翻译课作业答案

翻译课作业答案翻译课作业答案PAGEPAGE2翻译课作业答案PAGE3Synthetic(E)vs.Analytic(C)综合语vs分析语Theytoldmethatbytheendoftheyeartheywouldhavebeenworkingtogetherforthirtyyears.Synthetic他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起工作就有三十年了。AnalyticDefinitionsforSynthetic&AnalyticLanguagesAsyntheticlanguageis“characterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships.EnglishAnanalyticlanguageis“characterizedbyarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordordertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms”.ChineseFeaturesofEnglishasaSyntheticLanguage综合语英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句子丰富多采的语言关系和逻辑关系。性(gender)、数（number)、格(case)、时(tense)、体(aspect)、语态(voice)、语气(mood)、比较级(degreeofcomparison)、人称(person)FeaturesofChineseasanAnalyticLanguage分析语汉语基本没有形态变化，主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。Translationtechniques英译汉时，一般用加词或变换说法的办法来表示。汉译英时，应把汉语的时态、语态、情态、语气等用英语的形态变化表达出来,并能尽可能地运用分词和派生名词使句子结构简洁地道。[例1]Oxfordismuchsmallerinnumber,forexample,thantheStateUniversityofMinnesota,andismuchpoorer.Ithas,orhadtillyesterday,fewerstudentsthantheUniversityofToronto.[例2]Duringthewartime,yearslikethesewouldhavemeantcertaindeathformanypeople.Manywouldhavebecomebeggarsandotherswouldhavebeencompelledtoselltheirchildren.[例3]Well-plannedandmanagedecotourismhasproventobeoneofthemosteffectivetoolsforlong-termconservationofbiodiversity.[例4]Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.[译文1]牛津大学在校学生少多了，比明尼苏达州立大学都要少，也穷多了。无论现在还是过去，牛津的在校学生都比多伦多大学少。[译文2]战争期间碰到这样的年景，很多人肯定会死去，很多人会逃荒要饭，很多人会被迫卖儿卖女。[译文3]精心规划、严格管理的生态旅游已被证明是长期保护生物多样性的最有效的方法之一。[译文4]群山开始向山谷投下一道道蓝灰色长影。[例5]李教授原打算在这干一辈子的，但还是由于种种原因去了深圳。[例6]听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。[例7]一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。[例8]杭州位于钱塘江北岸，是一座花园城市，素以风景优美著称。[译文5]ProfessorLihadplannedtoworkherefortherestofhislife,butnowhehasgonetoShenzhenforreasons.[译文6]Icouldhavelaughedtohearhimtalklikethis.[译文7]Verysoonhewassurroundedbyacrowdandsnowedunderwithquestions.[译文8]SituatedonthenorthbankoftheQiantangRiver,Hangzhouisagarden-likecityfamousforitssceniccharm.[1]Ididn’tgotothecinema,becauseI’dalreadyseenthefilm.[2]IhadneverthoughtI’dbehappytofindmyselfconsideredunimportant.ButthistimeIwas.[3]Ihadimaginedittobemerelyagestureofaffection,butitseemsitistosmellthelambandmakesurethatitisherown.[4]Therewererowsofhouseswhichhehadneverseenbefore.[5]Menandnationsworkingapartcreatedtheseproblems;menandnationsworkingtogethermustsolvethem.[译文1]我没去看电影，因为我以前看过这部片子。[译文2]在此之前我从未想到我发现人们认为我无足轻重时会感到很高兴，但这次我真的感到高兴。PAGE5[译文3]我原以为这不过是一种亲热的表示，但是现在看来这只是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来判定是不是自己生的。[译文4]这一排排房子都是他以前没见过的。[译文5]人与人之间、国与国之间离心离德，便产生这些问题，人与人之间、国与国之间齐心协力，定能解决这些问题。[6]受到这样的鼓励，他们为来年制订了一个更为大胆的计划。[7]据说此书已译成了多种语言。[8]我本来是一个谦虚谨慎、人见人爱的孩子，是牛津大学将我弄得这么人见人嫌。[9]大学毕业后我分配到一所学校任教，认识了后来成为我妻子的琳。但我并未引起她的注意，因为我实在太平常了。[译文6]Thusencouraged,theymadeastillbolderplanforthenextyear.[译文7]Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintolanguages.[译文8]Iwasamodest,popularboy;itisOxfordthathasmademeinsufferable.