2011年3月5日专八 (TEM8) 真题+答案+听力材料[完整版]

2011年3月5日专八 (TEM8) 真题+答案+听力材料[完整版] 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011) -GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to our notes. Classifications of Cultures According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I. High-context culture A. feature —context: more important than the message —meaning (1) ________________ i.e. more attention paid to (2) ________ than to the message itself B. examples —personal space preference for (3) ___________ less respect for privacy/personal space attention to (4) ________ concept of time —belief in (5) _________ interpretation of time —no concern for punctuality —no control overtime II. Low-context culture A. feature —message: separate from context —meaning (6) __________ B. examples personal space — —desire/respect for individuality/privacy —less attention to body language —more concern for (7) ________ —attitude toward time —concept of time: (8) ___________ —dislike of (9) _____________ —time seen as commodity III. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions —relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. —(10) ___________ in successful communication SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview. 1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age? A.Differences between two languages. B.Dealing capacity to learn syntax. C. Lack of time available. D. Absence of motivation. 2. What does the example of Czech speakers show? A. It‘s natural for language learners to make errors. B. Differences between languages cause difficulty. C. There exist differences between English and Czech. D. Difficulty stems from either differences or similarity. 3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking? A. The traditional method. B. The audiolingual method. C. The immersion method. D. The direct method. 4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process? A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis. B. The comprehensible input hypothesis. C. The monitor hypothesis. D. The active filter hypothesis. 5. Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview? A. Causes of language learning difficulties. B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language. C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning. D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Greyhound is Britain's largest bus and train operator. B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited. C. The coach starts from London every hour. D. Passengers are offered a variety of services. Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece? A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital. B. Fires near the capital caused casualties. C. Fires near the capital were the biggest. D. Fires near the capital were soon under control. 8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires? A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes. B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighter. C. Air operations and water drops continued overnight. D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation. Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy? A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy. C. Decline in tourism. D. Decline in tax revenues. 10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _______ A. declining oil production. B. the outbreak of the H1N1 flu. C. the declining GDP in Mexico. D. the economic downturn in the U.S. PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT A Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman's home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, odes not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill0lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too – at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun. The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking , as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. ,Hearth and home' makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One's home is one's town or village, and one's health is the sunshine. Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate – in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally – we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines. Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air – in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interest, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society. To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm's reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. One's successes are seen and recognized; one' failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behavior, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection. 11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians? A. The family structure. B. Religious belief. C. The climate D. Eating habit. 12. The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that _______ A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones. B. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms. C. English working-class homes waste a lot of space. D. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar. 13. We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _______ A. modern. B. luxurious. C. stark. D. simple. 14. There is a much stronger sense of ________ among the Gibraltarians. A. togetherness B. survival C. identity D. leisure 15. According to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be will-behaved because of the following EXCEPT ________. A. the entirety of the state structure. B. constant pressure from the state. C. the small size of the town. D. transparency of occurrences. TEXT B For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the ―paperless‖ office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Today's office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before. But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales – despite a healthy economic scene. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. ―Old habits are hard to break.‖ says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. ―There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn't work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.‖ In the early to mid-'90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. ―We're finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace.‖ says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. ―More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.