IMDG危险品综合规范英文

SeminarforCarriageofDangerousGoods05JulyGLASEABusanY.S.KimBriefInstructionThereisatremendousvarietyofdangerouscargoesbeingcarriedonseagoingships，tosomeextentinverylargequantities.Dangerousgoodsaremainlymineraloilsandproductsofthechemicalindustrywhichmayrepresentadangerforthecrew，theshipandenvironment.ThishasbeentakenaccountbytheIMOintheinternationalConventionfortheSafetyofLifeatSea，SOLAS.ThecarriageofdangerousgoodsingeneralisdealtwithinSOLASChapterVII，coveringchemicaltankersinPartB，gascarriersinPartCandthecarriageofdangerousgoodsinpackagedformorinsolicforminbulkiscontainedinPartA.PartAofSOLASChapterVIIcontainsgeneralrequirementscoveringmainlyoperationalaspectsandappliestoallships，includingcargoshipesoflessthan500grosstons，carryingdangerousgoods.PartAofSOLASChapterVIIisthelegalbaseforthe“InternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCode“(IMDGCode)andthe“CodeofSafetyPracticeforSolidBulkCargoes“(BCCode).Therecodescontainthespecificrequirementswithregardtopacking，labelling，stowage，segregationandotheroperationalaspects.InRegulation2ofSOLASChapterVII，PartAdangerousgoodsareclassifiedaccordingtotheirspecificproperties:Class1ExplosiveClass2.1FlammableGasesClass2.2Non-flammableGasesClass2.3PoisonousGasesClass3.1/3.2Flammableliquidswithflashpointof23CandbelowClass3.3Flammableliquidswithflashpointabove23Cupto61CClass4.1FlammablesolidsClass4.2SubstancesliabletospontaneouscombustionClass4.3Substances，which，incontactwithwater，emitflammablegasesClass5.1OxidizingsubstancesClass5.2OrganicsubstancesClass6.1ToxicsubstancesClass6.2InfectioussubstancesClass7RadioactivematerialsClass8Corrosives(liquidsandsolidforms)Class9MiscellaneousdangeroussubstancesandarticlesForthedetailsoftheclassificationofthedangerousgoods，refertoIMGDCodePara.5asattached.DangeroussubstancesinpackagedformaretobeshippedinapprovedpackagingsasspecifiedintheIMDGcodeforeachsubstanceindividually，includingalimitationofthefillingcapacity.Commonpackagingsareboxes，drums，pressurecylindersetc.Theseparcelledgoodsareeitherbestoweddirectlyinthecargoholdorinsideafreightcontainer.Goodsstowedintankcontainers，bulkcontainersorbigbagsareconsideredpackagedaswell.Pleasenotethatbulkcargoesmeancargoeswhichareintendedtobetransportedwithoutanyintermediateformofcontainmentinbulkpackagingsorportabletanks.Stowagerequirementsspecify，amongotherthings，restrictionsrelatedtothedistancetolivingquartersandtoengineroomboundaries，orwhetherondeckorunderdeckstowageispermittedorstowageonpassengerships.Segregationisrequiredforincompatiblegoodslikesubstances，whichstowedtogether，presentariskforunduehazardsincaseofleakageorspillage.RegulationsandProvisionSOLASII-2，Reg.54SpecificrequirementsforshipscarryingdangerousgoodsTheseregulationsspecifytherequiredinstallationsandequipmentinthecargospacesfortheindividualcargoesSOLASVII，PartACarriageofdangerousgoodsinpackagedformorinsolidforminbulk.ApplicationoftheRulesandclassificationofthevariousgoods.Generalinformationregardingpackaging，marking，labelling，documentsandstowage.IMDGCodeInternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCodeSpecificprovisionsforeachindividualcargowithrespecttopacking，stowageandsegregationduingthetransport.Tobeonboardifgoodsinpackagedformarecarried.BCCodeCodeofSafePracticeforSolidBulkCargoesSpecificprovisionsforeachindividualcargowithrespecttostowageandsegregationduringthetransport