[译文9]Aftergraduationfromauniversity,Iwasassignedtoworkasateacherinahighschool,whereImetLin,wholaterbecamemywife.ButI’msoordinaryamanthatIneverattractedanyofherattentionthen.Compact（E）vs.Diffusive（C）聚集VS流散这姑娘长得漂亮，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。DiffusiveSheisaprettygirlwithanovalface,deepdarkeyesandlongheavyclingingtresses.CompactFeaturesofEnglishasaCompactLanguage句子主次分明，层次清楚，前呼后拥，严密，句式呈“聚集型”(compactness)。主要信息以“主、谓、宾（表）”的语法主干形式突出地表达出来;运用动词不定式、分词短语、从句、独立结构或其他语法手段来表现次要信息或用连词、介词来衔接。FeaturesofChineseasaDiffusiveLanguage汉语主谓结构具有很大的多样性、复杂性和灵活性，因而句式呈“流散型”（diffusiveness）。句与句之间缺少连接成分，信息往往从语法外形上主次不分，善用流水句，把主要信息和次要信息的区别暗含在短句的并列之中。TranslationTechniques英译汉时，可以不考虑英语句子信息的主次分明，少用介词、连词，译成流水句。汉译英有时则必须加上适当介词、连词，或采用其他句式把流水句变成主次分明的英语句子。[例1]Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitformsapart,thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputers.[例2]Thekaleidoscopeofshiftinginterestsofthenationsduringthenegotiationmadeitimpossibletosortoutthe“winners”and“losers”.[例3]RankedasoneofthemostimportantindustriesinBritain,themotorcomponentsindustryconsistsofover2,000companies.[例4]Hewasstruckbyherpowerfulprofile,herrichblackhairfallingfreelyontohershoulders,andtheintensityofherdarkeyes.[译文1]现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的手提微型计算机。[译文2]谈判期间，各国利益如万花筒般变化莫测，谁输谁赢，难以分辨。[译文3]汽车配件业是英国最重要的产业之一，共拥有2000多家公司。[译文4]她面容姣好，摄人心魄，秀发如云，飘逸于肩，黑眸如潭，深邃迷离。他不禁为之神颠魂倒。[例5]玛丽没有被邀请去参加宴会，心里很难受。[例6]他有个女儿，在北京工作，已经打电话去了，听说明天就能回来。[例7]他们这群人，又想吃人，又是鬼鬼祟祟，想法子遮掩，不敢直接下手，真要令我笑死。[例8]许多房子，盖着琉璃瓦，曲曲折折，无数的朱红栏杆。[译文5]Maryfeltsadnottohavebeeninvitedtothebanquet.[译文6]Hehasadaughter,whoworksinBeijing.Someonehasphonedheranditissaidthatshewillbebacktomorrow.PAGE6[译文7]Allthesepeoplewantingtoeathumanfleshandatthesametimestealthilytryingtokeepupappearances,notdaringtoactpromptly,reallymademenearlydieoflaughter.[译文8]Manyhouseswereroofedwithglazedtilesandsetwithinwindingredbalustrades.[1]周恩来的门打开了。他们看到一位个子较高但有些清瘦的人，双眼炯炯如炬，五官轮廓分明，称得上英俊。[2]阳光射入其能所及之地，赶走黑暗，驱散幽影。[3]国会已制定法律，要求大部分遭受群众舆论压力的集团呈报他们的花销、名目、款项总额及来源、成员人数、代表姓名及其薪金等情况。[4]塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是四处可得的取之不尽的天然资源；煤可通过自动化和机械化的方法开采，成本较低；石灰可由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石生成。[5]有个叫毛满珠的哑巴姑娘，翻过几重山来找王斌，痛苦地做着各种手势，要求得到帮助。[6]我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多。[7]湖中有十来枝荷花。荷花上清水滴滴，荷叶上水珠滚来滚去。[8]如今没奈何，把你雇在间壁人家放牛，每月可以得他几钱银子，你又有现成饭吃，只在明日就要去了。[译文1]WhenChouEn-lai’sdooropenedtheysawaslendermanofmorethanaverageheightwithgleamingeyesandafacesostrikingthatitborderedonthebeautiful.[译文2]Sunraysfilteredinwherevertheycould,drivingoutdarknessandchokingshadows.[译文3]Congresshasmadelawsrequiringmostpressuregroupstogiveinformationabouthowmuchtheyspendandhowtheyspendit,theamountandsourcesoffunds,membership,andnamesandsalariesoftheirrepresentatives.[译文4]Plasticsismadefromwaterwhichisanaturalresourceinexhaustibleandavailableeverywhere,coalwhichcanbeminedthroughautomaticandmechanicalprocessesatlesscostandlimewhichcanbeobtainedfromthecalcinationsoflimestonewidelypresentinnature.[译文5]TherewasadumbgirlcalledMaoManzhu,whotraveledoverrangesofmountainstocometoWangBin.Withvariouspainfulgestures,shebeggedforWang’shelp.