‖ In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers – the primary driver of office paper consumption – for the shift in paper usage. The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of ―filing‖ is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of today's data may never leave its original digital format. The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. ―All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking,?We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,'― he says. ―They had never asked, they'd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.‖ To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against ―paperlessness,‖ argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, ―The Electronic Pinata (彩罐),‖ he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper. The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,‖ Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust ―is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger – and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all.‖ In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing – with its promise of fewer in-person meetings – boosting business travel. ―That's one of the great ironies of the information age,‖ Saffo says. ―It's just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.‖ 16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve? A. It further explains high-tech hubris. B. It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris. C. It offers a cause for high-tech hubris. D. It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris. 17. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales? A. Workforce with better computer skills. B. Slow growth of the US economy. C. Changing patterns in paper use. D. Changing employment trends. 18. The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature _______. A. integrated use of paper and digital form. B. a shift from paper to digital form. C. the use of computer screen. D. a new style of writing. 19. What does the author mean by ―irony of the information age‖? A. The dream of the ―paperless‖ office will be realized. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings. C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use. D. Some people are opposed to video-conferencing. 20. What is the author's attitude towards ―paperlessness‖? A. He reviews the situation from different perspectives. B. He agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage. C. He has a preference for digital innovations. D. He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age. TEXT C When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was ―the most class-ridden country under the sun‖, he was only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there. By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class – both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into. What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth. Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading. A survey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work has blurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones. Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class others belong to. In addition to changes in the labour market, two other things have smudged the borders on the class map. First, since 1945 Britain has received large numbers of immigrants who do not fit easily into existing notions of class and may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s, multiplying this effect. Second, barriers to fame have been lowered, Britain's fast-growing ranks of celebrities – like David Beckham and his wife Victoria – form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited enough to meet the requests of television producers. This too has made definitions more complicated. But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that which their jobs or income would suggest. This often entails pretending to be more humble than is actually the case: 22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian survey found that one in ten adults who call themselves working class are among the richest asset-owners, and that over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be grander than income and occupation suggest is rarer, though it happens too. If class no longer describes a clear social, economic or even political status, is it worth paying any attention to? Possibly, yes. It is still in most cases closely correlated with educational attainment and career expectations. 21. Why does the author say ―…Orwell was right, and continues to be‖ (Paragraph Two)? A. Because there was stronger class consciousness in India. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 B. Because more people hoped to end up in a higher class. C. Because people expect to gain more wealth than their parents. D. Because Britons are still conscious of their class status. 22. ―…class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth‖ (Paragraph Three) means that____. A. class is still defined by its own habits and attitudes. B. class would refer to something more subtle than money. C. people from different classes may have the same habits or attitudes. D. income is unimportant in determining which class one belongs to. 23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. White-collar workers would place themselves in a different class. B. People with different jobs may place themselves in the same class. C. Occupation and class are no longer related with each other. D. Changes in the workforce have made it difficult to define class. 24. Which of the following is NOT a cause to blur class distinction? A. Notions of class by immigrants. B. Changing trends of employment. C. Fewer types of work. D. Easy access to fame. 25. When some successful white-collar workers choose to stay in the working class, it implies that they are _______. A. showing modesty. B. showing self-respect. C. expressing boastfulness. D. making an understatement. TEXT D The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice. A newly married pair had boarded this coach at San Antonio. The man's face was reddened from many days in the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber's shop. The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive and shy. The bride was not pretty, nor was she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puff sleeves, very stiff, and high. They embarrassed her. It was quite apparent that she had cooked, and that she expected to cook, dutifully. The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were strange to see upon this plain, under-class countenance, which was drawn in placid, almost emotionless lines. They were evidently very happy. ―Ever been in a parlor-car before?‖ he asked, smiling with delight. ―No.