物流专业英语 教学课件 ppt 作者 王风丽 1-Chapter One

LogisticsEnglish物流专业英语主编王风丽副主编唐曌曦王晓阔ModuleOneBackgroundknowledgeofLogistics--LogisticsCultureChapterOneTheGeneralIntroductionofLogisticsChapterOneTheGeneralIntroductionofLogistics ObjectivesTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsTounderstandthedefinitionofinternationallogisticTolearntheactivitiesoflogisticssystem FocusonThedefinitionoflogisticsTheimportanceoflogisticsMainactivitiesoflogisticsSystem FocusonTheword‘logistics’wasfirstusedinthemilitary.Itdealtwiththesupplyofmaterialandequipmenttothetroops,anditcouldtracebacktotheearlyAmericanIndependentWar.TheBritishArmyinAmericadependedalmostentirelyuponBritainforsupplies.Attheheightofthewartherewere1200troopsoverseasandforthemostparttheyhadnotonlytobeequipped,butfedfromBritain.Therefore,ithadbeenarguedthatthedefeatoftheBritishintheAmericanIndependentWarcouldlargelybeattributedtologisticsfailurewhenthewarwasover. LeadinDuringWorldWarII,logisticsplayedamajorrole.Militaryforcesmadeeffectiveuseoflogisticsmodelsandformsofsystemanalysistoensurethatmaterialswereattheproperplacewhenneeded.Afterthat,logisticswaswidelyusedinmilitaryandmilitarymanagement.Forexample,duringthelandwarinIraqin1990,anU.S.armoreddivisioncouldconsumedaily5000tonsofammunition,555000gallonsoffuel,300000gallonsofwater,and80000meals.Italldependedontheveryeffectivemagnificentsupply.Withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandadvancedtechnology,logisticsisnowusedmorewidelyinthefieldofbusiness.1.1TheDefinitionofLogisticsLogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughtherehasbeenthe＂move＂ofthegoodssincethebeginningofhumancivilization,logisticsisnothingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessandknowledgeaboutit.Sowhatlogisticsreallyis?Ithastakenafurther70yearsorsoforthebasicprinciplesoflogisticmanagementtobeclearlydefined.OneofthedefinitionsiscomingfromtheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)(previouslyknownas“CouncilofLogisticsManagement”)--oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionalsmaybethemostauthoritative:Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effetiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Accordingtothedefinition,logisticsmainlyfocusesonprocurementanddistributionofphysicalgoods.Besides,itisalsolinkedwithproduction,andthekeyissueistodecidehowandwhenrawmaterials,,movedandstoredsemi-finishedgoodsshouldbeacquired.Allthesewillbeextendedanddevelopedasthebookprogresses.1.2AnalysisofLogisticsDefinitionThebasicdefinitionoflogisticsisquitelong,tounderstanditbetter,wecananalysisitinthefollowingdetails.●Theessenceoflogisticsisaprocessof“planning,implementing,andcontrolling”Firstly,thedefinitionoflogisticsinvolvesthreeactivities:“planning,implementing,andcontrolling”,whichisscientificplanning,effectivelyimplementing,andreal-timelycontrolling,notjustoneortwo.●Theprincipleoflogisticsis“efficient,effectiveflowandstorage”Secondly,thedefinitionoflogisticsindicatesthemainstatusofgoodsinthelogisticsis“flowandstorage”.Howtomakeitefficientandeffectiveistheprincipleoflogisticsdesigningandmanagement.Forexample,acompanypromisesthatallorderwillbeexecutedwithin24hoursofreceipt,thusthepercentageoforderswhichareactuallyexecutedwithin24hoursofreceiptbecomesthestandardwhichisusedtoestimatewhetherthelogisticsisefficientandeffectiveornot.●Theresearchobjectoflogisticscontains“goods,services,andrelatedinformation”Thirdly,thedefinitionoflogisticsalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation”.Infact,inthecontemporarybusinessenvironment,asuccessfullogisticssystemnotonlycontainstheflowofgoodsandservice,butalsocontainstheflowofrelatedinformation.Andthelatterplaysanimportantroleinthewholesystem,advancedinformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasyandless-costlyforcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticsdecision.●Thepurposeoflogisticsis“meetingcustomerrequirements”Finally,thedefinitionoflogisticsindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsis“meetingcustomerrequirement”.Thatis,thecompanyshouldestablishandadoptthesuitablestrategiesonthebasisofcustomerwants,needsanddemands.1.3TheImportanceofLogisticsInayearlystudyofdomesticlogistics,thepercentageoftheChina’sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)thatwasspentonlogisticsactivities(transportation,inventory,andotheradministrativecostslinkedtologisticsactivities)stoodat20percentin1999,whilethatoftheUnitedStatesjuststoodat10.7percentin1997,9.9percentin2000,and8.5percentin2004.Atthispointtoconsiderlogisticsinthecontextofbusinessandtheeconomy,logisticsisanimportantactivitymakingextensiveuseofthehumanandmaterialresourcesthataffectanationaleconomy.Advancedandprofessionallogisticsmanagementarebeingrequiredbythedevelopmentofsocialismmarketeconomyandcommodityproduction,otherwise,oureconomicalgoalcouldn’tberealizedwithouttheassistanceoflogistics.Forexample,theproductionandconsumptioninbulkofgeneralmerchandise,suchascoal,oil,steel,andcement,neededtobeguaranteedbyahighspeedincreasingoftransportation.Theimprovementoflogisticscreatesimportantprerequisiteforeconomicdevelopment.1.4MainActivitiesofLogisticsSystemLogisticsreferstothesystematicmanagementofthevariousactivitiesrequiredtomovegoodsfromtheirpointsofproductiontothecustomer.Tomakealogisticssystemfunction,avarietyofactivitiesmustexecutetogether.Let’sbrieflyintroducesomeofthesemainactivitiesoflogisticssystem.●Demandforecasting Demandforecastingreferstoefforttoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Anaccurateforecastingisessentialtoeffectivelogisticsmanagement,accordingtoit,companycanmakedecisionsuchaswhatkindsandhowmanyrawmaterialsshouldbeorderedfromit’ssuppliers;whentostartmanufacturingandhowmanyfinishedgoodsshouldbetransferredorheldineachmarket.●InventoryInventoryreferstostocksofgoodsthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.Theinventoryrequirementsofafirmaredirectlylinkedtothefacilitynetworkandthedesiredlevelofcustomerservice.Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.Theobjectiveininventorystrategyistoachievedesiredcustomerservicewiththeminimuminventorycommitment.●TransportationTransportationistheoperationalareaoflogisticsthatgeographicallymovesandpositionsinventory.Itisaveryimportantpartofthelogisticssystem.Itmainlyinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.Commonly,transportationisthemostcostlylogisticsactivity,andrangefrom40%~60%ofafirm’stotallogisticscost.●StorageStorageinvolvestwoseparatebutrelatedactivities:inventorymanagementandwarehousing.Inventoryservesasbuffersbetweensupplyanddemandsothatneededproductavailabilitymaybemaintainedforcustomerswhileprovidingflexibilityforproductionandlogisticstoseekmoreefficientmethodsformanufacturinganddistributingtheproducts.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.●PackagingPackagingfocusesonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedorstored.Thetypeoftransportationandstorageaffectspackagingrequirements.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.●MaterialsHandingMaterialshandingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.plant,warehouse).Logisticsmanagersareconcernedwiththemovementofgoodsintoawarehouse,theplacementofgoodsinawarehouse,aswellasthemovementofgoodsfromstoragetoorder-pickingareasandeventuallytodockareasfortransportationoutofthewarehousetoreducethecost.●InformationManagementInformationisthekeytothesuccessoflogisticsbecauseitcanlinkallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.Suchas:theirinternallogisticsinformationsystem,theirsuppliers,customersandpartnersetc.●ProcurementProcurementisconcernedwithpurchasingandarranginginboundmovementofmaterials,partsand/orfinishedinventoryfromsupplierstomanufacturingorassemblyplants,warehousesorretailstores.Sincetheseinputcanhavedirectimpactonboththecostqualityofthefinalproduct/serviceofferedtothecustomer,thisactivityisimportanttotheoverallsuccessofthelogisticseffort.●ProductionPlanningTheprimarylogisticalresponsibilityinproductionplanningistoparticipateinformulatingamasterproductionscheduleandtoarrangeforitsimplementationbytimelyavailabilityofmaterials,componentpartsandwork-inprocessinventory.Thustheoverallconcernofmanufacturingsupportisnothowproductionoccursbutratherwhat,when,andwhereproductswillbemanufactured.Thus,productionplanningisatthecenteroftheentirelogisticsprocess.Yetitisoftenviewedasastand-aloneentitywithitsownobjectiveandagenda.●CustomerserviceCustomerserviceisacomplextopicandonethatconcernsotherfunctionalcompanyareas.Decisionaboutinventory,transportation,andwarehousingrelatetocustomerservicerequirements.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethatrightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.