.Tobeonboardifbuldkcargopesarecarried.INFCodeCodeforthesafecarriageofirradiatednuclearfuel，plutoniymandhigh-levelradioactivewastesinflasksonboardships.INF1，INF2，INF-3dependentonthetotalradioactivequantity.Class7，notcoveredbySOLASII-2，Reg.54.Asindicatedinthelistofclassessomegoodsaredangerousonaccountoftheirfeatures(e.g.explosiveorpoisonousproducts).Othergoodsconstituteahazardduringthetransportiftheygetintouchwithothermaterialsandtherebyachemeicalreactioniscaused，e.g.developmentofignitableortoxicgasesaftercontactwithwater.Therefore,thecargospacesconcernedhavetobeprovidedwiththefireprotectionandsafetysystemsdependentontheschemeofthecarriageofdangerousgoodsasspecififiedonSOLASChapterII-2，Regualtion54inordertocopewithdangeroussituationswhichmayevolve.ItshouldbenotedthatashipneednottocomplywithalltherequirementsindicatedintheSOLASII-2，Regulation54.Theclassesofdangerousgoodswhichmaybecarriedandpossiblerestrictionsareascertainedonthebasisofthearrangementsandequipmentprovidedforeachspaceandsuchstatedinthe“DocumentofCompliancefortheCarriageofDangerousGoods(DangerousGoodsCertificate)“.Asattached，ourRulesChapter2，Section12，Thetables12.7and12.8areusedtodeterminetherequirementstobefulfilledforparticularclassesofdangerousgoodstobecarriedinaparticulartypeofcargospace.SpecificRequirementsfortheCarriageofDangerousGoodsGeneralinformationregardingtheapplicationoftheSpecialRequirementsofRegulation54ofSOLASII-2accordingtothescopeofdangerousgoodstobecarried.Thescopeofdangerousgoods，whichmaybecarried，dependsonthevessel’soutfitting.A.TransportofDangerousGoods(D.G.)inpackageformAminimumofsuchrequirementsasdetailedherebelowhastobemetincaseD.G.inpackagedformshallbecarriedinacargohold:1.Allcargoholdstobefittedwithafixedfireextinguishingsystem(conventional/container/bulkcargospaces：CO2system)specialcategoryspaces，openro/rospacesandalike：watersprayingsystem2.Immediateavailabilityofwaterforfirefightingbyremotestartofthefirepumpsfromthewheelhouse3.Hydrantstobearrangedsuchthatanypartoftheemptycargospacecanbereachedwithfourjetsofwatersimultaneously.Twoofthejetsshallbesuppliedviasinglelengthofhoseeach，twomaybesuppliedviatwocoupledhoselengths.ThisrequirementappliesalsotothecargoweatherdeckdesignatedforthestowageofD.G.4.Approvedfiredetectionsystemforthecargoholds(incaseofclass1onweatherdeckalsoapplicabletothecargoholdbeneath)5.Foursetsofchemicalprotectiveclothing6.Twoadditionalbreathingapparatuswithsparechargesacc.toflagstaterequirements6000ltrs.eachforGermanflag.，butnotlessthantwo7.Additionaldrypowderfireextinguisherstotal12kgperhold(notrequiredincontainercargoholds，butalsoforweatherdeckstowage)Withforegoingequipmentthefollowingmaybecarriedinthecargohold(s):IMOClassRestrictions1.4.Snone2.2none3.3none4.1exceptsubstancesforwhichtheIMDGcodestipulates"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace"4.2exceptsubstancesforwhichtheIMDGcodestipulates"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace5.1exceptsubstancesforwhichtheIMDGcodestipulates"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace"6.1exceptliquidsandexceptsubstancesforwhichtheIMDGcodestipulates"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace"8exceptliquidswithflashpoint61 °C9exceptsubstancesforwhichtheIMDGcodestipulates"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace"Providedadditionaldrypowderfireextinguishersoftotal12kgareavailablededicatedtotheuseinthecargodeckareaallclassesofD.G.maybecarriedonweatherdeck.8.Forthecarriageofflammablegases(class2.1)，toxicgases(class2.3)，substancesofIMOclass4.3，liquidsofclass6and8withflashpoint 61 °C，butabove23 °CandforthecarriageofthosegoodsforwhichtheIMDGcoderequires"stowageinamechanicallyventilatedspace"，thecargoholdistobeprovidedwithmechanicalexhaustventilationgiving6airchangesperhourbasedontheemptyhold.ThisappliesalsotogoodsofIMOclasses4.1，4.2and5.1ifstowageinamechanicallyventilatedspaceisstipulatedintheIMDGcode.Theventilationductsshallbearrangedsuchthatapproximately1/3oftheairvolumeisremovedfromtheupperand2/3lowerpartofthecargohold.Theventilationmaybereducedtotwoairchangesperhourincaseofcontainercargospacesandifthesegoodsarecarriedinclosedfreightcontainers.Theinlet(ifsupplyfansareprovided)andoutletventilationopeningsaretobefittedwithwiremeshguardsnotexceeding13 mmmeshtopreventforeignobjectsfromenteringintothefancasing.9.Withventilationacc.to8.andex-proofelectricalequipmentofexplosiongroupIIB，temperatureclassT4andgradeofprotectionIP55，alsotheflammablegases(class2.1)withtheexceptionofHydrogenandmixturesthereofmaybecarriedinthehold.Itshouldbenotedthatallelectricalequipmentcomingintocontactwithholdatmospherehastomeetthisrequirement(lighting，firedetectionsystem，ventilatorsetc.).ThecarriagealsoofHydrogenandmixturesthereofwouldrequireex-proofinstallationofIICT4.LightingisnotarequirementoftheRulesnorSOLAS.Lightingoranyotherelectricalequipment，unlessrequiredbytheRegulationsorinconnectionwiththetransportofD.G.，maybeisolatedduringthetransportofgoodsrequiringex-proofelectricalequipment.10.Withventilationaccordingto8.，ex-proofinstallationaccordingto9.andanadditionalfixedbilgesystemfortheremovalofD.G.spills，theclasses3.1，3.2，6.1and8maybecarriedwithoutrestrictions.11.IncaseofIMO-class1，except1.4.S，thefollowingwouldhavetobeprovidedinadditiontothebasicrequirementsasperitems1.-10:–electricalequipmentofatleastIIBT5，IP65(onlyforgoodsliabletoemitexplosivedustorvapour)–watersprayingsystemforthepartwhereclass1istobestowed(5litres/m2∙min)–amachineryspacebulkheadadjoiningthecargoholdistobeinsulatedtoA-60standard.12.InacargoholdadjoiningthemachineryspacevariousIMOclasseshavetobestowed3mawayfromthemachineryspacebulkhead，unlessitisinsulatedtoA-60standard.FordetailspleaserefertotheRules.Thisrequirement，however，isnotapplicabletocontainercargoholds.IncaseofIMOclass1(except1.4.S)however，theA-60fireprotectioninsulationismandatoryforthemachineryspacebulkheadadjoiningacargohold.Inaddition，thesegoodshavetobestowed3mawayfromthemachineryspacebulkhead.13.Note:IMO-class5.2neverispermittedtobecarriedinaholdregardlessofanyequipmentfitted.Thissub-classisallowedondeckonly.14.CarriageofcontainersonNon-weathertightHatchcoversWithregardtothecarriageofcontainersonnon-weathertighthatchcovers，potentialhazardshavebeenidentifiedincaseofdangerousgoodsofwhichleakedliquidsmayenterintothecontainercargoholdandfordangerousgoodsforwhichtheIMDGcoderequires“ondeckstowage”only.Fornewbuildingsintendedforthecarriagecontainersonnon-weathertighthatchcoverswithgaps，followingsshallbeobserved:IACSLL64Fromthecarriageofdangerousgoodspointofview，hemainitemsare:thegapsshallnotexceed50mmtominimisetheentryofleakedliquidsintothecontainercargohold，effectiveprovisions(e.g.gutterbars)shallbeprovidedinwayofthegapstherequirementCO2quantityforthecargoholdistobeincreasedbyatleast10%Inaccordancewithinterpretation，para9ofLL64neednottobeobservedunderfollowingconditions:Stowageofcontainersonthehatchcoversinsidethegutterbars，i.e.withoutbridgingthegaps：nofurtherrequirementStowageofcontainersabovegaps，i.e.bybridgingthegaps:Additionaldrainagerecess，e.g.recessedlabyrintharrangement，shallbeprovidedbetweenthehatchcovers.Mechanicalventilationinthecargoholdsshallbeprovided.Thekindofventilation(exhaustoroverpressureventilation)shouldbeselectedasfollows:ForcontainercargoholdsfittedwithcertifiedsafeelectricalequipmentofatleastIIBT4IP55andventilationgivingatleast2airchangesperhour，GLrecommendsmechanicalventilationofexhausttypewhichwedeemmoreeffectiveincaseofleakageofdangerousgoodsfromcontainersstowedwithinthehold.Shouldanygasesorvapourfromthe“ondeckonly”cargobedrawnintotheholditwillbedilutedsufficientlysothattogetherwiththeforementionedstandardofelectricalprotectionthereshouldbenoriskofignition.Overpressureventilationofthecargoholdsbeneathshouldberequiredonlyifthecargoholdsarenotequippedforthecarriageofflammablegasesandliquidswithflashpointbelow23C(thatmeanse.g.nocertifiedsafeelectricalequipment).Anairchangerateofatleast2/hrshallbeprovidedandcontinuousventilationshouldbemaintainedthroughouttheholdsifsuchcargoesarestowedonthehatches.FordetailsregardingtheindividualrequirementspleaserefertotheRules.B.TransportofSolidDangerousGoodsinBulkIncaseavesselshallalsobesuitableforthecarriageofsolidD.G.inbulkthefollowingistobeapplied:1.Iffittedwithequipmentasperitems1.，2.，3.，5.and6.，thefollowingclassescanbecarriedinbulk:5.1SeparationtoengineroombulkheadinaccordancewithBCcode.，6.1，8and9NOTEREF_Ref\h\*MERGEFORMAT12.Mechanicalventilationismandatoryonlyforalimitednumberofbulkcargoes.FordetailspleaserefertotheRules.3.Afiredetectionsystemasperitem4.isnotrequiredincaseofsolidD.G.inbulk.4.TheCO2systemmaybeexemptedonapplicationincaseofbulkcargoeswhicharenon-combustibleoroflowfireriskorforwhichCO2isdeemedtobeineffective(IMOMSC/Circ.671).5.Class4.1Inacargoholdadjoiningamachineryspacestowageatleast3 mawayfromengineroombulkhead，unlessitisinsulatedtoA-60standard.inbulkwouldrequireelectricalequipmentofatleastIP55，max.surfacetemperature200°CorT3，IP55(sulphurT4，IP55).6.Forclass4.21inbulkonlyforsomegoodstheelectricalequipmentmustbeofatleastIIAT2，IP55.Forclass4.31inbulkfollowingrequirementsshallbecompliedwith:TheelectricalequipmentmustbeofatleastIICT1(ferrosilicon)，othergoodsofthisclassrequireIICT2.Theventilationmustconsistofatleast2independentfanswithasillheightsuchthatweathertightclosureneednotbeprovidedinaccordancewithILLC.Thebilgesystemistobedesignedacc.toitem10ofparaA.TwoportablegasmeasuringapparatusforquantitativemeasuringofPhosphineandArsinearetobeprovided.Specialflagstaterequirementsmayhavetobeobservedforthecarriageofclass4.3inbulk.E.g.incaseofGermanflagafull-scaleseparatebilgesystemistobeprovidedforthehold.Forthebreathingapparatussparechargesof9600litreseacharerequired.Foregoingcoversthemostimportantaspects.FordetailsofdesignpleaserefertotheRules.C.Formstobesubmittedbytheshipyard(F236/F184)TheformsF236shallbecompletedbytheshipyardandtobesubmittedtoourMachineryDepartmenttogetherwithaGeneralArrangementDrawinginordertoprovideinformationregardingthetypeofcargospaces，thehatchcovers(weathertight，ornon-weathertightwithgaps)andthescopeofIMOclassesintendedtobecarried.TheformsF184shallbecompletedbytheshipyardandtobesubmittedtoourElectricalDepartmentforapprovalinduetimebeforedeliveryoftheship.ForissueoftheDocumentofCompliancefortheCarriageofDangerousGoodsanapprovedformisrequired.DocumentofCompliancefortheCarriageofDangerousGoodsThedocumentofcompliancewillbeissuedbyGLformostoftheflagstatesuponaspecialsurveyacc.toGLformF 