‖ she answered: ―I never was. It's fine, ain't it?‖ ―Great! And then after a while we'll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world. Charge a dollar.‖ ―Oh, do they?‖ cried the bride. ―Change a dollar? Why, that's too much – for us – ain't it, Jack?‖ ―Nor this trip, anyhow.‖ he answered bravely. ―We're going to go the whole thing.‖ Later he explained to her about the trains. ―You see, it's a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other' and this runs right across it, and never stops but four times.‖ He had the pride of an owner. He pointed out to her the dazzling fittings of the coach; and in truth her eyes opened wider and she contemplated the sea-green figured velvet, the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. At one end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were frescos in olive and silver. To the minds of the pair, their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in San Antonio; this was the environment of their new estate; and the man's face in particular beamed with an elation that made him appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that they were being bullied. He subtly used all the manners of the most unconquerable kind of snobbery. He oppressed them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of travelers covered 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something infinitely humorous in their situation. ―We are due in Yellow Sky at 3:42.‖ he said, looking tenderly into her eyes. ―Oh, are we?‖ she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (现出) surprise at her husband's statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before her, and stared at it with a frown of attention, the new husband's face shone. ―I bought it in San Anton' from a friend of mine,‖ he told her gleefully. ―It's seventeen minutes past twelve.‖ she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调情;卖俏). A passenger, nothing this play, grew excessively sardonic, and winked at himself in one of the numerous mirrors. At last they went to the dining-car. Two rows of Negro waiters, in glowing white suits, surveyed their entrance with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a fatherly pilot, his countenance radiant with benevolence. The patronage, entwined with the ordinary deference, was not plain to them. And yet, as they returned to their coach, they showed in their faces a sense of escape. 26. The description of the couple's clothes and behaviour at the beginning of the passage seems to indicate that they had a sense of _______. A. secrecy. B. elation. C. superiority. D. awkwardness. 27. Which of the following adjectives best depicts the interior of the coach? A. Modern. B. Luxurious. C. Practical. D. Complex. 28. Which of the following best describes the attitude of other people on the train to couple? A. They regarded the couple as an object of fun. B. They expressed indifference towards the couple. C. They were very curious about the couple. D. They showed friendliness towards the couple. 29. Which of the following contains a metaphor? A. … like a man waiting in a barber's shop. B. … his countenance radiant with benevolence. C. … sweeping over the horizon, a precipice. D. … as darkly brilliant as the surface of a pool of oil. 30. We can infer from the last paragraph that in the dining-car A. the waiters were snobbish. B. the couple felt ill at ease. C. the service was satisfactory. D. the couple enjoyed their dinner. PART ? GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN) There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet. 31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ________. A. Northern Ireland. B. Scotland. C. England. D. Wales. 32. It is generally agreed that ________ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores. A. the French B. the Germans C. the British D. the Dutch 33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? A. Canada. B. New Zealand. C. Great Britain. D. The United States of America. 34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? A. Thomas Jefferson. B. Thomas Paine. C. John Adams. D. Benjamin Franklin. 35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ________ in the 20 -century England. A. poet B. biographer C. playwright D. novelist 36. _____ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history. A. Ballad. B. Romance. C. Epic. D. Elegy. 37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20 century? A. The Great Gatsby. B. The Sun Also Rises. C. The Sound and the Fury. D. Beyond the Horizon. 38. ________ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. A. Semantics. B. Pragmatics. C. Cognitive linguistics D. Sociolinguistics 39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ________. A. absence of obstruction. B. presence of obstruction. C. manner of articulation. D. Place of articulation. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 40. The definition ―the act of using, or promoting the use of, several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers‖ refers to ________. A. Pidgin. B. Creole. C. Multilingualism. D. Bilingualism. PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved You should proof, read the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank pro-vided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)________ it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)________ them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)________ From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grewI should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty- (1)_______ four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the consciousness that I (2)_______ was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle (3)_______ down and write books. I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, (4)_______ and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which (5)_______ made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and (6)_______ I think from the very start my literaryambitions were mixed up with the (7)_______ feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created (8)_______ a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in (9)_______ everyday life. Nevertheless the volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended (10)______ — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的 是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你却别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现 实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是‖休闲着‖还是‖匆 忙着‖。譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工 作方面出了麻烦—现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容—搞得人一下子兴趣 全无，接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。 SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. When flying over Nepal, it's easy to soar in your imagination and pretend you're tiny – a butterfly –and drifting above one of those three-dimensional topographical maps architects use, the circling contour lines replaced by the terraced rice paddies that surround each high ridge. Nepal is a small country, and from the windows of our plane floating eastward at 12,000 feet, one can see clearly the brilliant white mirage of the high Himalayas thirty miles off the left window. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 Out the right window, the view is of three or four high terraced ridges giving sudden way to the plains of India beyond. There were few roads visible below, most transportation in Nepal being by foot along ancient trails that connect and bind the country together. There is also a network of dirt airstrips, which was fortunate for me, as I had no time for the two-and-a-half week trek to my destination. I was on a flight to the local airport. PART VI WRITING (45 MIN) According to a recent newspaper report, many famous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peak travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate. What is your opinion? Should famous Chinese sites of historical interest charge higher fees during peak travel seasons? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. —THE END— 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案 Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture 1. and significance 2. the context\ what is doing 3. closeness to people 4. body language 5. polychronic 6. in itself 7. personal space 8. monochrome 9. lateness 10. multicultural situation SECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACB PART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACAC PART VI Proofreading & Error Correction 1. grew 后加 up 2. conscience 改成 consciousness 3. soon 改成 sooner 4. the 去掉 5. disagreeing 改成 disagreeable 6. imaginative 改成 imaginary 7. literal 改成 literary 8. in 去掉 9. which 前加 in 10. Therefore, 改成 Nevertheless Part V Translation—Section A Chinese To English Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are―at ease‖or―in a rush‖.For example, we‘re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind. Section B English to Chinese 飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。你很容易天马行空起来，假想自己很渺小----像只蝴蝶----在建筑 师所使用的某个三维地形图上方漂浮着，在这里，地形图一圈圈的轮廓线变成了环绕高耸的山 脊成阶梯状的稻田。 尼泊尔是个小国。我们的飞机在12000英尺的高空向东飞去。 从左边的机窗望去，你能清晰地看到30英里开外的高耸的喜马拉雅山的耀眼的白色蜃景。 靠右边的机窗外是三、四条成梯状的高耸山脊，再往远处突然之间成了印度平原。飞机下 面看不这几条公路。尼泊尔的交通方式以步行为主，人们沿着连接整个国家的古老小径行走着。 尼泊尔也有一个土筑的飞机场网络，这对我来说很幸运，因为我没时间长途跋涉两周半的时间 到达我的目的地。我在飞往当地机场的飞机上。 PART VI Writing Higher entry fees should be charged during peak travel season With social and economic development, our people have more time and money to visit famous sites of historical interest. Their visits, on the one hand, can enrich their own life and meanwhile bring the sites substantial incomes. On the other hand, too many visits, especially during peak travel peak when there are more visitors, have caused huge problems. One solution to this is to charge higher fees during peak travel seasons, which I think is necessary and I am in complete favor of this decision. As we all know, today there is no entrance fee charged for many parks in our country while almost all famous sites of historical interest still need an entry fee. Some people can not accept this for they think that both parks and famous sites of historical interest are part of public services. They should have free access to them or at least shouldn‘t pay too much for the visit since they have already paid taxes to the government. Then it is far impossible for those people to allow the sites to charge higher fees during peak travel seasons. On the surface, the arguments that people opposing to entry fees charged for famous sites of historical interest hold seem reasonable. But in fact, those people have ignored the unique features of famous sites of historical interest which normally imply ample historical and cultural values. Those sites differ from common parks. The relics in these sites are precious and fragile to destroy, and usually need special and professional preservation and administration, which turn out to be an expensive exercise that constantly demands resources. Entry fees must be charged. During peak travel seasons, there is no better measure than raising the entry fees to reduce the number of tourists. The purpose of charging higher fees is to stop some people‘ visits so as to better protect the valuable relics and at the same time ensure the safety of the tourists. It is obvious that some people will give up their 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 visits considering the higher fees. Here economic means are applied to conserve precious things at the sites of historical interest in an appropriate and sustainable way. In a word, due to the unique features of relics and the need of the sustainable protection of sites of historical interest, we must control the number of visitors, especially during the peak travel seasons when there are too many tourists, to diminish the impact of human activities on these sites to its lowest level. And charging higher fees during the peak travel seasons, an effective economic means of regulation will be of great importance. 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 2011专业八级(TEM8)听力原文 PART I: LISTENING COMPREHENSION—SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Classifications of cultures: Good morning everyone, today we‘ll look at culture or rather classifications of cultures. Usually when we deal with different people, we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it‘s possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world, regarding such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist who spent a large part of his life studying American Indians, their culture, their language, but he was different from a lot of other anthropologists who just study one culture. He was interested in the relations between cultures, how cultures interact, what Hall believes is that cultures can be classified by placing them on a continuing, ranging from what he called high-context to low-context. OK, what is a high-context culture? A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message or the action or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance. What this means is that in a high-context culture more attention is paid to what‘s happening in and around the message than to the message itself. Now