法律英语试题

WTDstandardizationoffice【WTD5AB-WTDK08-WTD2C】法律英语试题广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院“法律英语”2005-2006学年下学期期末考试试卷（A）考核对象：法律英语系（2004级）考试时间：2小时班级：学号：姓名：分数：PartⅠMatchthewordsandphrasesinColumnAwiththecorrespondingdefinitionsorrelevantinformationinColumnB.(10%)ABa.assumpsit1.theadditionoflabortothechattelofanother,withoutthelatter’sconsent,whichsochangesthechattelthatthetitletoitistransferredtothelaborerb.chattel2.awritformahighercourttoaloweronerequestingatranscriptoftheproceedingsofacaseforreviewc.amicuscuriae3.alegalactiontoenforceorrecoverdamagesforbreachofasimplecontractd.verdict4.acourtorderprohibitingapartyfromaspecificcourseofactione.accession5.anarticleofpersonal,movablepropertyf.injunction6.tofileanindictmentwiththecourtbeforeanaccusedstandstrialg.acquittal7.friendofthecourth.grandjury8.thedeliberate,willfulgivingoffalse,misleading,orincompletetestimonyunderoathi.certiorari9.thefinaldecisionofajuryconcerningamatteroffactsubmittedtoitbythecourtfordeterminationj.unilateralcontract10.oneparty’smajorevidenceandargumentsk.tort11.thestateofbeingfoundorprovednotguiltyl.malainse12.theunlawfulappropriationofanother’spropertym.case-in-chief13.acivilwrongotherthanabreachofcontractorabreachoftrustn.perjury14.apromiseisexchangedforanactofperformanceo.conversion15.actionsthatareintrinsicallyimmoralp.petitjurywrittenstatementchargingapartywiththecommissionofacrimeorotheroffense,drawnupbyaprosecutingattorneyandfoundandpresentedbyagrandjury.q.trustsystemwherebythedefensecanchallengeupto3jurorswithoutgivinganyreasons.challengeoftwelvecitizensdulyqualifiedtoserveonjuries,impaneledandsworntotryoneormoreissuesoffactssubmittedtothemandtogiveajudgmentrespectingthesame,whichiscalledaverdict.s.hungjuryconfidencereposedinatrusteewhengivingthetrusteelegaltitletopropertytoadministerforanother,togetherwiththetrustee'sobligationregardingthatpropertyandthebeneficiaryt.indictmentjurywhichisunabletoreachaverdictPartIITranslatethefollowingsentencesandparagraphs.(30%)(5%)Theterm"Information"doesnotincludeanyinformationwhichatthetimeofdisclosureorthereafteris(i)generallyavailabletoorknownbythepublic(otherthanasaresultofitsdisclosurebyACompanyoritsRepresentatives),(ii)availabletoACompanyonanon-confidentialbasisfromasourceotherthantheCompanyoritsadvisors,or(iii)independentlyacquiredordevelopedbyACompanywithoutviolatinganyofitsobligationsunderthisAgreement.(5%)“Tort”isanelusiveconcept.Ithasdefiedanumberofattemptstoformulateausefuldefinition.Thedilemmaisthatanydefinitionwhichissufficientlycomprehensivetoencompassalltortsissogeneralastobealmostmeaningless.Theonecommonelementofalltortsisthatsomeonehassustainedalossorharmastheresultofsomeactorfailuretoactbyanother.Virtuallyalloftheinfinitelydiverseformsofhumanactivity—drivingavehicle,engaginginbusiness,speaking,writing,owningandusingrealorpersonalproperty—maybeasourceofharmandthereforeoftortliability.Thisdiversityofconductresistsbroadgeneralizations,andsodoesthetortliabilityonwhichitisbased.3.(5%)ThisAgreementisdrawnupinEnglishandtranslatedintoChinese.EachPartyacknowledgesthatnotwithstandingtheChinesetranslationofthisAgreementwhichisalsosignedbytheParties,intheeventthereisaconflict,inconsistencyordiscrepancybetweentheChineseandEnglishtext,thelattershallprevail.4.(3%)一名成功的出庭律师能够迅速地在行业中脱颖而出，并经司法大臣任命成为皇家律师。5.(4%)本协议应受纽约州法律管辖，幷按照纽约州法律进行解释。A公司在本协议项下的义务应于本协议签署之日起的两年后解除。6.(4%)如对以上判决不服，可在收到本判决书后次日至第10日期间直接或通过本庭上诉至最高人民法院。书面上诉的，上诉人必须提供上诉书原件一份，复印件二份。7.(4%)这是一起原告提起的、对撤销其对被告的盗窃控告的判决的上诉案。受理后，本庭依法组成了合议庭，公开审判本案，现审理完毕。