[译文6]Myfamilywashardup,withFatherapeddler,Motherahousewife,andsomanychildrentofeed.[译文7]Crystaldropsweredrippingfromadozenlotusbudsinthelake,whilebeadsofwaterrolledabouttheleaves.[译文8]Thereisnowayoutbuttosetyoutoworklookingafterourneighbor’sbuffalo.You’llmakealittlemoneyeverymonth,andyou’llgetyourmealstheretoo.Youaretostarttomorrow.Impersonal（E）vs.Personal（C）物称VS人称TheveryspotalwaysremindedhimoftheaccidentwhichtookawaySylvia’slife.ImpersonalA:就是这个地方总是让他想起夺走西尔维娅生命的那次事故。B:每回看到这个地方，他就会想起夺走西尔维娅生命的那次事故。PersonalFeaturesofEnglishasanImpersonalLanguageinanimatesubject+animateverb无灵主语＋有灵谓语expletive“it”替补词“it”FeaturesofChineseasaPersonalLanguage具体的人称、通称或泛称、无人称、隐称inanimatesubject（无灵主语）：心理、体貌、感觉、见闻等抽象概念的名词时间、地点、自然现象、事物名称等具体名词由动词或形容词派生而成的抽象名词animateverb（有灵谓语）：与人的视觉有关的若干动词：see,witness,look,peer,...与人的活动密切相关的动作动词：greet,kiss,tell,ask,...与人的活动有一定关系的动作动词：escape,slip,take,bring,refuse,grip,choke,...导致状态变化的动词：give,set,make,kill,keep,leave,deprive,disarm,remind,prevent,show,lead(to),...使用其转义的动词：snow,father,creep,obey,...expletive“it”（替补词“it”）：preparatory“it”(先行词“it”)unspecified“it””(虚义词“it”)PAGE7emphatic“it””(强调词“it”)English-ChineseTranslationTechniques与人有关的句子成分→主语，无灵主语→状语或其他成分与人有关的句子成分和无灵主语的所有格名词结构→主谓短语物称句→无主句Chinese-EnglishTranslationTechniques选用合适的物名或用形容词或动词的抽象名词作主语，将人称或泛称主语处理成修饰成分或宾语运用替补词“it”[例1]Achillofhorrorsuddenlysweptoverhim.[例2]Theearly1600’switnessedthebeginningofagreattideofemigrationfromEuropetoNorthAmerica.[例3]Andtheirsmilesbroadenedasthestudentsnotedtherewereonlyfiveessay-typequestions.[例4]ThearrivalofSaturdaycalledMr.CollinsfromhisamiableCharlotte.[例5]Theinternetallowsschoolstodevelopalargeamountoflearningmaterialthatisaccessibleforstudentsonlineanytime.[例6]Mygoodfortunehassentyoutome,andwewillneverpart.[例7]Itneveroccurredtomethatshewassodishonest.[例8]ItishardlypossibletorealizearelativelyrichChinesesocietyinoverallscalewithoutasolutiontofarmers’medicareproblem.[例9]It’sonlyhalfanhour’swalktotheferry.[例10]Itisinthehouroftrialthatamanfindshistrueprofession.[译文1]他突然感到不寒而栗。[译文2]17世纪初期，移民大潮开始从欧洲涌向美洲。[译文3]看到只有5道论述题，学生一个个脸上笑开了花。[译文4]星期六一到，科林斯先生就得和温柔可爱的夏洛特分手了。[译文5]有了因特网，学校能够开发出大量的学习材料以供学生随时从网上获取。[译文6]我很幸运，能够得到你，让我们永不分离吧。[译文7]我从没想到她这么不老实。[译文8]不解决农民的医疗问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。[译文9]只需走半个钟头就可以到渡口。[译文10]人总是在面临考验的关头，才发现自己的专长。[例11]我便觉得有三分怅惘，三分无奈；然而，思之又觉释然。[例12]听到这个消息，他这一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了醋酸。[例13]他烟抽得厉害，所以患了肺癌。[例14]徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色，他由此一夜之间声名大噪。[例15]从长远的战略眼光来发展中国与欧盟的关系符合双方的根本利益。[译文11]Atouchoffrustrationandhelplessnesscameoverme;however,asecondthoughtbroughtmerelievedcalm.[译文12]Thenewsturnedthewineinhisstomachintosourvinegarinhisjealousy.[译文13]Hisheavysmokingledtohislungcancer.[译文14]XuBeihong’sexceptionalexcellenceinpaintinghorsesgainedhimanovernightfame.[译文15]ItisinthefundamentalinterestsofbothsidestodevelopChina-EUrelationsfromthelong-termstrategicperspective.[1]Excitementdeprivedmeofallpowerofutterance.[2]Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.