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1 Chapter 1 History Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1. _________ In 43 A.D. Roman Emperor Julius Caesar invaded England. �F 2. ________ The month “July”, in fact, is named after Julius Caesar himself. 答案�T 3. ________The best-known English legend, King Arthur, derives from the Anglo-Saxons‟ time. 答案�T 4. ________ Robin Hood is a story about the Viking invasion of England. 答案�F 5. ________ In the early stage of the Hundred Years‟ War, the English won great victories. 答案�T 6. ________The ruling Normans regarded England as their home after the Hundred Years‟ War. 答案�T 7. ________ Henry VII ended the Wars of the Roses and founded the Tudor Monarchy. 答案�F 8. ________ English drama flourished during Elizabeth I era. 答案�T 9. ________ Oliver Cromwell believed in the old theory “Divine right of Kings”. 答案�F 10. ________After World War II, the British economy became the 2 nd largest power in the world. 答案�F 11. ________ American Indians came from India 25,000 years ago. 答案�F 12. ________ American Indians developed the brilliant culture of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. 答案�T 13. ________ Columbus was the first European to set foot in what was to be called America. 答案�T 14. ________ America was named after the great discoverer Amerigo Vespucci. 答案�T 15. ________ The first permanent English colony was founded in 1607 in Boston. 答案�F 16. ________ Thanksgiving Day came from Britain. 答案�F 17. ________ By the early 1760s, the English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast. 2 答案�T 18. ________The Declaration of Independence officially announced the independence of 13 North American colonies. 答案�T 19. ________ Benjamin Franklin became the first American President. 答案�F 20. ________ The United States did not enter World War I. 答案�F Fill in the blanks with the correct information. 1. The golden-haired ________ are the natives of Britain, who were later called the Briton. 答案: Celts 2. In 55 and 43 A.D. Britain was invaded twice by the ________. 答案: Romans 3. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in the ________ century. 答案: 5 th 4. In the late 8 th century they experienced _______ invasion from Denmark and in _________ they suffered Norman Conquest. 答案: Viking; 1066 5. Joan of Arc is a famous national heroine of French in the ___________________. 答案: Hundred Years‟ War 6. The Wars of the Roses were fought between the House of __________ and the House of Lancaster. 答案: York 7. The direct cause of King Henry VIII‟s Religious Reformation was to _____ his wife. 答案: divorce 8. Charles I ruled the country without Parliament for _______ years. 答案: 11 9. ______________ was also known as the “Virgin Queen” and____________ had the longest rule in English history. 答案: Elizabeth I; Queen Victoria 10. After World War I, Britain was overtaken by__________. 答案: America 11. Columbus discovered the New World in the year of________. 答案: 1492 12. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established in ________ in the year of ________. 答案: Virginia; 1607 13. _________________ is a purely American holiday. 答案: Thanksgiving Day 14. By the 1760s, the English settlers had established _________ colonies along the Atlantic coast. 3 答案: 13 15. ___________________ declared the birth of America. 答案: Declaration of Independence 16. Independence Day is celebrated on _________________. 答案: 4 th of July 17. The book _____________________ aroused a great discontent over slavery. 答案: Uncle Tom’s Cabin 18. The American Civil War officially ended in the year of __________. 答案: 1865 19. After __________ the U.S. had changed from a debtor country to a creditor country. 答案: World War I 20. After __________ the U.S. became the strongest power in the world. 答案: World War II Choose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text. 1. Which of the following is a famous prehistoric monument? (a) Stonehenge (b) Hadrian‟s Wall (c) Westminster Abby (d) Tower of London 答案: (a) 2. ________ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. (a) The Romans (b) The Anglo-Saxons (c) The Vikings (d) The Normans 答案: (b) 3. Which of the following is NOT part of Britain‟s civilization brought by Roman invasion? (a) The names of English month came from Roman gods and rulers. (b) They built towns, temples and roads. (c) They built the Hardin‟s Wall. (d) They built Westminster Abby. 答案: (d) 4. Westminster Abbey was built at the time of ___________. (a) Roman invasion (b) Anglo-Saxons invasion (c) Viking invasion (d) Norman Conquest 答案: (c) 4 5. The Tower of London, located in the centre of London, was built by___________. (a) King Harold (b) Robin Hood (c) Oliver Cromwell (d) William the Conqueror 答案: (d) 6. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___________. (a) the House of York (b) the House of Lancaster (c) the House of Tudor (d) the House of Stuart 答案: (c) 7. The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ____________. (a) Nobles and peasants (b) Roundheads and the Cavaliers (c) Charles I and the Cavaliers (d) House of York and House of Lancaster 答案: (b) 8. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the British Civil War? (a) Charles I was executed. (b) Charles II was exiled. (c) The Commonwealth of England was formed. (d) The Stuart kingdom was restored. 答案: (d) 9. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Elizabeth I? (a) Railways were built. (b) The first settlers were sent to America. (c) English drama and poetry thrived. (d) The English navy defeated the Spanish Armada. 答案: (a) 10. Which of the following is NOT an achievement under the rule of Queen Victoria? (a) Railways were built. (b) Most people lived in villages and worked on the land. (c) Factories and machines were built to meet people‟s demand. (d) Britain became the richest country in the world. 答案: (b) 11. Which of the following is NOT true about American Indians? 5 (a) They are descendants of Mongoloid. (b) They crossed the Bering Strait to Alaska. (c) They grew corn only. (d) They developed brilliant civilizations. 答案: (c) 12. _______________ confirmed that a new continent rather than India was found. (a) Christopher Columbus (b) Amerigo Vespucci (c) King James I (d) Queen Elizabeth 答案: (b) 13. The Mayflower was a ship taken by _______________. (a) Christopher Columbus (b) Amerigo Vespucci (c) a group of people who wanted to get hold of treasures (d) a group of people who desired free religious practice 答案: (d) 14. Which of the following was a direct cause of Boston Tea Party in 1773? (a) Quartering Act (b) Stamp Act (c) Tea Act (d) Taxation on sugar and coffee 答案: (c) 15. Which of the following took the function of a national government in the War of Independence? (a) The First Continental Congress (b) The Second Continental Congress (c) The Confederate States (d) The Union States 答案: (b) 16. "No taxation without representation" was the slogan of ___________. (a) the settlers of Virginia (b) the slaves of America (c) the Indians of America (d) the people of the 13 colonial Americans 答案: (d) 17. ___________ was the first president of the United States of America. (a) Benjamin Franklin 6 (b) Thomas Jefferson (c) George Washington (d) Abraham Lincoln 答案: (c) 18. Which of the following was NOT a cause of American Civil War? (a) Religious oppression (b) Economic interests of the South and North (c) Political conflict between the South and North (d) Slavery 答案: (a) 19. ___________ granted freedom to all slaves in the U.S. (a) The Quartering Act (b) The Stamp Act (c) The Declaration of Independence (d) Emancipation Proclamation 答案: (d) 20. The Bombing of Pearl Harbor led to America‟s involvement in ___________. (a) the War of Independence (b) the Civil War (c) World War I (d) World War II 答案: (d) Explain the following terms. 1. The Anglo-Saxons In the 5 th century, the tribes called the Angles and Saxons invaded Britain, coming from northern Europe. By the end of the 5 th century, the Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain. Their language was called Old English. From them comes the name of “England” and “English”; England came from “Angle-land” meaning the land of the Anglo-Saxons. 2. Norman Conquest After King Edward died, Duke William of Normandy, from northern France, declared that Edward had promised to let him become the king. On October 14, 1066, William and his army invaded England and defeated the English army. He was made king and crowned in Westminster Abby on Christmas Day, 1066. William is often referred to as William the Conqueror in English history. 3. Robin Hood England's best-loved legend of Robin Hood is an outlawed Saxon nobleman oppressed by the Normans. He hid in the forest near Sherwood with his band of followers, called “merry men”. From this secret wood, they went out to rob from the rich to give to the poor with their longbows. 7 Robin Hood has been a popular subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics and plays. 