235forinitialsurveysandFormF237forrenewalsurveys.IncaseofGermanflagthedocumentwillbeissuedbytheGermanAuthorities.ThenecessarysurveyshoweverwillbeperformedbyGL，whowillinitiatetheissueofthedocumentbySee-BG.ExplosionProtectionofElectricalEquipmentfortheCarriageofDangerousGoodsInstructionDuringthepastfewyearstransportsofdangerousgoodsonboardshipshaveincreasedsubstantially，asasaresultofwhichinstallatioansenablingsuchtransportstobeeffectedsafelyarenowprovidedforthecargospacesofalmostallnewbuildings.Oneoftheessentialmeasurestakenisexplosionprotectionoftheelectricalequipment.Fromthegeneralobjectivesdefineditcanbededucedthatinparticularthefollowingitemshavetoobserved.DefinitionofareassubjecttoexplosionhazardAdaptationofexplosionprotectiontothedangerousgoodstobecarried(explosiongroup，temperatureclass).Definitionofrestrictionsfordisconnectionofnon-explosionprotectedequipment.Equipmentprovidedforensuringthesafetyofcrewandshipandforthecarriageofdangerousgoodsmustbenotdisconnected.BoththeIEC/TC18andIACSWP/ELhavepreparedrelevantregulations，whichhavebeendulyconsideredinGermanischerLlyod’sRules.Areassubjecttoexplosionhazard(comparabletozone1)Hazardousareashavebeensubdividedintoareassubjecttoexplosionhazard(comparabletozone1)andextendedhazardousareas(comparabletozone2)，dependingontheprobabilityofoccurrenceofanatmosphereindangerousquantity.Asamatterofprinciple，cargoholdsinwhichdangerousgoodsarecarried，aswellasthepertinentventilationductsandenclosedorsemi-enclosedspaceswithdirect，non-closableopeningstothesespaces，areareassubjecttoexplosionhazard.Adistinctionhastobemadebetweenexplosivesubstancesinpackagedformconformingtoclass1，exceptforgoodsindivision1.4，compatibilitygroupS.solidgoodsinbulk，whichmaydevelopdangerousdustonly，andflammableliquidswithaflashpointbelow23Cinpackagedform，flammablegasesorhighlydangerousbulkcargoes，whichundercertainconditionsdevelopapotentiallyexplosivegasatmosphere.Itisassumedthatintheeventoffailure，e.g.damagetothepackaginganddischargeofaliquidwithaflashpointbelow23C，agas/airmixtureindangerousquantityandconcentrationisliabletooccurfromtimetotime.Thesameconsiderationappliestodangerousconcentrationsofdust/airmixturesinthecaseofcarriageofcertainbulkcargoes，suchasgrainandfishmeal.Whencoaliscarried，acombinedhazardduetoductandgas(methane)mayoccur.Theconcentrationsistobeexpecteddependingonalargeextentonthetypeofcoalandthecountryoforigin.Ferrosiliconmaybequotedasanexampleforahazardbeingcausedduringthecarriageofsolidcargoinbulkduetoexplosivegasatmosphere.Undertheeffectofwater，ferrosilicondevelops，interalia，hydrogenindangerousconcentrationsandquantity.Extendedhazardousareas(comparabletozone2)Extendedhazardousareasaretobetakenintoconsiderationonlyintheeventofcarriageofflammableliquidswithaflashpoint23Cinpackagedform，flammablegasesorhighlydangerousbulkcargoes，whichundercertainconditionsdevelopapotentiallyexplosivegasatmosphere.Extendedhazardousareasinclude:Areaswithagastight，closabledoortoareassubjecttoexplosionhazardandnotprovidedwithoverpressureventilationorseparationbyagaslock.Ifventilationbyoverpressurewithatleast6airchangesperhourorseparatedbyagaslock，theseareasareconsideredtobesafe.Incaseofthefailureofventilationsystemavisualandaudiblealarmistobegivenandtheequipment，whichisnotofcertifiedsafetype(e.g.IP55)mustbeautomaticallyormanuallyswitchedoff.Bilgepumpspacesandpipetunnelswithcomponents，suchasflanges，valves，pumps，etc.