当代研究生英语读写教程答案_上册

一,选择 1,This book (contains) all the information you need. 2,The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3,As a teacher you should not show (favor) towards any of your students. 4,Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection. 5,How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes? 6,We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning. 7,That matter can be left (over) until our next morning. 8,I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office. 9,It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on). 10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary. 11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing. 12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up. 13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses). 14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth. 15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around). 16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight. 17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years. 21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages. 22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students. 23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains. 24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate). 25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined). 28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool. 29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules. 30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages. 32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened. 33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works. 34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what…… 35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break. 36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines. 37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer. 38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom. 39, inhale (breathe in) 40, scent (fragrance) 41, beam (smile happily) 42, solid (heavy) 43, suspicious (unbelieving) 44, steady (regular) 45, accomplishment (success) 46, impressionable (easily noticeable) 47, The speaker was a long way (off the track). 48, The new government tried to (defuse) the growing discontent of the people. 49, The (catch) is how to grow rice in a dry area. 50, They were surprised to see the efficiency of the (well-oiled) military machine of ……51, He was (upset) to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team. 52, It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals (coincide) with what his parents ……53, If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs (break down). 54, If your car (conks out) on a turnpike, wait for assistance. 55, My pencil is (worn down) to a stump. 56, The waterfall has (worn) a hole in the stone. 57, Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from (falling apart). 58, His wife becomes more and more (preoccupied) with children. 59, Artificial light is not to be (compared with) daylight for general use. 60, To (retrieve) some data, one has to consult a computer. 61, When the car hit the wall, the (impact) broke the windscreen. 62, The problem is closely (involved with) the management of pastures. 63, If you travel by jet plane, Tokyo and Shanghai are (virtually) neighbors. 64, There is no (tangible) evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to……65, After 10 years’ efforts, the farmers have (turned) the waste land (into) paddy fields. 66, He traveled with some British doctors who took (short-term) jobs abroad. 67, Utter weariness (overtook) me one hour later. 68, Farmers will have a bumper harvest, (assuming) that the weather is favorable. 69, Stocks may (boom) today, but droop tomorrow. 70, The mountain peak is (dominant) on the horizon. 二,Vocabulary Unit1 In the past formerly Include embrace man-made artificial control systematically regulate exactly precisely undesired unwanted irrelevant extraneous having intense feeling passionate aim toward be targeted to not far away at hand be charged for be send for Unit3 Containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand intricate Nearly correct but not exactly approximately A sudden shaking of the Earth’s surface earthquake Having many different kinds of skills or abilities versatile Standing apart, separate as is to be alone isolated The opposite in position; the other way around reverse In addition to; also as well as Depending on each other; necessary to each other interdependent Increase in number by giving birth to offspring multiply Eat something in order to stay alive or subsist live on Destroy completely kill off Not in its exact or accurate position out of true Provide with proper or necessary skills, knowledge etc. quality (not) in any way (not) at all As a result from a natural impulse or tendency spontaneously Unit4 The meeting dragged on The party broke up We dropped by the club to see if Bill was there No matter what we talk about, Jim always drags in politics Britain has dropped behind Japan as a producer of cheap cotton fabrics Gradually his strength failed and he dropped behind in the race Scientists hope to break through Several friends dropped in A big fire broke out If you hadn’t broken in, The cold winter dragged on Why must you always drag this subject in Please drop by They dragged out The children seem to have been dragged up Several painters in the exhibition have broken with He tried to cope with the ever-increasing burden of his work, but finally he broke down He broke off It is difficult to break away Well, drop in Prime constantly intervals at arm’s length come off get over yield put into operation challenging resort to swarming with take in Unit5 Learn and discover (a fact