4. The Hundred Years‟ War At the beginning of the 14 th century, England developed into a stronger state in Europe. Consequently, the rich wanted to control more markets and the nobles wanted to regain their lost land. When King Edward III of England declared that he should become the French king, the French rejected his claim so he declared war on France in 1337. The war lasted intermittently for 116 years, hence being known as the Hundred Years‟ War. 5. The Civil War In January 1642 the Civil War broke out between the Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King). The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory and it led to the execution of Charles I, and his son Charles II was driven out of the country in 1649. In addition to that, Oliver Cromwell, the leader of the Roundheads, formed republican England, known as the Commonwealth of England and the English monarchy was abolished. 6. American Indians The American Indians were the descendants of the Mongoloid. The name “Indians” was given by Columbus when he mistook them for the people of India. It is believed that about 25,000 years ago the Indians crossed the Bering Strait land bridge to Alaska. The American Indians developed the brilliant civilizations of the Aztecs, the Incas and the Mayas. 7. Columbus‟ “discovery ” of America In 1492, Columbus persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance his voyage. He believed that by sailing west from Europe, he could reach India. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Caribbean islands instead. He mistook these islands for part of India and called the local people Indians. 8. The Mayflower The Mayflower has a famous position in American history as a symbol of early European colonization. With their religion oppressed by the Church of England, in the autumn of 1620, 102 people sailed to the New World in a ship named the “Mayflower”. Late in December, the Mayflower finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. 9. Declaration of Independence On July 2, 1776, the Congress finally determined that these United Colonies ought to be free and independent states. Thomas Jefferson, assisted by Benjamin Franklin, drafted the Declaration of Independence, which the Congress adopted on July 4, 1776. It announced the independence of 13 North American colonies and the birth of a new nation. 10. Abraham Lincoln In March 1861 Abraham Lincoln took the office of president. He realized that by making the war a battle against slavery, he could win support for the Union at home and abroad. On January 1, 8 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves. Chapter 2 Geography Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1. ________ Britain is situated in Western Europe. 答案�T 2. ________The island of Great Britain occupies more than 90% of the territory of the U.K. 答案�T 3.________ People of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland do not like to be called English people. 答案�T 4.________ Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. 答案�F 5.________ Britain has a cold maritime climate. 答案�F 6. ________ The cheapest way to get around London is no doubt London's underground network. 答案�F 7. ________ Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the world. 答案�T 8. ________ Only the Old Town district of Edinburgh was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. 答案�F 9. ________ The Lake District is closely related with English literature in the 19 th century. 答案�T 10. ________ The Lake District National Park is one of fourteen national parks in the United Kingdom. 答案�T 11. ________ The whole country of the U.S. is situated in the central part of North America. 答案�F 12. ________ Alaska is the largest state in the U.S. 答案�T 13. ________ The longest river in North America is the Missouri River. 答案�F 14.________ Washington, D.C., as the capital of the United States, is governed directly by the District of Columbia. 答案�F 15. ________ Washington is often called "The City that Never Sleeps". 答案�F 9 16.________ New York was founded as a commercial trading post by the Dutch East India Company. 答案�T 17. ________ The headquarters of the United Nations is located in the city of Washington. 答案�F 18. ________ The city of San Francisco is the most populous city in the U.S. 答案�F 19. ________ Hollywood is governed by its honorary mayor. 答案�F 20.________ Only Lake Michigan is entirely within the U.S. 答案�T Fill in the blanks with the correct information. 1. Britain is separated from the European continent by__________, the Strait of Dover and _____________. 答案: the North Sea; the English Channel 2. Britain is made up of many islands collectively known as the British Isles, of which ___________ and __________ are the two main islands. 答案: Great Britain; Ireland 3. Geographically, the island of Great Britain can be divided into two major regions —____________ and _____________. 