[3]Thefortyyears,1840-80,broughtalmosttenmillionmigrantstoAmerica.[4]Thelittlechap’sgood-naturedhonestfacewonhiswayforhim.[5]ItisnotourviewthatthesubstanceorthetoneofhisremarksthismorningwillcontributetocreatingalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast.[译文1]我兴奋得什么话也说不出来。[译文2]我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。[译文3]从1840至1880这四十年中，近一千万移民移居美国。[译文4]这小伙子长相老实，看上去脾气也好，到处有人缘。PAGE8[译文5]我们认为，他今天上午发言的内容和口气都无助于在中东建立持久的和平。[6]一看到那棵大树，我就想起了童年的情景。[7]他有的是钱，所以他以为没有他摆不平的事。[8]第二年他的两个妹妹相继去世。[9]病好了之后，你反而显得苗条了。[10]必须调整高等院校的专业设置，改进教学方法。[译文6]Thebigtreealwaysremindsmeofmychildhood.[译文7]Hisrichnessgiveshimthethoughtthatnothingwouldbeoutofhiscontrol.[译文8]Thefollowingyearexperiencedthedeathsofhistwosisters.[译文9]Yourpreviousexperienceofillnesshasmadeyoufeelslender.[译文10]Itisnecessarytoadjustspecialtiesandimproveteachingmethodsincollegesanduniversities.Hypotactic(E)vs.Paratactic（C）形合vs意合孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”ParatacticMenciussaid,“IlikefishandIalsolikebear’spaws.IfIcannothavethetwotogether,Iwillletthefishgoandtakethebear’spaws.Inasimilarway,IlikelifeandIalsolikerighteousness.IfIcannothavethetwotogether,Iwillgiveupmylifetopreserverighteousness.”HypotacticDefinitionofHypotaxisHypotaxisisdefinedas“thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives”,forexample,Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.EnglishDefinitionofParataxisParataxisisdefinedas“thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem”,forexample,Therainfell;theriverflooded;thehousewashedaway.ChineseFeaturesofEnglishasaHypotacticLanguage英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应(overtcohesion)，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显义。关系词、连接词、介词、形态变化、前后一致、代词、替补词it和there等等。FeaturesofChineseasaParatacticLanguage汉语造句少用甚至不用形式连接手段，注重隐性连贯(covertcoherence)，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形。语序；反复、排比、对偶、对照等；紧缩句；四字格。English–ChineseTranslationTechniques介词→动词连接词省略不译介词短语、定语从句、独立主格→短语或分句（短句）Chinese–EnglishTranslationTechniques把汉语句子内含的逻辑关系用英语的连接词表达出来把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的单句把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次编排成英语的习惯表达[例1]WhenItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.[例2]Itwaswhatsentimentalists,whodealinverybigwords,callayearningaftertheideal,andsimplymeansthatwomenarenotsatisfieduntiltheyhavehusbandsandchildrenonwhomtheymaycentreaffections,whicharespentelsewhereinsmallchange.[例3]Themanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.[例4]Hehadadisconcertinghabitofexpressingcontradictoryideasinrapidsuccession.[例5]HeboaststhataslaveisfreethemomenthisfeettouchBritishsoilandhesellsthechildrenofthepooratsixyearsofagetoworkunderthelashinthefactoriesforsixteenhoursaday.[译文1]为什么如此众多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。PAGE9[译文2]情感主义者喜欢用大字眼，曾称爱情为对理想生活的憧憬。现在看来，简而言之，爱情就是一种满足感：女人的情感平时是零零星星的，必须等有了丈夫和孩子，情感便收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。[译文3]彩虹由多圈颜色组成，外圈红，内圈紫。[译文4]他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。[译文5]他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。