英语长难句分析

1. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place. (200 2. 12. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】有许多群体和民族曾因为某些悲剧性事件失去了他们宝贵的,例如1921年发生在美国内战期间爱尔兰法庭的那场大火,又例如美国奴隶,他们的记录从一开始就未能得到保存。 【析句】复合句。主句是there be结构,There are many communities and populations,紧随其后,which have lost precious records...为定语从句修饰many communities and populations。而定语从句中,due to介词短语作原因状语,在such as引出的第二个例子后又有定语从句for whom many records were never kept...。 2. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. (2002. 12. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】一旦数据库获得足够多的样本代世界基因组成,那最终会帮助解决许多与谱系相关的问,而这些问题往往不能依赖传统的面记录得到解决。 【析句】本例句是从句-主句+从句的结构。首先,句首是once引导的原因状语从句,中间是主句it will help in solving many issues regarding genealogies,最后是that 引导的定语从句修饰genealogies。写英语作文时,可参照这种句型,根据句子之间的逻辑关系,写出更地道的英语句子。 3. “For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome),” explains Ugo A. Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team. (2002.12.阅读.Text 4) 【译文】杨百翰大学分子谱系研究小组成员Ugo A·Perego解释道,“例如,如果两个姓相同的人认为他们有亲戚关系却没有书面记录能够证明,我们可以通过收集两人的DNA样本并寻找共同的遗传标记来证明这种可能性(这种情况下,我们主要看Y染色体的异同)。【析句】本例句引用了某人所说的一段话,主句很容易判断,是Ugo Perego explains,这里将主句后置且倒装,为了突出说话的内容同时也是本句的重点。看一下引号内的部分,首先是if引导的条件状语从句,从句中主句two men sharing the same last name believe that...,sharing the same last name为现在分词作定语,believe后是that 引导的宾语从句,but连接与从句主句是转折关系的并列句;we can verify this possibility by collecting...and looking for...是主句,by+动名词作方式状语。 四月一日 1. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Face book because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth. (201 2. 6. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】即使他们知道Facebook的所作所为,他们仍然不清楚自己为使用Facebook所付出的代价,因为他们并不清楚个人信息的真正价值。 【析句】本例句是英语长句中的一种典型句型,即分句-主句-分句结构。句首是even if引导的让步状语从句,句中是主句they still have no idea what they are paying for, 主句中又包含what引导的宾语从句,句末是because引导的原因状语从句,know后也是what引导的宾语从句。 2. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. (2012. 12. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】他注意到,奇怪的是,本世纪以来,尽管科技不断进步,安全标准持续提高,在西方国家由于暴力和事故引起的死亡率一直没有变化。 【析句】本例句的句型是主句-从句(主句+各种从句)。先看主句he noticed that宾语从句,宾语从句中主句为mortality rates have remained static,despite为介词,不引导从句,意思是“不管、尽管、任凭”,后面可跟名词、动词ing或句子。但是despite 引导名词短语词组中,safety standards后是that引导的定语从句。 3. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. (2012. 12. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】杜克大学医学中心的科学家们对500人的性格进行了15年研究,并且发现性格多疑、缺乏信任的人比起阳光开朗的人更容易英年早逝。这个结果令他们惊讶不已。 【析句】本句的句型是主句(从句)-and-主句(从句)。and连个两个并列的主句,前句为Scientists made a 15-year study of 500 personalities,后句为found+that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句含有副词often的比较级。found后,somewhat to their surprise 作插入语修饰found。 4.2 1. This has been due, in part, to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each, with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade. (201 2. 阅读. Text 1)【译文】某种意义上说,这要归功于比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会向美国高中投资18亿美元,以帮助创办1000所小型学校,其中大部分学校仅收400名学生,每个年级平均只招收150人。 【析句】复合句。主句This has been due, in part to the Bill...Foundation, in part 作插入语,插在了短语due to中间。紧跟主句的是which引导的非限制性定语从句which has invested...schools。helping to open 1000 small schools为现在分词引导目的状语,且破折号后是对前句的进一步解释,most of them后带有两个with伴随状语。 2. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band. (2012. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】最引人注意的是这种现象:较大的城市和郊区高中已经分成几百个更小型的学校。这些学校通常位于统一场地,一度有上千名学生同时去往同一个乐队。 【析句】复合句。主句there is the phenmenon of...schools,that have split into...hundred作high schools的定语从句,housed in the same grounds为过去分词作定语,最后the same grounds后也有that引导的定语从句修饰。 3. We are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. (2012. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】我们都有着同样的追求,那就是学校通过鼓励学生在资质优秀的教师的指导下解决难题,更好地为我们的孩子和国家服务。 【析句】复合句。主句We are all seeking the same thing, 紧随其后的是which引导的非限制性定语从句which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects..., 具体来看,非限制性定语从句中,主句which is schools,that better serve...为定语从句修饰schools,by encouraging...为介词短语作方式状语。