as they are defined in Terminology G113. 4. Summary of Practice 4.1 Specimens are exposed to repetitive cycles of light and moisture under controlled environmental conditions. 4.1.1 Moisture is usually produced by spraying the test specimen with demineralized/deionized water or by condensa- tion of water vapor onto the specimen. 4.2 The exposure condition may be varied by selection of: 4.2.1 Lamp filter(s), 4.2.2 The lamp’s irradiance level, 4.2.3 The type of moisture exposure, 4.2.4 The timing of the light and moisture exposure, 4.2.5 The temperature of light exposure, 4.2.6 The temperature of moisture exposure, and 4.2.7 The timing of a light/dark cycle. 4.3 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless reproducibility has been established among devices for the material to be tested. 4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed in different models of apparatus should not be made unless correlation has been established among devices for the material to be tested. 5. Significance and Use 5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property changes associated with the end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may include a means to introduce moisture to the test specimen. Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight through window glass. Typically, these exposures would in- clude moisture in the form of humidity. NOTE 2—Caution: Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance applicable to all laboratory weathering devices. 5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the specific operating conditions in conformance with the Report Section. 5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes. It is best practice to use control materials known to have relatively poor and good durability. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results. 6. Apparatus 6.1 Laboratory Light Source—The light source shall be one or more quartz jacketed xenon arc lamps which emit radiation from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible spectrum and into the infrared. In order for xenon arcs to simulate terrestrial daylight, filters must be used to remove short wavelength UV radiation. Filters to reduce irradiance at wavelengths shorter than 310 nm must be used to simulate daylight filtered through window glass. In addition, filters to remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic heating of test specimens that can cause thermal degradation not experienced during outdoor exposures. 6.1.1 The following factors can affect the spectral power distribution of filtered xenon arc light sources as used in these apparatus: 6.1.1.1 Differences in the composition and thickness of filters can have large effects on the amount of short wavelength UV radiation transmitted. 6.1.1.2 Aging of filters can result in changes in filter transmission. The aging properties of filters can be influenced 5 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 6 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. G155 − 13 2 by the composition. Aging of filters can result in a significant reduction in the short wavelength UV emission of a xenon burner. 6.1.1.3 Accumulation of deposits or other residue on filters can effect filter transmission. 6.1.1.4 Aging of the xenon burner itself can result in changes in lamp output. Changes in lamp output may also be caused by accumulation of dirt or other residue in or on the burner envelope. 6.1.2 Follow the device manufacturer’s instructions for recommended maintenance. 6.1.3 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc with Daylight Filters—Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in a simulation of terrestrial sunlight. The spectral power distri- bution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters7,8 shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 1. 6.1.4 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Window Glass Filters—Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in a simulation of sunlight filtered through window glass.9Table 2 shows the relative spectral power distribution limits for xenon arcs filtered with window glass filters. The spectral power distribution of xenon arcs with new or pre-aged filters shall comply with the requirements specified in Table 2. 6.1.5 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Extended UV Filters—Filter that transmit more short wavelength UV are sometimes used to accelerate test result. Although this type of filter has been specified in some tests, they transmit significant radiant energy below 300 nm (the typical cut-on wavelength for terrestrial sunlight) and may result in aging processes not occurring outdoors. The spectral irradiance for a xenon arc with extended UV filters shall comply with the requirements of Table 3. 7 Ketola, W., Skogland, T., Fischer, R., “Effects of Filter and Burner Aging on the Spectral Power Distribution of Xenon Arc Lamps,” Durability Testing of Non- Metallic Materials, ASTM STP 1294, Robert Herling, Editor, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1995. 8 Searle, N. D., Giesecke, P., Kinmonth, R., and Hirt, R. C., “ Ultraviolet Spectral Distributions and Aging Characteristics of Xenon Arcs and Filters,” Applied Optics, Vol. No. 8, 1964, pp. 923–927. 9 Ketola, W., Robbins, J. S., “UV Transmission of Single Strength Window Glass,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, Editors, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1993. TABLE 1 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution Specification for Xenon Arc with Daylight FiltersA,B Spectral Bandpass Wavelength λ in nm Minimum PercentC Benchmark Solar Radiation PercentD,E,F Maximum PercentC λ < 290 0.15 290 # λ # 320 2.6 5.8 7.9 320 < λ # 360 28.3 40.0 40.0 360 < λ # 400 54.2 54.2 67.5 A Data in Table 1 are the irradiance in the given bandpass expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 290 to 400 nm. The manufacturer is responsible for determining conformance to Table 1. Annex A1 states how to determine relative spectral irradiance. B The data in Table 1 are based on the rectangular integration of 112 spectral power distributions for water and air cooled xenon-arcs with daylight filters of various lots and ages. The spectral power