[例6]抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。[例7]东边闪电出日头，西边闪电必有雨，南边闪电天气热，北边闪电有雷雨。[例8]不进则退。[例9]我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的河水滚滚流过。[例10]华大妈在枕头底掏了半天，掏出一包洋钱，交给老栓，老栓接了，抖抖的装入衣袋，又在外面按了两下，便点上灯笼，吹熄灯盏，走向里屋去了。[译文6]Oncetheprincipalcontradictionisgrasped,allproblemscanbereadilysolved.[译文7]Ifitlightensintheeast,itwillbesunny;ifinthewest,itwillberainy;ifinthesouth,itwillbesultry;ifinthenorth,itwillbestormy.[译文8]Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.[译文9]Somehowourpathtookustowardtheparkacrossthefootbridgehighabovetherollingwatersoftheriver.[译文10]Aftersomefumblingunderthepillow,hiswifeproducedapacketofsilverdollarstohim.Hepocketeditnervouslyandpattedhispocket.Then,lightingapaperlanternandblowingoutthelamp,hewentintotheroom.[1]过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。[2]她吓得昏了过去。[3]女主人劳了许多心神、花了许多费用来招待客人，可是客人只顾津津有味地与男主人谈政治、谈生意，却没有注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，房间内讲究的摆设。这真令女主人再失望不过，因为这才可能是她真正感兴趣并引以自豪之所在。[4]电流可以把电能传送到很远的地方，其消耗几乎可以忽略不计。[5]没有外力作用，运动的物体就持续做匀速直线运动。[6]不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？[7]狼披羊皮还是狼。[8]酒醉智昏。[9]他在下班回家的路上遇到了骤雨，胳膊下挟着一个公文包，开始向前跑，想去搭乘公共汽车，那辆汽车在他前头约有十米远，正在慢速开行。[10]我们过了江，进了车站。我买票，他忙着照看行李。[1]Allwasclearedupsometimelaterwhennewscamefromadistantplacethatanearthquakewasfelttheverydaythelittlecopperballfell.[2]Shehadsuchafrightthatshefainted.[3]Thereisnothingmoredisappointingtoahostesswhohasgonetoalotoftroubleorexpensethantohaveherguestsointerestedintalkingpoliticsorbusinesswithherhusbandthathefailstonoticetheflavorofthecoffee,thelightnessofthecake,ortheattractivenessofthehouse,whichmaybeherchiefinterestandpride.[4]Powercanbetransmittedoveragreatdistancewithpracticallynegligiblelossifitiscarriedbyanelectriccurrent.[5]Abodyinmotionremainsinmotionataconstantspeedinastraightlineunlessacteduponbyanexternalforce.[6]Ifyouhavenevertastedthebitternessofgall,howcanyouknowthesweetnessofhoney?[7]Awolfremainsawolfeventhoughinsheep’sclothing.[8]Whenwineisin,witisout.[9]Caughtinashoweronhiswayhomeafteraday’swork,hebeganrunning,withabriefcaseunderhisarm,inordertocatchabusgoingatalowspeedabout10metersaheadofhim.[10]WecrossedtheYangzeandarrivedatthestation,whereIboughtaticketwhilehesawtomyluggage.Passive(E)vs.Active(C)被动VS主动幸亏一个渔夫救起了他。ActiveFortunately,hewaspickedupbyafisherman.PassivePAGE10ReasonsforFrequencyPassiveVoiceinEnglish一、施事的原因施事未知而难以言明施事从上下文中可以不言自明施事不如受事重要，或受事需要强调由于特殊的原因而不要指明施事二、句法的要求为了使句子承上启下、前后连贯、便于衔接为了使句子平衡，保持末端中心和末端重量，以符合主语简短、谓语复杂的表达习惯三、修辞的考虑四、文体的需要ReasonsforfrequencyofActiveVoiceinChinese一、汉语被动式的使用受到限制。二、使用受事主语导致大量的“当然被动句”。三、不需要或不可能说出施事者时，可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式。四、施事者难以指明时，可以采用通称或泛称做主语，以保持句子的主动形式。五、不便使用被动式时，可采用某些转换式来表达被动意义，如：处置式、“为……所”式、“是……的”式、“……的是”式、“……加以/予以”式，还可以通过各种变通的手段，用与英语不同的句型和词性来表达英语的被动意义。TranslationTechniques(E-CTranslation)1、被动→主动保留原主语不变原宾语变成主语增添合适的主语Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays.几天之内全国就武装起来了。Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还并没有完全消除。ThepicturewaspaintedbyProfessorSmith.这幅画是史密斯教授画的。Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。Communicationssatellitesareusedforinternationallivingtransmissionthroughouttheworld.全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。Toexplorethemoon’ssurface,rocketswerelaunchedagainandagain.为探测月球表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。Saltisknowntohaveaverystrongcorrodingeffectonmetals.大家知道，盐对金属有腐蚀作用。Itisknownthatsmokingisharmfultothehealth.众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。2、被动→无主句Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanendto.必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。Attentionhasbeenpaidtothenewmeasurestopreventcorrosion.已经注意到了要采取防腐新措施。3、保留被动结构译成“被”或“给”译成“遭”或“受”译成“为……所”4、译成其他结构Iftheschemeisapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.如果被批准，这项工程将立即动工。Attheendofthemonthhewasfiredforincompetence.月底，他因自己办事不力而给解雇了。Anyminutewewouldbespottedbyenemyplanesflyinginandoutoftheairfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。Everyonewasfedupwithhergossip.人人都受够了她的闲言碎语。Suchconductwillbelookeddownuponbyallwithsenseofdecency.这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。Assoonasallthefactshavebeenfoundout,wecanbegintoformulateatheory.一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可形成。Thevillageispopulatedbyabout13,000farmers.这个村子里住着大约13000农民。Mosttreesaredenudedofleavesinwinter.大多数树木冬天要落叶。Thenewswaspassedonbywordofmouth..众口相传，消息不胫而走。Shewasdeliveredofaboy.PAGE11她生了个男孩。Sheandherhusbandhavebeenaskedoutforthebanquet.她和她丈夫应邀赴宴去了。Hewastoldthattwoofthemseemedunlikelytomakethegrade.他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。TranslationTechniques(C-ETranslation)带有被动标记不带被动标记主动→被动固定搭配他被选为校学生会主席。HewaselectedChairmanoftheStudents’Unionofthisuniversity.她深受大家尊敬。Sheisgreatlyrespectedbyeveryone.这座桥将在今年年底建成。Theconstructionofthebridgewillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.这个问题正在研究。Theproblemisnowbeingstudied.来宾请出示入场券。Visitorsarerequestedtoshowtheirtickets.我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十一国庆节。NationaldayisenthusiasticallycelebratedonOct.1bytheChinesepeopleofallnationalitieseveryyear.他出现在舞台上,观众给予热烈的掌声。Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。Shewasaskedtenquestionsintheoralexaminationandeveryoneofthemwascorrectlyanswered.众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之一。ItiswellknownthatgunpowderisoneofthefourinventionsoftheancientChinesepeople.据谣传，那场事故是由玩忽职守而造成的。Itisrumoredthattheaccidentwasduetonegligence.应该说，情况基本上是健康的。Itshouldbesaidthatthesituationisbasicallysound.必须指出，有些问题还需要澄清。Itmustbepointedoutthatsomequestionsareyettobeclarified.[1]Theembezzlerwasarrestedyesterday,anditissaidthathewillbesentencedinafewdaysforhisbriberyofover￡4,000,000.[2]Suchsuccesswasneverthoughtofwhenwefirststarted.[3]Yet,onlyapartofthisenergyisusedbymansofar.[4]Somethingshavebeensaidheretonightthatoughtnottohavebeenspoken.[5]Electricalenergycanbestoredintwometalplatesseparatedbyaninsulatingmedium.Suchadeviceiscalledacapacitor,oracondenser,anditsabilitytostoreenergyistermedcapacitance.Itismeasuredinfarads.