答案: the highland zone; the lowland zone 4. The northern part of the island of Ireland is part of the United Kingdom, while _____________________, which occupies the southern part of the island, is an independent country. 答案: the Republic of Ireland 5. __________ is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom. 答案: London 6. __________ is the Queen's official and main royal London home. 答案: Buckingham Palace 7. When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag, referred to as _______________, flying from the flagpole on top of Buckingham Palace. 答案: the Royal Standard 8. Edinburgh is well known for the annual _______________, the world‟s largest arts festival. 答案: Edinburgh Festival 9. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in _____________. 答案: the British Isles 10. _______________ is a natural product made only from cereals, water and yeast. 答案: Scotch Whisky 11. The United States is the ________ largest country in the world. 答案: 4 th 12. The U.S. is bordered by ______ on the north and by ______ and the Gulf of 10 Mexico on the south. 答案: Canada; Mexico 13. Hawaii is situated in the central __________. 答案: Pacific Ocean 14. The central part of the United States is composed of vast plains between _____________ and _______________. 答案: the Appalachian Mountains; the Rocky Mountains 15. It is extremely _______ in northern Alaska but quite _______ and humid in southern Florida and Hawaii. 答案: cold; mild 16. The District of Columbia was named after ______________ while the city of Washington was named after ______________. 答案: Christopher Columbus; George Washington 17. The famous New York Stock Exchange is just on _____________ of Manhattan. 答案: Wall Street 18. The Chinatown in _____________ is the oldest Chinatown in North America. 答案: San Francisco 19. The Kodak Theatre, which opened in 2001 on Hollywood Boulevard at Highland Avenue, has become the new home of ___________. 答案: the Oscars 20. The _______________ is nearly a three-and-a-half-mile round-trip walk. 答案: Walk of Fame Choose the correct answer on the basis of what is stated in the text. 1. Why was Britain known as “an empire on which the sun never sets”? (a) Because it used to be the largest country in the world. (b) Because it was once one of the oldest and strongest colonial powers in the world. (c) Because it had bought a lot of islands around the world. (d) Because it used to be the greatest industrialized country in the world. 答案: (b) 2. The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts:________. (a) Ireland, Scotland, and Wales (b) England, Scotland, and Ireland (c) England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (d) England, Scotland, and Wales 答案: (d) 3. The capital of Northern Ireland is________. (a) London (b) Belfast (c) Cardiff (d) Edinburgh 11 答案: (b) 4. Britain has a _______ climate. (a) temperate (b) maritime (c) stable (d) both a and b 答案: (d) 5. Britain is often ______ in winter. (a) warm (b) very cold (c) foggy (d) sunny 答案: (c) 6. The capital of Britain is in _______. (a) England (b) Scotland (c) Wales (d) Northern Ireland 答案: (a) 7. ________ flows through the city of London. (a) The Forth River (b) The Clyde River (c) The Tay River (d) The River Thames 答案: (d) 8. Which of the following is NOT a World Heritage Site? (a) The Tower of London (b) The historic settlement of Greenwich (c) The Big Ben (d) The Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church 答案: (c) 9. _______________over the River Thames has also become one of the symbols of the city. (a) The Tower Bridge of London (b) St. Paul‟s Cathedral (c) The British Museum (d) The Bridge of London 答案: (a) 12 10. Windermere is the largest natural _______ in England. (a) lake (b) river (c) mountain (d) valley 答案: (a) 11. Alaska was bought by the USA from ___________ in 1867. (a) Russia (b) the former USSR (c) China (d) Canada 答案: (a) 12. _________ is the fiftieth state of the U.S. (a) Alaska (b) Hawaii (c) Kentucky (d) California 答案: (b) 13. _______________ is known as the “father of waters” to American Indians. (a) The River Thames (b) The Missouri River (c) The Tay River (d) The Mississippi River 答案: (d) 14. The White House has been the executive residence of every U.S. President since ______________. (a) Christopher Columbus (b) John Adams (c) Abraham Lincoln (d) George Washington 答案: (b) 15. In the East Wing of the White House you can find ______________. (a) the Oval Office (b) the executive offices of the President (c) the executive offices of the Vice President (d) the office of the First Lady 答案: (a) 16. The city of New York consists of some boroughs EXCEPT ___________. 13 (a) The Bronx (b) Brooklyn (c) Queensland (d) Queens 答案: (c) 17. New York has been home to several of the tallest bu