HOW_TO_WRITE_A_SUMMARY怎样写一个英语总结

HOWTOWRITEASUMMARYWhatisasummary? Ashortenedversionofthetext Mainpointsofthetext WritteninyourownwordsAsummaryisabriefaccountofthemainpointsofanarticleinyourownwords.Question:Whatshouldbepaidattentiontotowriteagoodsummaryofanarticle? Canwemainlyuseourownwordsorthesentencesintheoriginalpassage? Canwejudgethewritingstyle?3.Canwewriteitinthefirstpersonorthethirdperson?4.Canweexpressouropinion?Discussionunderstandingtopicsentenceskeywordssetsentencepatternssummarize/rewritethewritingstylethe3rdperson3StylesofPassages Styles（体裁） Functions（功能） Narration(记叙文) describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughts Argumentation(议论文) showthewriter’spointofview Exposition(说明文) introducesomething,eg.aphenomenonTask1:Howtofindthekeysentencesorkeywords?抓住who,whathappened,及thewriter’spurpose通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句 体裁 关键句 记叙文 议论文 说明文Task2:Recognizethestylesof3givenpassagesandfindoutthekeysentencesorkeywordsofeachpassage.TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；(3)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。 完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2.机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3.稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4.创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分；5.结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4至5分。2007年广东高考概括部分评分细则Task3：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.(1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同义替换法Ididn’tcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient. Ididn’tcatchanyfish_________Iwasnotpatient.because(2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.Youwill____________.notsucceed(3)Changethepartofspeech词性转换法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_____________________.ofgreatimportance(4)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise. Childrenshould__________morepraise.begiven简单句变复合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_______willhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.Theywillachievemoresuccess.When_________________,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.whichgivenmorepraise(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,however,then,thus,yet,for,therefore,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren__________scoldingthem.insteadof(6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience. ________was___________________.Patiencethesecretofsuccess(7)Omitthedetails细节省略法Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead. ——————————————— Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasentence句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular. ___________________________ ___________________________MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(记叙文概要)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(议论文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(说明文概要模板)(1)记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus…（主）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.作者经历类：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which……他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb’sexperienceofdoingsth…..(2)议论文概要模板 Thearticlegivestheviewthat…should/shouldn’t…（主题）.…..（补充论据）. Thepassagehighlights(强调)theimportanceofsth….. Theauthorarguesthat…(3)说明文概要模板 现象揭示类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-----…（主题),which…..（补充解释）. 利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…Thepassagediscussestheimpact(影响)ofsth.Onthepositiveside…,butitmayalso…. 研究显示类：Thestudyreveals(揭露)that…Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…Task4:WriteasummaryPassage1关键词、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience. __________had____________________with__________who_________________.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson词序变化法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)连词成句Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式变化法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus…（主题）byshowingusanexampleof…,who/which…（故事情节）.ReferenceKeyforPassage1:Thewritertellsuspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)注意Passage2:关键句 Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead. 细节省略法Don’tscoldandgivepraiseinstead.词序变化法、连词衔接法Givepraiseinsteadofscolding.词性变换法Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.句意理解法同义替换法词性转换法细节省略法(1)Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.Thearticlegivestheviewthatwheneducatingchildren,parentsshouldpraiseandencouragetheminsteadofscolding,whichwillhelpchildrentomakeprogressandsucceed.注意Passage3:关键词、句(1)Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.(2)ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.(3)PeoplecanshopforavarietyofthingsontheInternet.(4)commonproducts,informationproducts,servicesReferenceKeyforPassage3:Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon----Internetshopping,whichoffersgreatconvenience.PeoplecanbuymanythingsontheInternetincludingcommonproducts,informationproductsandevenservices.(30words)注意事项：“五定三忌”定体裁；定主题；定时态；定人称；定技巧忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌不符字数。