江苏省镇江市2021-2022学年高二上学期五校联考第一次质量检测英语试题

江苏省镇江市2021-2022学年高二上学期五校联考第一次质量检测英语试学校班级姓名学号一、短对话Whatdoesthemanofferthewoman?A．Acard.B．Coins.C．Anote.Howdoesthemanprefertotravel?A．Onfoot.B．Bysubway.C．Bybus.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouthertimeabroad?A．Sheisreadyforittoend.B．Sheisproudoftheaccomplishment.C．Shecan'twaitforanothersimilaropportunity.Wherearethespeakers?A．Inalivingroom.B．Inaclassroom.C．Inagarage.Whywon'tthewomangoskiingrecently?A．Shehurtherarm.B．Shewantstorestherinjury.C．Sheneedstopracticeplayingbaseball.二、长对话听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】Whatmeatisthewomaneatingnow?A．Beef.B．Chicken.C．Fish.【小题2】Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Loseweight.B．Trydifferentfoods.C．Runinacompetition.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemedicine?A．Itcantreatillness.B．Itisuseless.C．Itneedstesting.【小题2】Whodoesthemansayismostresponsiblefortheproblem?A．Thehunters.B．Thegovernment.C．Thecustomers.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】Howoldistheman?A．55yearsold.B．60yearsold.C．65yearsold.【小题2】Whichmonthisitnow?A．March.B．April.C．December.【小题3】Whatisthemandoing?A．Movingtoanewplace.C．Fillingoutaform.B．Planningabirthdayparty.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【小题1】Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues.B．Tourguideandtourist.C．Teacherandstudent.【小题2】Whatmistakedidthewomanmake?A．Shegottheman'snamesinthewrongorder.B．Shedidn'tknowtheman'sname.C．Shedidn'ttellthemanhername.小题3】Wheredoesthemanlivenow?C．Inthewoman'shouse.A．Inahotel.B．Inhisapartment.【小题4】Whatimpressedthemaninthepark?A．Hugestatues.B．Thebeautifulscenery.C．Peopledancinginpublic.三、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【小题1】WhatisVenicemostfamousfor?A．Itshistory.B．Itseconomy.C．Itsscenery.【小题2】Whatwasthehighestfloodwaterlevelinmorethan50years?A．80centimeters.B．154centimeters.C．187centimeters.【小题3】HowmanytouristsgotoVeniceeveryyear?A．About50thousand.B．About20million.C．About80million.【小题4】Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Adisaster.B．Anaccident.C．Amistake.四、阅读选择Sixannoying“facts”peoplehavetofinallystopbelievinginWaltDisneydidnotcreateMickeyMouse.HisclosefriendandcollaboratorUbIwerksdid,thoughhewas“deniedcredit”forcreatingthismajorpieceofpopculturehistory.Iwerkscameupwiththecharacterin1928.AlbertEinsteinneverflunkedamathclassasachild.WhentheadultEinsteinwasshownanewspaperarticleclaiminghehad,hereplied,“BeforeIwas15,Ihadmastereddifferentialandintegralcalculus（微积分）.”WhileEinsteinachievedhighgradesthroughouthischildhoodeducation,he“hatedthestrictprotocolsfollowedbyteachersandrotelearningdemandedofstudents”attheschoolsheattended.NapoleonBonapartewasnotshort.Despitethefactthathisnamehasbecomesynonymouswith“angryshortman,”NapoleonBonapartewasactuallyofaverageheightforthetimeperiodinwhichhelived.Hiscontemporariesdescribedhimasbeing5'2",buttheFrenchmeasuredheightdifferentlybackintheday,sohewasactuallyaround5'5".Thatmadehimjust“aninchorsobelowtheperiod'saverageadultmaleheight.”IsaacNewtondidn'tdiscovergravitybecauseanapplestruckhimonthehead.Rather,hewitnessedanapplefallingandwonderedwhyobjectsalwaysfalldowninsteadofuporsideways,athoughtthatinspiredhisLawofUniversalGravitation.Batsarenotblind.No,batsarenotblind.Batshavesmalleyeswithverysensitivevision,whichhelpsthemseeinconditionswemightconsiderpitchblack.Theydon'thavethesharpandcolorfulvisionhumanshave,buttheydon'tneedthat.Blackholes.Notreally“holes,”butratherhugelydenseobjectswithmassivegravitationalpull.