PartIIIInstructions:Inthispartofthetest,thereare15questions,allofwhicharechosenfromthetextswehavecoveredinthissemester.YouarerequiredtochooseONLY10outofthese15questions.WriteyourbriefanswersontheANSWERSHEET.(30%)Unit9QuestionsaboutTextITheLegalProfessioninEnglandHowdoesabarrister’sjobdifferfromasolicitor’s?QuestionsaboutTextIITheBarintheUnitedStatesWhatarethemajorworktasksperformedbylawyersintheU.S.?Unit10QuestionsaboutTextIEnglishJudgesFillinthefollowingtableconcerningthejudicialofficesinEngland.titlepresidingoverresponsibilityabbreviationLordChancellorLordChiefJusticeMasteroftheRollsAttorney-GeneralDirectorofPublicProsecutionsQuestionsaboutTextIIJuryWhatistheprocessofthejuryselection?Unit11QuestionsaboutTextICrimeandPunishmentWhatisthedifferencebetweenmalainseandmalaprohibita?Unit12QuestionsaboutTextITheAdversarySystemWhatdutydoesthelawyerhaveaccordingtoethicalrequirementsofthelegalprofession?QuestionsaboutTextIITheAdversarySystemandtheInquisitorialSystemWhatarethemaindifferencesbetweentheadversarysystemandtheinvestigativesystem?Pleaselistatleastthreeofthem.Unit13QuestionsaboutTextIGovernmentRegulationofBusinessWhatisthedifferencebetweeninterstatecommerceandintrastatecommerce?QuestionsaboutTextIIMeansofDisputeSettlementHowmanytypesofADR(alternativedisputeresolution)arementionedinthetext?Pleaselistatleastfiveofthem.Unit14QuestionsaboutTextITheLawofTortWhatarethedifferencesbetweenatortandabreachofcontract?QuestionsaboutTextIITheNatureofIntellectualPropertyWhatistherelationbetweenrightsanddutiescreatedbyintellectualproperty?Unit15QuestionsaboutTextITheContractWhatdoterminationclauses(remedyclauses,arbitrationclauses,etc.)tendtobeconcernedwith?Unit16QuestionsaboutTextILawReform:TheCaseofBritainWhatarethemechanismsoflegalreforminBritain?Whyisadisinterestedcommissionabettersourcefortheproposaloflegalreformthantheunifiedreformsofthejudiciaryandthepartialreformsadvocatedbyinterestedparties?QuestionsaboutTextIILaw,theIndividualsandtheSocietyWhyisanentrenchedBillofRightsurgentlyneededaccordingtoLordScarman?PartIV.Casereading.(30%)Readthefollowingtwocasesandanswerthequestions.CaseI.CENTRALLONDONPROPERTYTRUSTLIMITEDv.HIGHTREESHOUSELIMITED.[1947]KB130;[1956]1AllER256(Note);62TLR557;[1947]LJR77;175LT333Facts：ByaleaseundersealdatedSeptember24,1937,theplaintiffcompanylettothedefendantcompany(asubsidiaryoftheplaintiffs)ablockofflatsforatermofninety-nineyearsfromSeptember29,1937,atagroundrentof￡2,500/ayear.Intheearlypartof1940,owingtowarconditionsthenprevailing,onlyafewoftheflatsintheblockwerelettotenantsanditbecameapparentthatthedefendantswouldbeunabletopaytherentreservedbytheleaseoutoftherentsoftheflats.Discussionstookplacebetweenthedirectorsofthetwocompanies,whichwerecloselyconnected,and,asaresult,onJanuary3,1940,aletterwaswrittenbytheplaintiffstothedefendantsconfirmingthatthegroundrentofthepremiseswouldbereducedfrom￡2,500/ayearto￡1,250layearasfromthebeginningoftheterm.Thedefendantsthereafterpaidthereducedrent.Bythebeginningof1945alltheflatswereletbutthedefendantscontinuedtopayonlythereducedrent.InSeptember,1945,theplaintiffswrotetothedefendantsclaimingthatrentwaspayableattherateof￡2,500/ayearand,subsequently,inordertodeterminethelegalposition,theyinitiatedfriendlyproceedingsinwhichtheyclaimedthedifferencebetweenrentattheratesof￡2,500layearand￡1,250/ayearforthequartersendingSeptember29andDecember25,1945.Bytheirdefensethedefendantspleaded(1)thattheletterofJanuary3,1940,constitutedanagreementthattherentreservedshouldbe￡1,250layearonly,andthatsuchagreementrelatedtothewholetermofthelease,(2)theypleadedinthealternativethattheplaintiffcompanywereestoppedfromallegingthattherentexceeded￡1,250perannumand(3)asafurtheralternative,thatbyfailingtodemandrentinexcessof￡1,250layearbeforetheirletterofSeptember21,1945(receivedbythedefendantsonSeptember24),theyhadwaivedtheirrightsinrespectofanyrent,inexcessofthatattherateof￡1,250layear,whichhadaccrueduptoSeptember24,1945.Judgment(LordDenning):Iamsatisfiedonalltheevidencethatthepromiseherewasthatthegroundrentshouldbereducedto￡1,250layearasatemporaryexpedientwhiletheblockofflatswasnotfully,orsubstantiallyfullylet,owingtotheconditionsprevailing.Thatmeansthatthereductionintherentappliedthroughouttheyearsdowntotheendof1944,butearlyin1945itisplainthattheflatswerefullylet,and,indeedtherentsreceivedfromthem,wereincreasedbeyondthefigureatwhichitwasoriginallycontemplatedthattheywouldbelet.Atalleventstherentfromthemmusthavebeenveryconsiderable.Ifindthattheconditionsprevailingatthetimewhenthereductioninrentwasmade,hadcompletelypassedawaybytheearlymonthsof1945.Iamsatisfiedthatthepromisewasunderstoodbyallpartiesonlytoapplyundertheconditionsprevailingatthetimewhenitwasmade,namely,whentheflatswereonlypartiallylet,andthatitdidnotextendanyfurtherthanthat.Whentheflatsbecamefullylet,earlyin1945,thereductionceasedtoapply.Inthosecircumstances,underthelawasIholdit,itseemstomethatrentispayableatthefullrateforthequartersendingSeptember29andDecember25,1945.Ifthecasehadbeenoneofestoppel,itmightbesaidthatinanyeventtheestoppelwouldceasewhentheconditionstowhichtherepresentationappliedcametoanend,oritalsomightbesaidthatitwouldonlycometoanendonnotice.Ineithercaseitisonlyawayofascertainingwhatisthescopeoftherepresentation.Iprefertoapplytheprinciplethatapromiseintendedtobebinding,intendedtobeactedonandinfactactedon,isbindingsofarasitstermsproperlyapply.Hereitwasbindingascoveringtheperioddowntotheearlypartof1945,andasfromthattimefullrentispayable.Ithereforegivejudgmentfortheplaintiffcompanyfortheamountclaimed.Questions:1.Whatarethepartiesinthisdisputefightingabout?2.Whatistheplaintiff’sclaim?3.What’sthedefendant’sdefense?4.Whatruledoesthecourtarticulateinordertosolvetheparties’dispute?5.Whatdoesitmeanby“estoppel”?Isestoppelestablishedbythiscourt?Whyorwhynot?6.WhatdoyouthinkaboutLordDenning’sdecision?Whatwouldyouhavedone?7.Fromwhatcasereportbooksisthiscasetaken?Onwhichpagesofthedifferentcasebookscanyoufindthiscase?CaseII.JONESv.FLOWERSet?al.certioraritothesupremecourtofArkansasArguedJanuary17,2006--DecidedApril26,?No.04-1477.2006Facts：PetitionerJonescontinuedtopaythemortgageonhisArkansashomeafterseparatingfromhiswifeandmovingelsewhereinthesamecity.Oncethemortgagewaspaidoff,thepropertytaxes--whichhadbeenpaidbythemortgagecompany--wentunpaid,andthepropertywascertifiedasdelinquent.RespondentCommissionerofStateLandsmailedJonesacertifiedletterattheproperty'saddress,statingthatunlessheredeemedtheproperty,itwouldbesubjecttopublicsaleintwoyears.Nobodywashometosignfortheletterandnobodyretrieveditfromthepostofficewithin15days,soitwasreturnedtotheCommissioner,marked"unclaimed."Twoyearslater,theCommissionerpublishedanoticeofpublicsaleinalocalnewspaper.Nobidsweresubmitted,sotheStatenegotiatedaprivatesaletorespondentFlowers.Beforesellingthehouse,theCommissionermailedanothercertifiedlettertoJones,whichwasalsoreturnedunclaimed.Flowerspurchasedthehouseandhadanunlawfuldetainernoticedeliveredtotheproperty.ItwasservedonJones'daughter,whonotifiedhimofthesale.Hefiledastate-courtsuitagainstrespondents,allegingthattheCommissioner'sfailuretoprovideadequatenoticeresultedinthetakingofhispropertywithoutdueprocess.Grantingrespondentssummaryjudgment,thetrialcourtconcludedthatArkansas'taxsalestatute,whichsetsoutthenoticeprocedureusedhere,compliedwithdueprocess.TheStateSupremeCourtaffirmed.Held:?????1.?Whenmailednoticeofataxsaleisreturnedunclaimed,aStatemusttakeadditionalreasonablestepstoattempttoprovidenoticetothepropertyownerbeforesellinghisproperty,ifitispracticabletodoso..??????????