distribution data is for filters and xenon-burners within the aging recommendations of the device manufacturer. The minimum and maximum data are at least the three sigma limits from the mean for all measurements. C The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minimum and maximum for the data used. For any individual spectral power distribution, the calculated percentage for the bandpasses in Table 1 will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-lamp with daylight filters, the calculated percentage in each bandpass must fall within the minimum and maximum limits of Table 1. Test results can be expected to differ between exposures using xenon arc devices in which the spectral power distributions differ by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the manufacturer of the xenon-arc devices for specific spectral power distribution data for the xenon-arc and filters used. D The benchmark solar radiation data is defined in ASTM G177 and is for atmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the fraction of short wavelength solar UV. This data is provided for comparison purposes only. E Previous versions of this standard used solar radiation data from Table 4 of CIE Publication Number 85. See Appendix X4 for more information comparing the solar radiation data used in this standard with that for CIE 85 Table 4. F For the benchmark solar spectrum, the UV irradiance (290 to 400 nm) is 9.8 % and the visible irradiance (400 to 800 nm) is 90.2 % expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 290 to 800 nm. The percentages of UV and visible irradiances on samples exposed in xenon arc devices may vary due to the number and reflectance properties of specimens being exposed. TABLE 2 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution Specification for Xenon-Arc with Window Glass FiltersA,B Spectral Bandpass Wavelength λ in nm Minimum PercentC Window Glass Filtered Solar Radiation PercentD,E,F Maximum PercentC λ < 300 0.0 0.29 300 # λ # 320 0.1 # 0.5 2.8 320 < λ # 360 23.8 34.2 35.5 360 < λ # 400 62.5 65.3 76.1 A Data in Table 2 are the irradiance in the given bandpass expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 300 to 400 nm. The manufacturer is responsible for determining conformance to Table 2. Annex A1 states how to determine relative spectral irradiance. B The data in Table 2 are based on the rectangular integration of 36 spectral power distributions for water cooled and air cooled xenon-arcs with window glass filters of various lots and ages. The spectral power distribution data is for filters and xenon-burners within the aging recommendations of the device manufacturer. The minimum and maximum data are at least the three sigma limits from the mean for all measurements. C The minimum and maximum columns will not necessarily sum to 100 % because they represent the minimum and maximum for the data used. For any individual spectral power distribution, the calculated percentage for the bandpasses in Table 2 will sum to 100 %. For any individual xenon-lamp with window glass filters, the calculated percentage in each bandpass must fall within the minimum and maximum limits of Table 2. Test results can be expected to differ between exposures using xenon arc devices in which the spectral power distributions differ by as much as that allowed by the tolerances. Contact the manufacturer of the xenon-arc devices for specific spectral power distribution data for the xenon-arc and filters used. D The window glass filtered solar data is for a solar spectrum with atmospheric conditions and altitude chosen to maximize the fraction of short wavelength solar UV (defined in ASTM G177) that has been filtered by window glass. The glass transmission is the average for a series of single strength window glasses tested as part of a research study for ASTM Subcommittee G3.02.9 While this data is provided for comparison purposes only, it is desirable for a xenon-arc with window glass filters to provide a spectrum that is a close match to this window glass filtered solar spectrum. E Previous versions of this standard used window glass filtered solar radiation data based on Table 4 of CIE Publication Number 85. See Appendix X4 for more information comparing the solar radiation data used in the standard with that for CIE 85 Table 4. F For the benchmark window glass filtered solar spectrum, the UV irradiance (300 to 400 nm) is 8.2 % and the visible irradiance (400 to 800 nm) is 91.8 % expressed as a percentage of the total irradiance from 300 to 800 nm. The percentages of UV and visible irradiances on samples exposed in xenon arc devices with window glass filters may vary due to the number and reflectance properties of specimens being exposed, and the UV transmission of the window glass filters used. G155 − 13 3 6.1.6 The actual irradiance at the tester’s specimen plane is a function of the number of xenon burners used, the power applied to each, and the distance between the test specimens and the xenon burner. If appropriate, report the irradiance and the bandpass in which it was measured. 6.2 Test Chamber—The design of the test chamber may vary, but it should be constructed from corrosion resistant material and, in addition to the radiant source, may provide for means of controlling temperature and relative humidity. When required, provision shall be made for the spraying of water on the test specimen, for the formation of condensate on the exposed face of the specimen or for the immersion of the test specimen in water. 6.2.1 The radiation source(s) shall be located with respect to the specimens such that the irradiance at the specimen face complies with the requirements in Practice G151. 6.3 Instrument Calibration—To ensure standardization and accuracy, the instruments associated with the exposure appa- ratus (that is, timers, thermometers, wet bulb sensors, dry bulb sensors, humidity sensors, UV sensors, radiometers) require periodic calibration to ensure repeatability of test results. Whenever possible, calibration should be traceable to national or international standards. Calibration schedule and procedure should be in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. 6.4 Radiometer—The use of a radiometer to monitor and control the amount of rad