考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析

第PAGE165页共NUMPAGES165页2010年考研英语二真题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA;B;CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.10pointsTheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11;2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia;andrising__3__inBritain;Japan;Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"__4__"inseverity;accordingtoMargaretChan;theorganization'sdirectorgeneral;__5__theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery;ofteninthe__6__ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal__7__inlateApril2009;whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic;casesbeganto__9__inNewYorkCity;thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates;newcasesseemedtofade__10__warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009;officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe__12__testedarethenewswineflu;alsoknownasAH1N1;notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.;ithas__13__morethanonemillionpeople;andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6;000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials__14__Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan__15__ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine;whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine;is__16__aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009;thoughmostofthose__17__doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype;whichisnot__18__forpregnantwomen;peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties;heartdiseaseorseveralother__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers;people__20__infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.1AcriticizedBappointedCcommentedDdesignated2AproceededBactivatedCfollowedDprompted3AdigitsBnumbersCamountsDsums4AmoderateBnormalCunusualDextreme5AwithBinCfromDby6AprogressBabsenceCpresenceDfavor7ArealityBphenomenonCconceptDnotice8.AoverBforCamongDto9AstayupBcropupCfillupDcoverup10AasBifCunlessDuntil11AexcessiveBenormousCsignificantDmagnificent12AcategoriesBexamplesCpatternsDsamples13AimpartedBimmerseCinjectedDinfected14AreleasedBrelayedCrelievedDremained15AplacingBdeliveringCtakingDgiving16AfeasibleBavailableCreliableDapplicable17AprevalentBprincipalCinnovativeDinitial18ApresentedBrestrictedCrecommendedDintroduced19AproblemsBissuesCagoniesDsufferings20AinvolvedinBcaringforCconcernedwithDwardingoffSectionSectionⅡReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA;B;CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst;BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever;atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold;fetchingmorethanā70m;arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids;inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet;LehmanBrothers;filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion;reckonsClareMcAndrew;founderofArtsEconomics;aresearchfirm—doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth;enormousegos;greed;passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale;spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds;andinthemostoverheatedsector;theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhouses;Sotheby’sandChristie’s;hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage;thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman;Christie’schiefexecutive;says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast;hesays;isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs—death;debtanddivorce—stilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway;waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph;DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because____.A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoriesB.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”Para.3;theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtureA.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.C.Theartmarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingImpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom--awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate'70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbandsA.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.27.Judgingfromthecontext;thephrase“wreakinghavoc”Line3;Para.2mostprobablymeans___.A.generatingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistextA.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext;theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerTxet3overthepastdecade;manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks;applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking;ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems;likehandwashingwithsoap;thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits;”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble;Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough;you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums;skinmoisturizers;disinfectingwipes;airfresheners;waterpurifiers;healthsnacks;antiperspirants;colognes;teethwhiteners;fabricsofteners;vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago;fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today;becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns;manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday;oftenwithColgate;Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago;manypeopledidn’tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings;andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum;onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys;isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals;slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns;”saidCarolBerning;aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble;thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide;Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers’lives;andit’sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation;socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged;controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis;habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.AshouldbefurthercultivatedBshouldbechangedgraduallyCaredeepiyrootedinhistoryDarebasicallyprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater;chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____Arevealtheirimpactonpeople’habitsBshowtheurgentneedofdailynecessitiesCindicatetheireffectonpeople’buyingpowerDmanifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabitsATideBCrestCColgateDUnilver34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____AperfectedartofproductsBautomaticbehaviorcreationCcommercialpromotionsDscientificexperiments35.theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabitsis____AindifferentBnegativeCpositiveDbiasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues;includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace;religion;sex;ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy;citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves;ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986;juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates;forexample;jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence;education;andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia;thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898;itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome;anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968;theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct;usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana;theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem;welearnthat______AbothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuriesBdefendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeersCnoagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryserviceDjudgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____AtheinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlawsBtheprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainracesCtheconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s;womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____AtheywereautomaticallybannedbystatelawsBtheyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualificationsCtheyweresupposedtoperformdomesticdutiesDtheytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___AsexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolishedBeducationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurorsCjurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunityDstatesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem;thetextcenterson_______AitsnatureandproblemsBitscharacteristicsandtraditionCitsproblemsandtheirsolutionsDitstraditionanddevelopmentPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsCopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuelBOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft;the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity;ledbyIlanKroo;hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse;anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.Theanswer;saysDrKroo;lieswithbirds.Since1914;andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger;scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shape;echelonorotherwise—expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips;aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag;andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman;anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia;hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.Whenappliedtoaircraft;theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodelledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles;SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah;assumeaninvertedV-formation;occasionallyswapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions;andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuelwithaconcomitantreductionincarbon-dioxideoutput.Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.Thereare;ofcourse;kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety;oratleasttheperceptionofit.WouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoyDrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles;andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter;althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviation.Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.Itremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence;theplanes’wakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft;incontrast;mightbeeasiertoreschedule;asmightroutinemilitaryflights.Asithappens;America’sarmedforcesareonthecasealready.Earlierthisyearthecountry’sDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight;thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.Therearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar;butDrLissamansaystheyareapocryphal.“MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin;”headds.Soheshouldknow.41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplanes.44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWarII;America’sarmedforcesoncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.15points“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays;buttoTedNing;theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand;desperateforajob;signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion;”saysNing;whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated;predictably;intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable;IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid;‘Justwait;you’lltrunthecorner;giveitsometime.’”SectionⅣWritingPartADirections:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleaguetoExpressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwriteyouraddress.10pointsPartB48.Directions:Inthissection;youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting;youshould1InterpretthechartandGiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.15points2010年考研英语二答案SectionIUSEof English1D2C3B4A5A6B7D8C9B10A11C12D13D14A15C16B17D18C19A20BSectionIIReadingComprehension21D选D;因为第一段段尾句Astheauctioneercalledoutbids;inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet;LehmanBrothers;filedforbankruptcy.即雷曼兄弟公司破产..22A选A