(a)?ThisCourthasdeemednoticeconstitutionallysufficientifitwasreasonablycalculatedtoreachtheintendedrecipientwhensent,buthasneveraddressedwhetherdueprocessrequiresfurthereffortswhenthegovernmentbecomesawarepriortothetakingthatitsnoticeattempthasfailed.MostCourtsofAppealsandStateSupremeCourtsaddressingthisquestionhavedecidedthatthegovernmentmustdomoreinsuchacase,andmanystatestatutesrequiremorethanmailednoticeinthefirstinstance.??????????(b)?ThemeansaStateemploystoprovidenotice"mustbesuchasonedesirousofactuallyinformingtheabsenteemightreasonablyadopttoaccomplishit."TheadequacyofaparticularformofnoticeisassessedbybalancingtheState'sinterestagainst"theindividualinterestsoughttobeprotectedbytheFourteenthAmendment."Here,theevaluationconcernstheadequacyofnoticepriortotheState'sextinguishingapropertyowner'sinterestinahome.Itisunlikelythatapersonwhoactuallydesiredtoinformanowneraboutanimpendingtaxsaleofahousewoulddonothingwhenacertifiedletteraddressedtotheownerisreturnedunclaimed.Thesenderwouldordinarilyattempttoresendtheletter,ifthatispractical,especiallygiventhatitconcernstheimportantandirreversibleprospectoflosingahouse.TheStatemayhavemadeareasonablecalculationofhowtoreachJones,butithadgoodreasontosuspectwhenthenoticewasreturnedthatJoneswasnobetteroffthanifnonoticehadbeensent.Thegovernmentmustconsideruniqueinformationaboutanintendedrecipientregardlessofwhetherastatutoryschemeisreasonablycalculatedtoprovidenoticeintheordinarycase.NoneoftheCommissioner'sadditionalcontentions--thatnoticewassenttoanaddressthatJonesprovidedandhadalegalobligationtokeepupdated,andthatJoneswasobligedtoensurethatthoseinwhosehandshelefthispropertywouldalerthimifitwasinjeopardy--relievestheStateofitsconstitutionalobligationtoprovideadequatenotice.?????2.?BecauseadditionalreasonablestepswereavailabletotheState,giventhecircumstanceshere,theCommissioner'sefforttoprovidenoticetoJoneswasinsufficienttosatisfydueprocess.Whatisreasonableinresponsetonewinformationdependsonwhatthatinformationreveals.TheCommissioner'scomplaintabouttheburdenofeventheseadditionalstepsisbeliedbyArkansas'requirementthatnoticetohomesteadownersbeaccomplishedbypersonalserviceifcertifiedmailisreturnedandbythefactthattheStatetransfersthecostofnoticetothetaxpayerortaxsalepurchaser.TheSolicitorGeneral'sadditionalarguments--thatpostednoticecouldberemovedbychildrenorvandals,andthatthefollow-uprequirementwillencourageStatestofavormodesofdeliverythatwillnotgenerateadditionalinformation--arerejected.ThisCourtwillnotprescribetheformofservicethatArkansasshouldadopt.Arkansascandeterminehowbesttoproceed,andtheStateshavetakenavarietyofapproaches.359Ark.443,___S.?W.3d___,reversedandremanded.Questions:1.Nameallthedisputingparties.2.What’sthedisputetoberesolvedbytheSupremeCourt?3.Giveabriefaccountoftheproceduralhistoryofthecase.4.Whatistheplaintiffcomplainingabout?5.Whatdefensedidthedefendant(s)use?6.WhatdecisiondoestheSupremeCourtmake?WhatwastheSupremeCourt’sreasoningforitsdecision?7.WhatdoyouthinkabouttheSupremeCourt’sdecision?