，whichservetheareasubjecttoexplosionhazard.Ifventilated(exhaustair)withatleast6airchangesperhour，theseareasareconsideredtobesafe.Incaseofthefailureofventilationsystemavisualandaudiblealarmistobegivenandtheequipment，whichisnotofcertifiedsafetype(e.g.IP55)mustbeautomaticallyormanuallyswitchedoff.Areasontheopendeckwithinasphericalof3maroundtheexhaustopeningsofventilationductsfromhazardousareas.ChoiceofequipmentforuseinareassubjectotexplosionhazardInpractice，thechoiceofexplosion-protectedequipment，takingintoaccountexplosiongroupandtemperatureclass，hastobeproblematical.Thefollowingfactsmayberecalled：Theignitionpenetrationcharcteristicsofgasesthroughgapsarereflectedintheexplosiongroup，whilethemaximumadmissibletemperatureofelectricalequipmentisreflectedinthistemperatureclass.Themaximumtemperatureofelectricalequipmentmustalwaysbebelowteignitiontemperatureoftheexplosivegasatmosphere.Explosiongroupandtemperatureclassarebasedonthephysicalpropertiesofthesubstances，whichmayformanexplosivegasatmosphere.AaabbreviationsfortheexplosiongroupA/B/CareusedandforthetemperatureclassT1–T6，withthemoststringentrequirementsbeingrepresentedbyexplosiongroupCandtemperatureclassT6.TheproblemisthattheIMOdangerclassesmentionedpreviouslycannotbedirectlycorrelatedtotheexplosiongroupsandtemperatureclasses.Inparticular，productsofclasses1，2，3，6and8containawiderangeofcompletelydifferentsubstances，whichowingtotheirphysicalpropertiesmakehighdemandsonexplsionprotection，i.e.explosiongroupIICtemperatureclassT5.Carbondisulfide，whichwouldberequiredtocomeundertemperatureclassT6，isnotpermittedtobecarriedbelowdeck，andneed，therefore，notbeconsidered.Also，detailsrelatingtoexplosiongroupandtemperatureclassarenotalwaysavailableorinsomecasesareunkwown.Examplesforthegroupsofsolidbulkareshowninattached.Inthefollowingthecorrectchoiceofexplosion-protectedequipmentisdealtwith.Asinthecaseoftheareassubjecttoexplosionhazardof2.to2.3above，asubdivisionisused.Explosivesubstancesinpackagedformconformingtoclass1，exceptforgoodsindivision1.4，compatibilitygroupSExplosive，dustyatmosphere:DegreeofprotectionIP65Maximumsurfacetemperature100CPotentiallyexplosive，gaseousatmosphere:explosion-protectionequipmentinExplosiongroup:IIATemperatureclassT5Solidgoodsinbulk，whichmaydevelopdangerousdustonlyDegreeofprotectionIP55Maximumsurfacetemperature200Corexplosion-protectedequipmentinDegreeofprotectionIP55MaximumsurfacetemperatureT3Flammableliquidswithaflashpointbelow23Cinpackagedform，flammablegasesorhighlydangerousbulkcargoes，whichundercertainconditionsdevelopapotentiallyexplosivegasatmosphere.ExplosiongroupIICTemperatureclassT4Whereallrequirementsof4.1to4.3havetobecompliedwith，duetothefactthatthewholerangeofdangerousgoodsisintendedtobecarried，themoststingentrequirementswillhavetobeapplied.Theelectricalequipmentwillthenhavetomeetthefollowingmaximumrequirements.DegreeofprotectionIP65Maximumsurfacetemperature100CExplosiongroupIICTemperatureclassT5Theseextractingrequirementsimplyconsiderablecosts，areinsomecasesdifficulttoput