●OrderfulfillmentOrderfulfillmentisthefinalkeyactivity.Itscostsusuallyareminorcomparedtotransportationorinventorymaintenancecosts.Nevertheless,orderfulfillmentisanimportantelementofthetotaltimethatittakesaCustomertoreceivegoodsorservice.Itisalsotheactivitythattriggersproductmovementandservicedelivery. ExcercisesI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.Whatisthedefinitionoflogistics?Reference:Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,ofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.I.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.2.Whatkindoflogisticsactivitiesmaycostmostinacompany?Reference:Commonly,transportationisthemostcostlylogisticsactivity,andrangefrom40%~60%ofafirm’stotallogisticscost.I.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.3.Whatdoesasuccessfullogisticssystemcontain?Reference:Infact,inthecontemporarybusinessenvironment,asuccessfullogisticssystemnotonlycontainstheflowofgoodsandservice,butalsocontainstheflowofrelatedinformation..I.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.4.Whatactivitiesdostorageinvolves?Reference:Storageinvolvestwoseparatebutrelatedactivities:inventorymanagementandwarehousing.I.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.5.Whatarethemainactivitiesoflogisticssystem?Reference:Themainactivitiesaredemandforecasting,inventory,transportation,storage,packaging,materialshanding,procurement,informationmanagement,etc.II.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.1.Consequently,thefastriseinbulkofforeigntouristsmayeventually______thedeclineoflocaltourism.2.Goodself-esteemisa_________forahappylife.3.Wecansupplyanyreasonablequantityofthis­­­­___________.leadtoprerequisitemerchandiseII.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.4.In1989,aboutayearafterwewentpublic,wehadahorribleproblemrelatedto___________management.5.Becauseofits_________,wecanmoldsoftwareintoanyformtodoalmostanything6.Thathappenedtomillionsofpeopletwoyearsago____________theworldfoodcrisis.inventoryflexibilityattheheightofII.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.7.Intheprocessofpracticeitisnot__________thisisbecauseIshouldimprovemyEnglishlevel.8.Thesecompaniesrepresentthe___________oftheAmericanspirit–thepromisethatanyonecansucceedinthiscountryifyouhaveagoodideaandthedeterminationtoseeitthrough.essenceprominentII.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords.9.Ofcoursetherearelotsofwayswecan__________thecycle,butthisisasimpleone,andthesearestepsthatwe'reallfamiliarwithatthispoint.10.Ifaquestionasksyoutotakeapositiononsomeissue,tryto___________amorenuancedanswer.formulateexecuteIII.translatethesesentencesintoEnglish.1.物流涉及采购，仓储，运输，配送等多种功能。Reference:Logisticscoversmanyfunctions,suchaspurchasing,inventorymanagement,transportationanddistribution.2.企业在物流方面所做出的任何改进，其结果都会在一定程度上节约业务成本Reference:Allproducts-orientedbusinesshavelogisticsasacostofdoingbusiness.III.translatethesesentencesintoEnglish.3.物流有时候被描述成是实现“六个正确”的艺术。Reference:Logisticsissometimesdescribedastheartofachievingthe“sixrights”III.translatethesesentencesintoEnglish.4.所有以产品为导向的买卖都把物流当成做生意的一项成本。Reference:Anyimprovementinlogisticsyoumakeresultsinsavingyourcostofdoingbusinessbyacertainpercentage.5.存储包含两个独立但相关的活动:库存管理和仓储。Reference:Storageinvolvestwoseparatebutrelatedactivities:inventorymanagementandwarehousing.IV.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.1.Infact,inthecontemporarybusinessenvironment,asuccessfullogisticssystemnotonlycontainstheflowofgoodsandservice,butalsocontainstheflowofrelatedinformation.Reference:事实上，在当前商务环境中，一个成功的物流体不仅仅包含商品和服务的流通，还有相关信息的流通。IV.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.2.Animportantcharacteristicofanyproductisitsavailabilityattheplacewhereacustomerwishestoconsumeit.Reference:任何产品的一个重要特征就是在顾客需要它时就能买到它。IV.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.3.Theoverallgoaloflogisticsistoachieveatargetedlevelofcustomerserviceatthelowestpossibletotalcost.Reference:物流整体目标是以最低的成本取得预期的顾客服务的水平。IV.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.4.Excessiveinventorywillultimatelyresultinhigherthannecessarytotallogisticscost.Reference:过多的存货将最终导致物流总成本超支。IV.TranslatethesesentencesintoChinese.5.Logisticshasreceivedmoreandmoreattentionformdifferentsectorsofthesociety.Reference:物流正受到社会各界越来越多的重视。