that was hidden) find out A group of people living together by shared interests, religion, etc. community Change into something of different form or properties convert Have a clear meaning wake sense A state of very strong feeling, esp. of joy and happiness ecstasy Take the place of replace to some extent; somewhat more or less at the lowest estimate or figure at least not easily managed; hard to treat, relieve, or cure intractable understand; figure out the meaning of make out Unit7 Defeat (sb.)or deal successfully with(w difficulty) get the better of Uselessness; useless action or thing futility Moving or allowing movement in only one direction one-way Take away the courage or power to act unnerve Put back into order so as to be understood unscramble In a state of complete disorder and confusion; confused chaotic A state marked by lack of plan, order, or direction haphazardness Any tricky or concealed problem or drawback catch Smoke or other gases that pollute, combined with fog in an unhealthy or irritating mixture smog A pipelike wooden or metal musical instrument with finger holes flute Causing gloominess or a lowering of spirit depressing Nothing; zero nil Made or done aimlessly, without any plan random Cause great suffering of the mind or body distress An organization, a habit, custom, etc. , which has been in existence for a long time institution (cause to) gather together congregate Unit8 A rapid increase in sales, worth, profits, etc. boom The offspring of two animals or plants of different breeds, varieties, or species hybrid A person or group having administrative or supervisory authority in an organization or government executive Profit or gain, such as from work returns Aside from, except for apart from Not equal or matched; unique unparalleled Accomplish, cause bring about Ineffective or useless from the beginning stillborn The science of planning and directing military operations strategy Occurring after; succeeding subsequent Work out; understand by thinking figure out Delay doing, considering, etc., till a later time leave over 三,完形。 Unit1 even, as, that, won, annually, by, they, virtual, because, simply, across, still, exactly, concern, response, access, to, led, between, place Unit2viewed, almost, even, lower, means, reality become, like, grow, proving, status, afford, faced, necessarily, disciplined, longer, own, schedule, talking, until. Unit3 been, raise, spread out, dying of, began, caused, According to, up to, as, unusual, be linked to, of course, however, came into, ranging. Unit4 former, among, purpose, for, serves, strengthened, official, majority, heavily, similar, extends, through, limits, adds, familiar, ways, and, ability, as, means. Unit5 quantitatively, make up, at least, unlikely, even if, greater than, common-sense, turn out to be, increases, in the direction of, complains, the Theory of Relativity, close to, so far as, not only Unit6reading, knowledge, because, to, came, imagine, taken, gazed, with, when, Once, in, and, used, thinking, memory, that, no, truly, humour. Unit7 having to, means, without, yet, insists on, believing in, spends, to say, In a sense, while, implies, denies, hard, take up, was urged. Unit8 be depicted, marvel at, suffering, beneath, as, when, enjoy, Nearly, from, before, so long, have not respected, used, than, announcing. 四,翻译: 1、一种真正的市场型理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间,我们将能够检验并完善所需要的----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐 私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入,而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展(或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊,而发展成为几个分支)。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣,或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来,他们将渐渐委琐消亡。 2、一旦问得到理解,情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现,她们的丈 夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后,正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应,妻子仍然能够得到安慰,因为她知道,对男人来说,这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后,便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫,也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚,但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。 3、在地球形成的初期,上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。 4、在20亿到30亿年期间,一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下,形成了结构复杂的化合物,这些化合物灵活多变,足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。 5、整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式(正如我们自己的身体,既是由各种各样的有机部分构成,又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血 液中的无机水分所构成)。 6、同样,从全球的规模考虑,砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁,但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响,甚至会造成水的流失, 从而引起地质结构的细微变化。 7、如果排除外界的干扰,食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量,这样对双方都有好处。 8、目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境,正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。 9、新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语,但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造的 词,我们创造有多快,其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为,美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用,但毫无疑问,还有更深刻的原因。英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬,且过于矫揉造作。而美语的发展却像伊丽莎白一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法,现在依然在美国应用着,新词源源不断产生。如果莎翁健在,这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂,就像他所生活的时代产生的新词使他欣喜若狂一样。 10、科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点,寻求其间可能存在的规律,洞察事物时间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子,到生物有机体,人类社会群体,以至 整个宇宙。 11、世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质,这些尝试性的解释总是脱离实验,甚至没 有经过比较细心的比较观察。 12、要透彻的领悟一件事物,哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶,也会经历一种喜悦,这种喜悦,在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感 受到。 