【小题1】Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Unabletoachievehighgradesatschool,Einsteinhatedtherigidrules.B．Batshavesmalleyesbutwiththesamesharpandcolorfulvisionashumans.C．Newtondiscoveredgravityoutofcuriositybutbyaccident.D．Blackholesarehugeobjectswithmassivegravitationalpush.【小题2】Thetextiswrittenhereinorderto.A．presentsomecommonbeliefsB．clarifysomepopularmythsC．relatesomeinterestingstoriesD．listsomehistoricalfacts【小题3】Whichsectionofamagazinemaythistextbefoundin?A．Entertainment.B．History.C．Education.D．Popularscience.Weallknowthatahealthylifemeansgettingbothplentyofexerciseandenoughgood-qualitysleep,butrealityoftengetsintheway.Thenewresearchindicatesthatdoingenoughexercisecouldmakeupforsomeoftheunhealthyimpactsofbadsleep.Whilethehealthbenefitsofexerciseandsleeparenothingnew,it'stherelationshipbetweenthemthatisinterestinginthisparticularstudy—itcouldevengivedoctorsanotheroptiontosuggestforpatientsdealingwithsleepproblems.“Wefoundthosewhohadboththepoorestsleepqualityandwhoexercisedtheleastweremostatriskofdeathfromheartdisease,stroke,andcancer,”saysepidemiologistBo-HueiHuang,fromtheUniversityofSydneyinAustralia.Participantsweregroupedintothreelevelsofphysicalactivity(high,mediumorlow)andwerealsogivenasleepqualityscorefrom0-5basedontheamountofshut-eyetheygot,howlatetheystayedup,insomnia,snoringanddaytimesleepiness.Thosewiththehighestriskofdyingfromcancerorheartdiseaseduringthestudyperiodwerethosewiththeworstqualitysleepandwhodidn'tmeettheWHOrecommendedguidelinesforexercise.Thatriskwentdownforpeoplewithpoorqualitysleepbutwhodidmeettheexerciseguidelines.Inthecaseofallformsofcancer,forexample,thoseattheunhealthiestendofthesleepandexercisescalehada45percenthigherriskofdyingfromcancerthanthosewithgoodsleepscoreswhokeptphysicallyactive.However,thatriskjustaboutdisappearedforthosewhodidn'tscorewellonsleepbutdidscorewellonphysicalactivity.Fornowit'snotclearwhymoreexercisemightmakeupforpoorsleep,asfarasourhealthgoes.Itcouldbethattheincreasedactivityiscounteractinginflammation（炎症），orreducingirregularitiesinglucosemetabolism,suggesttheresearchers.“Consideringthatphysicalactivityisperhapsmoremodifiablethansleep，ourstudyofferspeoplemorehealthincentivestobephysicallyactive.”sayspopulationhealthresearcherEmmanuelStamatakis，fromtheUniversityofSydney.【小题1】Thisresearchisofparticularinterestinthat.A．it'sinthisstudythatexerciseisknowntobebeneficialtosleep.B．thisstudyofferspeoplemorehealthtreatmentstobephysicalactive.C．itcouldenabledoctorstocurepatientsoftheirsleepingcondition.D．therelationshipbetweenexerciseandsleepisupdatedinthisstudy.【小题2】Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Thosewhohadthepoorestsleepqualityweremostatriskofdeathfromheartdisease.B．Thosescoringlowestonsleepandexercisescaleweremorelikelytodiefromcancer.C．There'snoriskofcancerforthosewhodidn'tsleepwellbutdidscorewellonphysicalactivity.D．