let me give you examples. First in terms of personal space, generally speaking in a high-context culture, because there‘s a greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sensory involvement or closeness to people. And they have less respect for privacy, for personal space. If you go into that culture, people might stand closer when they‘re talking to you. They might touch more and if they‘re justled in a crowd, they won‘t feel violated. And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language. Because remember what I said, the definition of a high-context culture is that more attention is paid to the context of the message than to the message itself. And part of the context is body language. Second in terms of time, people in high-context cultures are considered to have what is called a polychronic attitude toward time. Here ―poly‖ means multiple and ―chronic‖ means time. What this means is that they believe people, things, events have their own time and there can‘t be a standard system of time for everything. What this leads them to believe is that you can‘t emphasize punctuality. Things happen when they are supposed to happen. So there‘s a different attitude toward time. There is no set standard of time. You can‘t control time. Everything has its own sense of time. So it‘s a culture that pays little attention to time, to clock time. Now, let‘s move on to low-context culture. A lower context culture is just the opposite. A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context. That the message, the event, the action has meaning in itself. So what this means in a low-context culture is that people pay more attention to the event itself rather than to the context which surrounds the event or the message. For example, in terms of personal space again. There‘s more emphasis on individuality, so the concept of privacy is very very important whereas before as I said in a high-context culture they might not even be concerned with privacy or personal space. But in a low-context culture, there‘s a feeling that we each have our own personal space. If you get too close, if you don‘t knock on doors before entering, that‘s an invasion of privacy; people feel violated. There‘s a respect and desire for privacy, and you also see that people might pay less attention to body language because as I said the message is, the message is everything. They are not going to worry about all the details around it. What you say is the important thing or what you do is the important thing. Another example of a low-context culture is people‘s attitude towards time. In terms of time, I said before there was a polychronic sense of time in a high-context culture. What do you think there would be in a low-context culture? Monochronic! Right! A monochronic sense of time and by that we mean that there is one time. And that concept means that people in a low-context culture believe that there‘s one standard of time and that should be for everything. And so I‘m not willing to hear ―Oh, the traffic was heavy. That‘s why I am late. ‖ or ―Oh, I slept late.‖ People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness because they feel that everyone should follow the same time; there shouldn‘t be all this flexibility with time and they expect punctuality. And they look at time as almost a commodity that they use expressions like ―use time‖, ―to waste time‖, ―to spend time‖ or ―time is money‖. All of these expressions reinforce the concept that time is actually something you can hold onto. So what this is all about is that Hall expresses that people need to be aware of these different consumptions or concepts about reality. And he thinks that this has all kinds of relevance no matter what you‘re doing, if you‘re in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations. If you‘re dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it‘s going to affect every part of your life. In any multicultural situation, these assumptions 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 need to be taken into account for successful interactions. Ok, today, we‘ll take a brief look at Edward Hall‘s view of culture, mainly his classification of high or low context culture with some examples. Next week, we‘ll look at some more examples of cultures on the continuing between high-context and low-context cultures. SECTION B INTERVIEW I: Interviewer H: Dr. Harley I: Good morning, Dr. Harley. Thank you verymuch for coming on our radio talk. We know that you are an applied linguist specializing in second language acquisition. H: Right. I: So, today. Urmm…we‘ll look at this issue.Now, first Dr. Harley. Could you please tell us what is second language acquisition? H: Well, second language acquisition is ―happenswhen a child or adult has already become competent at a language. Then, urmm…theyattempt to learn another.‖ I: Ok, most people think, including me, itis difficult to learn another language. What are the reasons? Why is it so? H: Well, there are a number of reasons forthis. Urmm…first, there have been research studies. They have shown that some aspectsof language learning especially syntax are more difficult beyond a certain age,say after around 12 years of age. I: So, age plays an important role inlanguage learning? H: Yes. But that‘s not the only reason. I: Oh, is that so? H: Yes. For example, time and interest. Oldchildren and adults often have less time and motivation to learn a secondlanguage. I: Mm… H: Another reason related to thesimilarities and differences between one‘s other tongue and a second language. Wefind that learners will experience difficulty when their mother tongue and the second language they are learning differ. In general, the more idiom syncretic feature is in a particular language relativeto other languages, the more difficult it will be to acquire. I: Perhaps this is the key issue. Differencesbetween languages cause language learning problems. H: Well, this may be one of the issues here,but this cannot be the whole story, as not all differences between languagescause difficulty. Let me give you an example. I: OK. H: Research has found that many heirs by Czech speakers learning English were made on syntactic constructions inwhich the two languages do not differ. I: Oh, really. The picture is morecomplicated than we‘ve imaged. H: Definitely yes. Each language learningsituation is different. So reasons vary a lot from case to case. I: Now, Dr. Harley. Since learning a secondlanguage is a difficult process, you know, in one way or another. Are there anymethods so far if they give methods to teach a second language? H: There again. No method is absolutelyeffective in all situations. Some