中国文化英语教程Unit6

Unit6ChineseCharacters:PoeticSymbols?Lead-in?Textstudy?ExercisesContentLead-inLead-in?Introduction?SymbolsofSentiment?GracefulOlympicSymbolsTextstudyIntroduction?Accordingtolegend,ChinesecharacterswereinventedbyCangjie(仓颉),abureaucratunderthelegendaryYellowEmperor.?TheearliestsurvivingexamplesofwritinginChinaareinscriptionsonso-called“oraclebones”,tortoiseshellsandoxscapulae(肩胛骨)usedfordivination(占卜),datingfromaround1200BCinthelateShangdynasty.甲骨文AnoracleboneunearthedinAnyang,HenanProvinceIntroductionUnification?Sealscript,whichhadevolvedslowlyinthestateofQinduringtheEasternZhouDynasty,becamestandardizedandadoptedastheformalscriptforallofChinaintheQinDynasty.IntroductionSimplification?AlthoughmostoftenassociatedwiththePeople'sRepublicofChina,charactersimplificationpredatesthe1949communistvictory.?Examples:愛?爱鄉?乡義?义導?导親?亲Introduction?ThenumberofChineselanguagelearnersacrosstheworldhasbeenontheriseinrecentyears.?Somelearnersmayexperiencethegratificationofdiscoveringhistoricalandculturalelementsintheprocess.Introduction?Somepictographic(象形文字的)symbolsofChinesecharactersexpresspeople'skeenobservationandexperienceoftheworld.?SomeEuropeanpoetshavefoundChinesecharactersinspiringtotheirimagination.?EzraPound(1885-1972),forexample,waswellknownforhisadmirationofChinesecharacters.Whenhesawthecharacter旦inthedictionary,hewasremindedofthemorningsun.SymbolsofSentimentNote:EzraPound:埃兹拉·庞德。美国诗人、翻译家、评论家、意象派诗歌代表人物，曾帮助T．S．Eliot，Joyce和Hemingway手发表早期作品，对英美现代文学发展作出重要贡献。?Pound'spoeticallusions(影射)arenotwithoutbasis.Anumberofcharacterscontainingaasanelementallrelatetotherisingorsettingofthesun.Forexample:SymbolsofSentimentCharacterMeaningofthepartsMeaningofthecharacter旦日：thesunThesunrisingonthehorizon.一：thehorizon東lookslikethesunrisingfromaforest.east:the“sun”and“grass”themorningsunrisingandshiningovertheflowingriver:rive?Fudan(复旦)means“Thesunandmoonrisedayafterday”,itistoencouragestudentstoacquirenewknowledgeeveryday.SymbolsofSentiment?東SymbolsofSentimentSymbolsofSentiment?暮wasoriginallywrittenas莫:SymbolsofSentiment?明depictsasceneofthemoonshiningthroughthewindow.SymbolsofSentiment?Thecomplexcharacterfor“beauty”(丽)iswrittenas麗.Itresemblestwodeerrunningsidebysideonamountain.SymbolsofSentimentGracefulOlympicSymbolsGracefulOlympicSymbols?The2008OlympicsGamesadoptedasetofsymbolstorepresentthebeautyofChinesecalligraphy.?BycombiningcertainfeaturesofdifferenttraditionalformsofChinesecharacters,thesymbolsappearbothlivelyandhighlyrepresentativeofthesportstheystandfor.?ThecalligraphysymbolsforBeijingOlympicsweredesignedtorepresentthe“BeautyofSealCharacter”.ChangesofChinesecharactersGracefulOlympicSymbols甲骨文【商】?金文【周】?(大篆)【秦】?小篆【秦】?隶书【汉】?草书【唐】、楷书【唐】、行书【唐】?Atitsbeginning,Chineseincludedlanguagepictures,whichbecamefewerandfewerduringtheperiodoftheoracle-bone(甲骨)inscriptions(铭文).?A“sealcharacter”isatypeofChinesecalligraphyoftencarvedonseals.GracefulOlympicSymbols?Thesealcharactersfeaturesmootherandrhythmiclines,andthushaveamoreappealingappearance.?Therearetwotypesofsealcharacters:thedazhuan,orgreaterseal,andthexiaozhuan,orlesserseal.GracefulOlympicSymbols?Thegreatersealisalsoknownasbronzeinscription,becauseitwasoftenusedforcarvinginscriptionsonbronzewareinancienttimes.?ThelessersealwasthescripttheFirstEmperorofQin(r.246-210BC)adoptedforthewholecountry,whenheunitedChinain221BC.GracefulOlympicSymbolsLookatthepicture,canyoufindanydifferencebetweengreatersealandlessersealinthefollowingpicture?What'sit?Comparedtogreaterseal,lessersealismoresimplified.GracefulOlympicSymbolsExamplesofOlympicsymbols?Theupperpartisasymbolfor“person”,whilethelowerpartisasymbolfor“water”.Theswimmerstrokesthewaterwithvigor,impartingastrongsenseofmotion.?Ifwetakealookatthesealcharacterfor“walk”,wemakeoutaclearconnectionbetweentheOlympicsymbolandthecharacter:theupperpartfor“swingingarms”andthelowerpartfor“walkinglegs”.ThegentleandflowinglinesinthelowerpartoftheOlympicsymbolaresimilartothesealcharacterfor“water”.GracefulOlympicSymbols?Thissymbolisaptlytakenfromthesealcharacterfor“dance”.Thedancerslightlytilts(使倾侧)hisheadtooneside,leanshisbodyforward,swingshisarmsbackandforth,andliftshislegsinarunningfashion.?Thesymbol,athleticyetgraceful,hasalsobeenadoptedforthe“triathlon(铁人三项)”and“football”.GracefulOlympicSymbolsExercises?Comprehension?Communication?ApplicationComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)EveryChinesecharacterhasapictographicsymboltoshowitsmeaning(s).___2)Thecharacter旦ismentionedtoshowthatChinesecharactersareeasytorecognize,andevenforeignerscanunderstandthemthroughtheirpictographicsymbols.___3)InParagraph4,severalcharacterscontainingElasanelementaregivenasexamplestoillustratethatsuchcharactersrelatetotherisingorsettingofthesun.___4)The20080lympicsymbolswereadoptedmainlytomakeiteasierfortheforeignerstounderstandtheirmeanings.___5)The20080lympicsymbolsweredesignedtorepresentthebeautyofsealcharacters.ComprehensionII.CarefulReading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1)WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?___A.Aspiration.B.Imagination.C.Creativity.D.Allusion.Comprehension2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenameofFudanUniversity?___A.Thecharactersbothstandforhesunrisingonthehorizon.B.ThenameistakenfromaChineseclassicalpoem.C.Thenameencouragesthestudentstogetupearlyinthemorning.D.Thecharactersareintendedtotellthestudentstomakeprogressdaybyday.Comprehension3)Whichofthefollowinglanguagesmostlyconsistsoflanguagepictures?___A.MandarinChinese.B.HieroglyphsofancientEgypt.C.Oracle-boneinscription.D.Sealcharacters.4)Thesymbolfor“swimming”isclosestto___.A.oracle-boneinscriptionB.MandarinChineseC.sealcharactersD.noneoftheaboveComprehension5)Thesymbolfor“athletics”containstheingredientsof___.A.dancingandrunningB.runningandswingingC.dancingandswingingD.triathlonandfootballComprehension2.FindfromthepassagetheEnglishinterpretationsofthefollowingcharacterscontaining日asanelement.CharactersInterpretations1）旦2）朝3）暮4）明thesunrisingonthehorizonthemorningsunrisingandshiningovertheflowingriverthesunsettingintoaforestthemoonshiningthroughthewindowComprehensionThefollowingarethreegroupsofChinesecharactersbelongingtodifferentwordformations.Studythemcarefullyandexplainbrieflyhowtheyareformed.CommunicationGroup1Group2林，明，安，品，孬，酒，鸣，炎，男Group3沐，河，湖，樱，固，病，园，晴，唱ApplicationWiththeintroductionandspreadingofWesterncultureinrecentdecades,somepeoplethoughtthatChinesecharacterswereadragonthedevelopmentofChina,advocatingannulling(废除)them.Andwiththedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,somepeoplecomplainedabouttheinconvenienceChinesecharacterscaused.ThelanguageauthoritydeclaredapubliccommentperiodonAugust13th,2009forfeedbackfromthepublicaboutfurthersimplificationofChinesecharacters,whicharousedawidecontroversy.Whatisyouropinionaboutit?