It'sevidentthatintermsofhealthmoreexercisecouldmakeupforpoorsleep.【小题3】WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6mean?A．interactingB．increasingC．preventingD．causing【小题4】Wherecanthispassagemostprobablybetakenfrom?A．AresearchfindingsreportB．AmedicalexaminationreportC．ApoorsleepstudyreportD．AphysicalactivitystudyreportAgrowingbodyofresearchisrevealingassociationsbetweenbirthdefects（缺陷）andafather'sage,alcoholuseandenvironmentalfactors,sayresearchersatGeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter.Theysaythesedefectsresultfromepigeneticchangesthatcanpotentiallyaffectmultiplegenerations.Thestudy,publishedintheAmericanJournalofStemC,elslusggestbothparentscontributetothehealthstatusoftheiroffspring—acommonsenseconclusionwhichscienceisonlynowbeginningtodemonstrate,saysthestudy'sseniorinvestigator,JoannaKitlinska,PhD,anassociateprofessorinbiochemistry,andmolecularandcellularbiology.“Weknowthenutritional,hormonalandpsychologicalenvironmentprovidedbythemotherpermanentlyinfluencesorganstructure,cellularresponseandgeneexpressioninheroffspring,”shesays.“Butourstudyshowsthesamethingtobetruewithfathers—hislifestyle,andhowoldheis,canbereflectedinmoleculesthatcontrolgenefunction,”shesays.“Inthisway,afathercanaffectnotonlyhisimmediateoffspring,butfuturegenerationsaswell.”Forexample,anewborncanbediagnosedwithfetal（胎儿的）alcoholspectrumdisorder（FASD）,eventhoughthemotherhasneverconsumedalcohol,Kitlinskasays.“Upto75percentofchildrenwithFASDhavebiologicalfatherswhoarealcoholics,suggestingthatpreconceptualpaternalalcoholconsumptionnegativelyimpactstheiroffspring.”Advancedageofafatheriscorrelatedwithelevatedratesofcertaindiseases,andbirthdefectsinhischildren.Alimiteddietduringafather'spreadolescencehasbeenlinkedtoreducedriskofcardiovasculardeathinhischildrenandgrandchildren.Paternalobesityislinkedtoenlargedfatcells,changesinmetabolicregulation,diabetes,obesityanddevelopmentofbraincancer.Psychosocialstressonthefatherislinkedtodefectivebehavioraltraitsinhisoffspring.Andpaternalalcoholuseleadstodecreasednewbornbirthweight,markedreductioninoverallbrainsizeandimpairedcognitivefunction.“Thisnewfieldofinheritedpaternalepigeneticsneedstobeorganizedintoclinicallyapplicablerecommendationsandlifestylealternations,”Kitlinskasays.“Andtoreallyunderstandtheepigeneticinfluencesofachild,weneedtostudytheinterplaybetweenmaternalandpaternaleffects,asopposedtoconsideringeachinisolation.”【小题1】What'sthemessagethewriterconveysinthepassage?A．Bothparentscontributetothehealthstatusoftheiroffspring.B．Father'sageandlifestylearetiedtobirthdefects.C．Fatherplaysamorecriticalroleinbirthdefects.D．Birthdefectscanpotentiallyaffectmultiplegenerations.【小题2】WhatcanweinferfromtheexampleinParagraph5?A．FASDcanonlybediagnosedinanewbornwhosefatherisaddictedtoalcohol.B．AnewbornwillnotcontractFASDifhismotherhasneverconsumedalcohol.C．Afather'slifestylecannegativelyimpacthisoffspring.D．Mostchildrenhavebiologicalfatherswhoarealcoholics.【小题3】Whichofthefollowingsituationsislesslikelytoleadtochildren'sbirthdefects?A．HavingafatherwithaB．Havingafatherwhoisanlimiteddiet.alcoholic.D．HavingafatherwithpsychosocialC．Havinganoverweightfather.stress.【小题4】Whatwilltheresearchprobablycontinuetofocusoninthepartthatfollows?A．