may prove effective, others may not. I mean,all depending on specific conditions. But generally speaking, there are a numberof methods that have been used to teach a second language. I: Could you mention a few? H: For instance, there is the traditionalmethod. This method is based on translation from one language to another andemphasizes grammar teaching. I: Mm… H: And then you have direct method, which focuseson conversational skills and all teaching must be carried out in the secondlanguage. I: Oh, I see. Any other methods? H: Yes. For example, the audiolingual method.This method emphasizes speaking and listening before reading and writing. I: How interesting! H: Then you have the immersion method. Thismethod teaches learners exclusively through the medium of the second language. I: How? H: Well, it simply means that you can notspeak mother tongue. Everything must be done in the 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 language you are learning. Tome, the most natural method of learning a new language is what I call submersion.That is, to go to that country and be surrounded exclusively by speakers ofthat language. I: Thank you very much, Dr. Harley, forintroducing some of the language teaching methods. Now let‘s move on to somethinga bit theoretical. Since second language acquisition and teaching are fascinatingarea for researchers, are there any theories to explain second language acquisition. H: Yes, many theories and models have beenput forward by researchers so far. Today, I‘d like to mention the five hypothesesproposed by Stephen Krashen. I: OK. H: The five hypotheses, or what he calls, themonitor model of second language learning. I: What does it mean? H: OK. The first hypothesis is the acquisitionand learning distinction hypothesis. According to Krashen, children acquire theirfirst language largely unconsciously and automatical, but adults could only learna second language consciously and effortfully. And adults could indeed acquire thesecond language, at least in part. I: Right. Then what‘s his second hypothesis? H: His second hypothesis is the natural orderin acquisition hypothesis. Basically, he means that the ordering which learnersacquire syntactic rules is the same in both languages. I: Oh, that‘s something really new to me. H: The third hypothesis is the monitor hypothesis,which is central to his theory. Here again, we come across the distinctionbetween acquisition and learning. According to this hypothesis, the acquisitionprocesses create sentences in the second language, right? But learning enablesthe development of a monitoring process to check and edit this. The monitor uses knowledge ofthe rules. That‘s why, as I said just now, learning is a conscious process. I: This mean, in learning, you useknowledge of the language to make sure what you say or write is correct. Isthat so? H: Yes. His fourth hypothesis is thecomprehensible input hypothesis. In order to move from one stage to the next, thelearner must understand the meaning and the form of the input. This emphasizesthe role comprehension. And finally, the active filter hypothesis. Thissuggests attitude and emotional factors are also important in second languageacquisition. I: I guess Krashen‘s model has provided auseful framework for second language learning. H: Yes, it indeed has and it has also provedto be one of the most influential theoretical approaches to teaching a secondlanguage. I: OK, Dr. Harley. Thank you once again fortalking to us about second language acquisition. H: Pleasure. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 1. The 95-year-old iconic American brand Greyhound is taking to theBritish roads. FirstGroup, Britain's largest bus and train operator, and ownerof the Greyhound coach brand in the U.S., said the buses would start runningfrom London, Victoria, to Portsmouth and Southampton on September 14. Ticketswill cost as little as a ,1, with the average journey costing,7. It plans toroll out more routes next year. The hourly bus service will take just under twohours non-stop and will offer free Wi-Fi, power sockets for each passenger, airconditioning, complimentary newspapers and leather seats. 2. Greek firefighters planned to continue to work through the night tocontain dozens of wildfires, including a massive blaze outside Athens,authority said. Greek Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis called for calm onSaturday and said ground forces "will continue their superhumanefforts" until dawn, when air operations and water drops will resume. Authoritiesreported 75 fires across the country. The fires began late Friday inGrammatiko, 40 kilometers(25 miles) northeast of the capital. Wind whipped asingle blaze into three fires, which joined again Saturday. No injuries werereported. Authorities mobilized units from the navy, air force and marines toassist the firefighters in Grammatiko, the state fire department said."The fire is particularly complex given the weather, the large quantity offuel, the terrain and the proximity of residential areas," a statementfrom the fire department said. The cause of the original fire, which belchedclouds of heavy dark smoke, was unknown, and officials were investigating.Forest and brush fires are common during Greece's hot, dry summers. Sixfirefighting aircraft were helping firefighters, according to the Athens NewsAgency. 3. The Mexican economy went off a cliff in the second three months of2009, with the gross domestic product dropping 10.3 percent from the sameperiod last year, according to government figures. Analysts say the main causeof Mexico's nosedive is that the nation's economy is tied strongly to that ofthe United States, which is mired in the deepest economic downturn since the1930s. Other factors 2011年专业八级(TEM8)真题+答案+听力原文[完整打印版] ants05 dragging the Mexican economy down include a tourismdecline caused by the H1N1 flu outbreak, declining oil and tax revenues, andfewer Mexicans abroad sending money back home. Oil revenues, long Mexico's mainsource of money, are being hurt by lower global prices and decliningproduction. Remittances from Mexicans working abroad, most of them in theUnited States, also have fallen victim to the economic downturn. Fewer jobs inthe United States means fewer opportunities for Mexicans to find work and sendmoney home. Remittances rank after oil in terms of revenue for the country. Thatrevenue fell from $26 billion in 2007 to $25 billion in 2008, Mexico's CentralBank said, and is expected to decrease even more this year. Tourism, Mexico's third-largestsource of revenue, has declined steadily since an outbreak of the H1N1 flu wasfirst discovered in Mexico in April. (*注意:以上均源自网络，如有错漏，欢迎指正～*)