13、有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言,他们充满信心的宣称,每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知,或者说有些已经众所周知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼 修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画,在这些画中,人们对知识探索的热情已经减退,取而代之的是一种被征服怠惰,成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。 14、如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界,我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序点阵,呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠分子,这些点阵 精确的勾画出我们所占的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。 15、杰克正在想入非非时,瞥见绿灯亮了,他只顾开动汽车,盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人,以示再见。当他扭过头来,面对前方时,已经晚了一秒钟。他猛的 一下踩住刹车,调转方向,以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯,但还是轰然撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟,也许只会离这辆车很近,不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟,他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上,他好象没有把前面的车撞坏,而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠,那一撞却严重多了。 16、就在这同一天,我的车又坏了,电冰箱不制冷了,而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根需要镶补。 17、如果我们突然看到油漆又飞回旧楼房的墙面,我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳,我们准会开怀大笑,就象看一组倒 放的电影镜头那样。 18、在婚姻中很容易出现熵,当伴侣们过于忙自己的事,而忽视弥补小小裂痕时,几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂。 19、一个冰冷分子朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50%。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起,那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方向运动,同时所有热空气分 子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。 20、如果在厨房只有10几个空气分子,那么我等上一年左右,或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是,这一等式中的变量越多、参加这一游戏的 角色越多,他们的路径井然有序的相互吻合的可能性就越小。 21、第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件,他与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六、七十年代,圣何塞和旧金山的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司为计算机生产出 存储器硅芯片,于是便有了“硅谷”的名字。 22、财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件,就象文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类,以及用于管理业务和计算机网络自 身运行的“系统”软件。 23、但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命,与现在intel网上所发生的情况相比,其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前,在日内瓦CERN研究中心工 作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种,用于连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据,这些数据存在各地各种不同的计算机内。 24、E-Bay网点在线拍卖同样有利可图,因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受着重大的短期损失,证券市 场投资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”转为赢利。 25、尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的,但到目前为止,它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是由技术公司股组成的, 在今后10年中,其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。 1.This book contains all the information you need. 2.The government restricts the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3.As a teacher you should not show preference towards any of your students. 4.Traffic is regulated by police at every intersection. 5.How much do you charge for this pair of shoes. 6.We can leave off now and return to work in the morning. 7.That matter can be left alone until our next meeting. 8.I learned that he was on sick leave from a government office. 9.It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes on. 10.Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars of his salary. 1.All this ceremony is just for show ;it doesn’t mean a thing. 2. Bill is afraid to show his face since Tom threatens to beat him up. 3.She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will bring her to her senses. 4.The classroom is 30 feet in length and 20 feet in breadth.. 5.I’m leaving this job because I’m tired of being pushed around. 6.After the rain, the orchard seems to have burst into blossom overnight. 7.The two men stood glaring at each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 8.When you have any problems in your studies, you can always look to John for help. 1.Theodore Roosevelt was a versatile man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman, explorer, and author. 2.The small town has undergone many changes during last 10 years. 3.The old farmer survived his wife ,living until 105 years of age. 4.Poor eyesight is a handicap to many students. 5.The wheat crop will be decimated without strong spring rains. 6.The various parts of the essays do not adequately interrelate. 7.Hot weather multiplies the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 8.If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot retain his office. 9.We sent him an invitation but he declined. 10.The lifeguard pulled the inanimate body out of the pool. 1.If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must abide by its rules. 2.Even if you dislike ancient monuments,Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 3.The cities were to be deflated and the population distributed in villages. 4.He gave a distorted account of what has happened. 5.His speech fermented trouble among the workers. 6.The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder. 7.If you strain the elastic band any more, it will break. 8.The Egyptians inhabit an area equal to France and Spain combined. 9.He is by no means considered to be a great explorer. 10.It was a long time before scientists could penetrate the mystery of the atom. 1.The speaker was a long way off the track. 2.The new government tried to defuse the growing discontent of the people. 3.The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area. 4.They were surprised to see the efficiency of the well-oiled military machine of that country. 5.He was upset to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team. 6.It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals coincide with what his parents wish for him 7.If the body is robbed this way for too long ,vital organs break down. 8.If your car conks out on a turnpike, wait for assistance. 