Thematernalepigeneticinfluencesofachild.B．Thewaystoavoidnegativepaternalinfluenceonchildren.C．Theclinicalapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D．Theinteractionbetweenmaternalandpaternaleffects.IvyLeagueschoolsareconsideredtobethemostprestigiousofallcollegesintheUnitedStates.TheseschoolsareprimarilylocatedintheNortheasternpartofthecountry.ThereareeighttotalcollegesthatareconsideredtobeIvyLeague.TheseschoolsareBrown,Harvard,Cornell,Princeton,Dartmouth,Yale,andColumbiauniversitiesandtheUniversityofPennsylvania.Ofallinstitutionsofhigherlearning,theseeliteschoolsareconsideredtobethemostoutstandingandthemostsought-afterintermsofacceptanceandgraduation.Theterm“IvyLeague”cameaboutin1954whentheNCAAathleticconferenceforDivisionIwasformed.Atthetime,theelitismoftheseschoolswasreallyduetotheirprestigeintherealmofsportslikebasketball.Althoughtheterm“IvyLeague”wasnotcreateduntilthe1950s,manyoftheseschoolswereinexistenceasfarbackas1636,whenJohnHarvardbecamethefirstbenefactorofHarvardUniversity.Althoughthisgroupofeliteschoolsisconsideredtobepartofonebigleagueoftheelite,therehavebeenplentyofinternalrivalriesovertheyears.ThesportsthatthesecollegesplayweresopopularthatsometeamsbeganplayinggamesinNewYorkCitysospectatorscouldcomefromfarawayandwatchthegames.Thepopularityofboththeathleteswhoplayedandthecollegeteamrivalriesbroughtinagooddealofattentiontotheschoolsaswellasrevenuefromticketsales.Therehavealsobeenacademicrivalriesbetweenschools.Mostly,theserivalriesareamatterofopinionintermsofwhichschoolhasthemosthonorgraduates,whichschoolsofferthemostprestigiousscholarships,andwhatfamousgraduateshavecomefromeachschool.EachIvyLeaguecollegehasitsownuniqueaccomplishmentsthatmakeitimportant.Allcarryacertainreputationwiththem,andeachschoolhasprogramsthatexcelprimarilyinthemedicalandlawfields,makingthemsomeofthemostsought-afterschoolsintheworld.Theiradmissionprocessisveryselective,whichhelpstheschoolsensurethattheyonlyacceptthebestandbrightest.ManyfamouspeoplehavegraduatedfromIvyLeagueschools,includingrecentpresidentsGeorgeW.Bush,BillClinton,andBarackObama.Thisprestigeleadsmanytobelievethatthesecollegesareonlyforthewealthyandelite.Often,companieslookforIvyLeaguegraduatesaspotentialemployees,usuallypreferredbylawfirms,medicalfacilities,andlargecorporations.IthaslongbeencovetedtohaveearnedadegreefromanIvyLeagueschool.Today,theIvyLeagueschoolsarestillexcellentinbothacademiaandinsports,andtheyhaveleftalegacyofhighereducationwithanexceptionaltrackrecordandreputationtogoalongwiththem.【小题1】Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．IvyLeagueschoolswereinitiallyfamousfortheirreputationinsports.B．IvyLeagueschoolsdidn'tcomeintoexistenceuntilthe1950s.C．IvyLeagueschoolsdonotcompetewitheachotherwithintheleague.D．IvyLeagueschoolsaremostpopularfortheirexcellenceinthemedicalandlawfields.【小题2】WhichofthefollowingaspectsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A．ThehistoryoftheIvyLeagueB．TherivalryoftheIvyLeagueC．TheaccomplishmentsandculturalimpactsoftheIvyLeagueD．ThefuturedevelopmentoftheIvyLeague【小题3】WhydomanypeoplebelievethatIvyLeaguecollegesareonlyforthewealthyandelite?A．Becausetheyarethemostsought-afterschoolsintheworld.B．