道家英语简介

TaoismTaoismisthenativereligionofChina,italsobecalledDaoismorTaoism.TaoismisChina’straditionalphilosophy.Taoism>OriginHistoryRepresentativeTotemContentTaoism>PrinciplesTranslationTaleActivityGlossaryTraditionally, Taoism has been attributed to three sources, the oldest  being the legendary‘Yellow Emperor’,but the most famous is Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching. According to tradition, Lao Tzu was an older contemporary of Kung Fu Tse(Confucius).The third source is Chuang Tzu's ( untitled) workBut the original source of Taoism is said to be the ancient I Ching, The Book of changes .The Tao was written in a time of feudal warfare and constant conflict. Lao Tzu was reflecting on a way which would stop the warfare,a realistic path for humanity to follow which would end the conflict. And so he came up with a few pages of short verses, which became the Tao Te Ching. This is the original book of Tao.OriginTaoism'soriginsmaybetracedtoprehistoricChinesereligionsinChina.TheyarefoundinthecompositionofTaoTeChing(3rdand4thcenturyBCE),oramidsttheactivityofZhangDaoling(2ndcenturyAD).HistorySchoolTaoismwasevolvedovertimeintheshapeofanumberofdifferentschools,QuanzhenschoolofTaoismwasfoundedduringSongDynasty,andtogetherwiththeresurgentCelestialMasterscalledtheZhengyiisoneofthetwoschoolsofTaoismthathavesurvivedtothepresent.TheprimaryreligiousfiguresinTaoismareLaoTzuandChuangTzu,twoscholarswhodedicatedtheirlivestwobalancingtheirinnerspirits.RepresentativesThe most common graphic representation of Taoist theology isthe circular Yin Yang figure. It represents the balance of oppositesin the universe. When they are equally present, allis calm. When one is outweighed by the other,there is confusion and disarray. The Yin and Yang are a model thatthefaithful follow,anaidthatallowseachperson to contemplate the state of his or her lives.TotemMoreamodeoflivingthananactualtheology.Taoismasksthateachpersonfocusesontheworldaroundhimorherinordertounderstandtheinnerharmoniesoftheuniverse.Itisakindofreligioussystemheavilyfocusedonmeditationandcontemplation.TheTaosurroundseveryoneandonemustlearntofindenlightenment.Reverence for ancestor spirits and immortals are also common in popular Taoism. Organized Taoism distinguishes its ritual activity from that of the folk religion, which some professional Taolists (Daoshi) view as debased. Chinese alchemy(including Neidan), astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, chinese traditional medicine, fengshui, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines have been intertwined withTaoism throughout history.ContentContentPrinciplesTaoisttheologyfocusesondoctrinesofWuwei(actionthatdoesnotinvolvestruggleorexcessiveeffort),spontaneity,humanism,relativismandemptiness.ThisphilosophicalaspectofTaoismemphasizesvariousthemesfoundintheTaoTeChing(道德经)suchasnaturalness,vitality,peace,“yielding”(Wuwei),emptiness(refinement),detachment,thestrengthofsoftness(offlexibility),andintheZhuangzisuchasreceptiveness,spontaneity,therelativismofhumanwaysoflife,waysofspeaker’sguidingbehavior.Taoismisareligion.TheTaoTeChing,iswidelyregardedtobethemostinfluentialTaoisttext.ItisafoundationalscriptureofcentralimportanceinTaoismpurportedlywrittenbyLaoTzusometimeinthe3rdor4thcenturiesBC.ChuangTzuMainarticle:ChuangTzu(book)TheDaozang(道藏,TreasuryofTao)issometimesreferredtoastheTaoistcanon.ItwasoriginallycompiledduringtheJin,Tang,andSongdynasties.TheversionsurvivingtodaywaspublishedduringtheMingdynasty.ClassicsClassicaltranslationThe Tao gives birth to One. One gives birth to Two. Two gives birth to Three. Three gives birth to all things.Iridescentcolorscauseblindness.Beautifulmusiccausesdeafness;deliciousfoodcauseslossoftaste.Racingandhuntingcausemadness.Thewithknowingcontentmentisalwayscontented.TaleActivityTheQuanZhensect OriginatorPrincipleRepresentativesRelationshipInthe12thcentury,theQuanzhenSchoolwasfoundedinShandong.Itflourishedduringthe13thand14thcenturyandduringtheYuandynastybecamethelargestandmostimportantTaoistschoolinNorthernChina.WangChongyangisthefounderofQuanzhenschool.Thankyou