9.My pencil is worn down to a stump. 10.The waterfall has worn a hole in the stone. 11.Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from falling apart. 12.His wife becomes more and more preoccupied with children. 1.Artificial light is not to be compared with daylight for general use. 2.To retrieve some data, one has to consult a computer. 3.When the car hit the wall, the impact broke the windscreen. 4.The problem is closely involved with the management of pastures. 5.If you travel by jet plane ,Tokyo and Shanghai are virtually neighbors. 6.There is no tangible evidence that the diplomatic relations will be restored to normal between these two countries. 7.After 10 year’s efforts ,the farmers have turned the waste land into paddy fields. 8.He traveled with some British doctors who took short-term jobs abroad. 9.Utter weariness overtook me one hour later. 10.Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming that the weather is favorable. 11.Stocks may boom today, but droop tomorrow. 12.The mountains peak is dominant on the horizon. 1. 在信息空间,可能会发生的情况是形成新的群体,新群体的形成不像在地球上那样受到限制,产生冲突。我们不是要建立一个梦寐以 求、而又难以管理的全球村,而是要建立一个由各种独立的、不受外界影响的群体组成的世界,这些群体将投其成员所好,而又不干涉他人。一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间,我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入,而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加人。 能够自持的群体会兴旺发展(或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊,而发展成为几个分支)。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣,或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来,它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。 2. 一旦问题得到理解,情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每大发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会 高兴地发现,她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起服的谈话在女性关系中的地位后,正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应,妻子仍然能够得到安慰,因为她知道,对男人来说,这不是不亲密的表现:当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后,便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。 那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫,也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚,但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。 3. l.在地球形成的初期,上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。 2.在20亿到30亿年前期间,一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下,形成了结构复杂的化合物,这些化合物灵活多变,足以形成 我们称之为“生命”的东西。 3. 整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式(正如我们白己的身体,既是由各种各样的有机部分构成,又是 由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无机水分所构成)。 4. 同样,从全球的规模考虑,砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁,但是这样做会对该地区的生态形式造成严重的影响, 甚至会造成水的流失,从而引起地质结构的细微变化。 5. 如果排除外界的干扰,食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量,这样对双方都有好处 6. 目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会摧毁生态环境,正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的 肌体一样。 4.新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都以无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语,但现在很少这样做。 但英语却吸纳我们创造的词,我们创造有多快,其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。我认为,美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用.但毫无疑问,还有更深刻的原因。在18世纪,英语遭到严格控制,从此就几乎没有从控制中解脱出来。英语仍然有点太严格、有点僵硬,且过于矫揉造作。但美语逃脱了那场严格控制,免受此后学校教师清规戒律的影响,因此美语的发展像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法,现在依然在美国应用着,新词源源不断地产生。如果莎翁健在,这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂,就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样。 5. 1. 科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点,寻求其间可能存在的规律,洞察事物之间的联系——从构成一切物质的亚核粒子,到生物有机 体,人类社会群体,以至整个宇宙。 2 .世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎都带有“就这么回事”的性质,这些尝试性的解 释总是脱离实验,甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。 3. 要透彻地领悟一件事物,哪怕是一件很小的东西——比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶,也会经历一种喜悦,这种喜悦,在整个世界的所 有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。 4. 有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言,他们充满信心地宣称,每一件值得弄清的事物都会很快为大家所知,或者说有些已经众所周 知。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画,在这些画中,人们对知识探索的热情已经减退,取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰,成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。 5. 如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界,我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点阵,呈一种有规律的交替结构——钠原子、氯原 子、氯化钠原子,这些点阵精确地勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原于层的示意图。 6. 杰克正想入非非时,瞥见绿灯亮了,他只顾开动汽车,盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人,以示再见。当他扭过头来,面对前方时,已经 晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车,调转方向,以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯,但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟,也许只会离这辆车很近,不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟,他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上,他好像没有把前面的车幢坏,而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠,那一撞却严重多了。 7. 1. 就在这同一天,我的车又坏了,电冰箱不制冷了,而且我还得知我的右后臼齿牙根需要镶补。 2 .如果我们突然看到油漆又飞回旧楼房的墙面,我们准会感到有问题。如果我们看到一个鸡蛋自己拼凑在一起又跳回蛋壳,我们准会 开怀大笑,就像看一组倒放的电影镜头那样。 3. 在婚姻中很容易出现墒,当伴侣们过于忙于自己的事而忽视了弥补小小裂痕时,几乎可以肯定他们的婚姻要破裂; 4. 一个冰冷分子朝背离冰箱方向运动的概率也是50%。但是如果数十亿个冷热空气分子混合在一起,那么所有冷空气分子朝冰箱方 向运动,同时所有热空气分子背离冰箱运动的概率实际上是零。 5. 如果在厨房里只有十几个空气分子,那么我等上一年左右,或许在某个时刻6个最冷的分子会聚集在冰箱里。但是,这一等式中的 变量越多、参加这一游戏的角色越多.他们的路径井然有序地相互吻合的可能性就越小。 8. 1.第一次浪潮涉及有形产品——硬件,它与构成软件的计算机程序相对而言。本世纪六七十年代,圣何塞和旧金山地带的圣克拉拉谷的 一些公司为计算机生产出存储器硅芯片,于是使有了“硅谷”的名字。 2. 财富形成的第二次浪潮涉及软件——包括人们用于工作或娱乐的“应用”软件,就像文字处理程序或者计算机游戏之类,以及用于管 理业务和计算机网络自身运行的“系统”软件。 3. 但是无论是硬件革命还是软件革命,与现在因特网上所发生的情况相比,其财富创造的影响力都显得非常缓慢。短短数年之前,在日 内瓦CERN研究中心工作的英国物理学家Tim Berners-Lee发明了一种方案,用以连接与某一主题或一系列主题相关的数据,这些数据贮存在各地各种不同的计算机内。 4. e—Bay网点的在线拍卖同样有利可图,因为它每拍卖一次都要向买卖双方收取一定的佣金。但是如今大多数国际互联网公司都承受 着重大的短期损失,证券市场控资者通常认为这种损失会在商业计划里某个似乎永远不会到来的“第三年”中转为盈利。 5. 尽管上述这些获利的基本模式最终将被证明是站不住脚的,但到目前为之,它们却足以使很多人十分富有。实际上所有这些财富都是 由技术公司股组成的,在今后10年中,其中的一些股份或大多数股份会逐渐散失。