[6]AfewyearsagoitwasthoughtunusualthatprogramscouldeverbecalledupbyviewerstobedisplayedontheirTVscreensathome.[7]ThebasicEnglishsentencepatternofsubject-verb-objectcanbevariedinmanyways.[8]Vegetableoilhasbeenknownfromantiquity.Nohouseholdcangetonwithoutit,foritisusedincooking.Perfumesmaybemadefromtheoilsofcertainflowers.Soapsaremadefromvegetableandanimaloils.[译文1]那个贪污犯已于昨天被捕，据说他受贿高达四百万英镑，不日即将宣判。[译文2]刚开始我们根本没有想到会获得这么大成功。[译文3]至今人类才只利用了这种能源的一部分。[译文4]今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。[译文5]电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。[译文6]观众能够打电话点播电视节目，这在几年前还是件稀罕的事情。[译文7]英语“主-动-宾”基本句型可以用许多方法加以变换。[译文8]植物油自古以来就为人们所熟悉。任何家庭都离不开它，因为做饭的时候就要用它。有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水。植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂。[9]这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。[10]这锅饭能吃十个人。[11]要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。PAGE12[12]众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。[13]这必须在适当的时候予以处理。[14]因为下雨，仪式举行得很简短。[译文9]Thewholehordeofenemysoldierswaswipedoutbytheguerrillas.[译文10]Apotofricelikethiscanfeed10people.[译文11]Airresistancemustbegivencarefulconsiderationwhentheaircraftistobemanufactured.[译文12]ItiswellknownthatthecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.[译文13]Itmustbedealtwithattheappropriatetime.[译文14]Theceremonywasabbreviatedbytherain.Stative（E）vs.Dynamic（C）静态VS动态这是一个秋天的下午。细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。他们撑着雨伞，攀沿一个弯曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居在深山的朋友。DynamicTheywalkedwithumbrellasupawindingmountainpathonadrizzlingandwindyautumnafternoonforavisittoafriendlivinginseclusion.StativeConnotationsBroadlyspeaking,nounscanbecharacterizednaturallyas‘stative’inthattheyrefertoentitiesthatareregardedasstable,whethertheseareconcrete(physical)likehouse,table,paper,orabstract(ofthemind)likehope,botany,length.Attheoppositepole,verbscanbeequallynaturallycharacterizedas‘dynamic’:theyarefitted(bytheircapacitytoshowtenseandaspect,forexample)toindicateaction,activityandtemporaryorchangingconditions.--R.QuirkFeaturesofEnglishasaStativeLanguage名词化结构施事者名词介词弱化、虚化动词形容词FeaturesofChineseasaDynamicLanguage动词可以充当汉语句子的各种成分动词连用动词重复或重叠E-CTranslationTechniques名词化结构→动词Aggressiontookmanyforms:theunilateraldenunciationoftreatiesandinternationalcommitments,interferenceintheinternalaffairsofotherstates,theuseofthreatsagainstweakerneighbors,theimpositionofunequalrelationships,outrightarmedattackagainsttheterritoriesofotherstatesandtheirdismemberment,thesubjugationofcolonialpeoplesandthedenialoftherighttoself-determinationandfundamentalhumanrights.侵略有许多形式，单方面废除条约与国际义务，干涉别国内政，对弱小邻国进行威胁，强迫实行不平等关系，赤裸裸地武装进攻别国领土和肢解别国，征服殖民地民族，否认自决权和基本的人权等。施事者名词→动词Seagullsareexcellentflyers.Theycanflymanymileswithoutstopping.Withashortresthereandthere,theycanflyfromoneendofacountrytotheother.Theyaregoodgliders,too.Whentheyslide,theyseemtobeslidinginvisibleslideswayupintheair.Seagullsaregoodswimmers,too.Theirfeetarewebbed–thelittlestretchesofskinbetweentheirtoesmakepaddles.Gullsarefloaters.Theystayontopofthewaterlikeapieceofwood.It’sagoodthingtheydobecauseonlongtri