Becausetheyhaveselectiveadmissionprocesstohelpensurethequalityoftheirstudents.C．BecausemanyfamouspeoplehavegraduatedfromIvyLeagueschools.D．BecausemanycompanieslookforIvyLeaguegraduatesaspotentialemployees.【小题4】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coveted”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．advocatedB．desiredC．restrictedD．sponsored五、七选五MindlessEating:Youmayalsobeamindlesseater!Everyoneofushasmomentsofmindlesseating.Forexample,youmayunintentionallymunchthroughawholebagofchipswhilewatchingTV.【小题1】Peopletendtoreachoutforfoodasaneasilyavailablewhentheyareupset,boredorstressful.However,whenweconsumevarioussnacksmechanically,weendupfeelingmoreunhappyandevenguilty.Mindfuleating:enjoyyourfood!【小题2】Itmeanspayingattentiontothepresentmomentwithcuriosity,opennessaswellaskindness.Itmeansbeingpresentwithyourfoodandeatingprocesswithallyourconsciousnessandawareness.Beforeeating,youshouldassesswhetheryouarehungryornot.Askyourselfhonestly:AmItrulyphysicallyhungryordoIjustwanttousefoodasawaytoescapetheunwantedfeelingshiddeninthedepthofmyheart?Ifitisso,whatarethey?Boredom,depression,stressorfear?【小题3】Youshouldeatonlywhenyouarehungry.Duringtheeatingprocess,youshouldeatslowlywithoutdistractionsofanykind.Don'twatchTVorbegluedtoyourcellphonescreens.【小题4】Chewandsavoreachandeverybiteandfullyappreciatethismoment.Itisalsoveryimportantthatyoushouldneverlosetrackofyourfeelings:feelthedecreaseinhungerandincreaseinfullnessofyourstomach.Abouthalfwaythroughthemeal,youneedtocheckinwithyourselfandaskthequestion:AmIsatisfied?DoIneedtokeepeating?Stopwhenyouaresatisfiedandnolongerhungry.【小题5】Startpracticemindfuleatingnowandyouwillbenefitalotfromit!A．Alwaysrememberthosenegativeemotionswillnevergethandledbysimplyeatingfood.B．Instead,youshoulddirectallyourattentiontothefoodinfrontofyou.C．Thisconsciouscheck-inandhonestself-inquiryhaveprovedtobeeffectiveinpreventingovereating.D．Mindfulnessisexactlytheoppositeofmindlessness.E．Youshouldoftenkeepinmindyoumustfeelyourlevelofhunger.F．However,youshouldchoosethosehealthierstuffthatcanenergizeyourbody.G．Moreoftenthannot,weeatnotbecauseofhungerbutforcomfort.六、完形填空ChadisanEnglishLopRabbitwhobelievesheisadog.Heeatsfromdogbowls,sleepsinthedog'sbed,andusaroundlikeadog.,hisbestfriendisourdog,Jeannie.Funnilyenough,JeannielovestorunafterwildrabbitsbutsheneverChad.Whenweletthemoutintheyardtogether,theyeachdotheirownthingatfirst.But,Jeanniewillcomebacktofindaspotintheshade,andChadwilllienexttoher.Onone,ChadandJeannie'sfriendshiphadconsequences.Chadwasjumpingaroundthegrassinthebackyardoneafternoonmyparentsvisitedwiththeirdog,Bradley.SinceChad'sbestfriendisadog,hehadnoofhoppingovertopoundBradleytosayhello.ButBradleybygrabbinghimbythefaceandshakinghim.JeannieranacrosstheyardandchasedBradleyaway,butbythetimewegottoChad,hewaslyingonthegrasswithbloodpouringfromhismouth.Weourbelovedrabbittothevet.Chadhadabrokenjawandalowchanceof.Wegaveantibiotics（抗生素）tohimforweeks,hewouldbecompletelywell.Jeanniewashiswatchfultheentiretime.She'dstandnexttousandwaghertailwhilewesatdownwithChadtofeedhim.Hedideventuallyfully,withJeanniebyhisside.Shewasalwaysandsogentle.【小题1】A．barksB．【小题2】A．GraduallyB．【小题3】A．chasesB．【小题4】A．fortunately【小题5】A．situation【小题6】A．time-killing【小题7】A．while【小题8】A．desirefollowsC．leadsD．watchesOccasionallycrashesC．B．frequentlyB．caseB．life-savingB．asB．ambitionC．NaturallychallengesC．definitelyC．occasionC．peace-lovingC．untilC．fearD．D．OriginallyD．confirmsD．eventuallyD．processD．breath-takingD．whenaffection小题9】A．respondedB．remarkedC．rescuedD．recommended【小题10】A．dashedB．rushedC．ranD．devoted【小题11】A．injuryB．survivalC．deathD．stretch【小题12】A．predictingB．doubtingC．claimingD．hoping【小题13】A．companionB．colleagueC．conductorD．comforter【小题14】A．regretB．reflectC．recoverD．represent【小题15】A．preciousB．protectiveC．professionalD．practical七、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。OneaspectoftheCOVID-19pandemicthat【小题1】（keep）usguessingsincetheearlydaysiswhysomepeoplewhogetthevirusdon'tsuffermuchandothersbecomedesperatelyill.Allthemore,whiletheelderly,some—evencentenarians—survive,whereascountlessyoungerpeople,【小题2】immunesystemsaresupposedtobestronger,havebeenseriously【小题3】（affect）.Sowhatfactorsgivesomepeople【小题4】strongerimmunesystemthanothers,regardless【小题5】age?Ourimmunesystemsslowlydeclineasweage.Thinkofaphotoofyourselffromtenyearsagoversusone【小题6】（take）thisafternoon.“Youseechangesinyourface,skin,andhaircolor,”saysInsooKang,MD,directorofallergyandimmunologyattheYaleSchoolofMedicine.“Ittakestime.Sameprocesswithyourimmunesystem.”Thedifferenceintherateofdeclinebetweenindividualsisoneofscience'sbig【小题7】（mystery）.Theimmunesystemiscomplex,butmostofusunderstandthebasics.【小题8】（fortune）,wewon'talwaysbeinapandemic.Butwecanusethisonetogainan【小题9】（understand）ofhowtheimmunesystemchangeswithageandhowwemightslowthedeclineand【小题10】(strong)ourimmunesysteminthefuture.八、开放性作文请以TokyoOlympicsandme为题写一篇短文，内容包括：1.你观看过的比赛；2.你最喜爱的运动员或者运动队；3.你的感受注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式写字答题卡的相应位置作答。TokyoOlympicsandMe九、读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。WhenIfirstgotthebird,itmusthaveonlyjustbeenhatched.Itsmotherhaddisappeared,leavingitaloneandshiveringinthefaceofthenorthwind.Idecidedtotakeitstraightbackandbuilditanewhome.Atthattime,wegrewagreatmanyflowersinourhouse.Nexttoonehangingorchid(兰花)Ihunganotheremptyflowerpotanditwasinthispotthatthebirdwastohaveitsnewhome.WhenDadgothome,heimmediatelydiscoveredthenewadditiontoourfamily.Withoutsayingaword,heturnedaroundandleftthehouse.Aftersometime,hereturnedandIsawthathehadahandfulofgrassandpineneedles.Obviously,DadthoughtthenestIhadmadewasfartooroughandsohehaddecidedtodecorateithimself.“Abirdbornatthistimeofyearwon'tsurvivethewinter.”Inspiteofthispredictiononthebird'sfuture,Dadverycarefullyfashionedthenesthimself.SoonIfound“NuoNuo”(Dadhadnamedhim)hadstartedtogrowfeathers.Theylookedlikesuchfinelittlehairsthatyoucouldonlynoticethemifyoulookedreallyclosely.IonlydiscoveredthembecauseeverydayIwouldcuphiminmyhandsandlookathim.Dadprobablyrealizedthathehadbeenalittlecruelinhisprediction.Yousee,hehadalreadystartedtrainingNuoNuotowalk.Asyouknow,NuoNuolivedinaflowerpot,notacageoranything.Whenhehadnothingelsetodo,hewalkedaroundhislittlehome.Thereweretimeswhenhewasabitnaughtytooandhejumpeddownontoourdiningtable.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ItwasobviousthatNuoNuodidn'trealizehewasabird.Theflyinglessonswentonregardless.