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SigmaPlot® 8.0 User’s Guide For more information about SPSS® Science software products, please visit our WWW site at http://www.spss.com or contact SPSS Science Marketing Department SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor Chicago, IL 60606-6307 Tel: (312) 651-3000 Fax: (312) 651-3668 SPSS and SigmaPlot are registered trademarks and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. for its proprietary computer software. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners of the trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials. The SOFTWARE and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 52.227-7013. Contractor/manufacturer is SPSS Inc., 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor, Chicago, IL 60606-6307. General notice: Other product names mentioned herein are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. ImageStream® Graphics & Presentation Filters, copyright © 1991-1997 by INSO Corporation. All Rights Reserved. ImageStream Graphics Filters is a registered trademark and ImageStream is a trademark of INSO Corporation. SigmaPlot® 8.0 User’s Guide Copyright © 2002 by SPSS Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 05 04 03 02 01 00 ISBN 1-56827-232-4 iii Contents Introduction ................................................................................ 9 New Features in SigmaPlot 8.0 .................................................................................. 10 Installing SigmaPlot ................................................................................................... 12 Using SigmaPlot in Windows ..................................................................................... 14 Using Toolbars ........................................................................................................... 15 Setting Program Options ............................................................................................ 18 Anatomy of SigmaPlot Graphs ................................................................................... 22 SigmaPlot Help .......................................................................................................... 32 Getting Technical Support .......................................................................................... 32 Using This Manual ..................................................................................................... 33 Contacting SPSS Inc. ................................................................................................. 33 References ................................................................................................................. 34 Notebook Basics .......................................................................... 37 SigmaPlot Notebook Structure ................................................................................... 37 Managing Notebook Sections .................................................................................... 40 Creating New Notebook Files and Items .................................................................... 41 Renaming Notebook Files and Items .......................................................................... 43 Opening Notebook Files and Items ........................................................................ 44 Copying, Pasting and Removing Notebook Items ...................................................... 45 Saving Your Work ..................................................................................................... 46 Exporting Notebooks and Notebook Items ................................................................. 46 Printing Notebook Items ............................................................................................ 49 Worksheet Basics ........................................................................ 53 Setting Worksheet Display Options ............................................................................ 54 Moving Around the Worksheet ................................................................................... 55 Entering Data into a SigmaPlot Worksheet ................................................................. 57 Importing Files from Other Applications .................................................................... 58 Exporting Worksheet Data .......................................................................................... 62 Descriptive Statistics for Worksheets ........................................................................ 63 Displaying Worksheet Data ........................................................................................ 66 Selecting a Block of Data ............................................................................................ 75 Sorting Data ............................................................................................................... 77 Cutting, Copying, Pasting, Moving, and Deleting Data ............................................... 78 Inserting Blocks of Cells, Columns, and Rows of Data ............................................... 78 Deleting Blocks of Cells, Columns, and Rows of Data ................................................ 80 Contents iv Switching Rows to Columns .......................................................................................81 Removing Outliers and Other Data ..............................................................................81 Entering and Promoting Column and Row Titles ........................................................85 Using Excel Workbooks in SigmaPlot .........................................................................88 Graph Page Basics ...................................................................... 95 Setting Page Options ..................................................................................................96 Working with Page Objects .........................................................................................97 Adding Another Graph to a Page ...............................................................................102 Zooming In and Out ..................................................................................................103 Using Graph Pages as Templates .............................................................................105 Cutting, Copying and Pasting Graphs and other Page Objects ..................................111 Using OLE to Paste, Link, and Embed Objects ..........................................................112 Dragging and Dropping Graphs ................................................................................122 Hiding and Deleting Objects from the Page ..............................................................123 Drawing Objects on the Page ....................................................................................125 Modifying Object Colors and Lines ...........................................................................127 Moving and Sizing Graphs and Objects ....................................................................131 Moving Objects to the Front or Back .........................................................................134 Grouping and Ungrouping Objects ...........................................................................135 Aligning Page Objects ...............................................................................................135 Working with Grids and Rulers .................................................................................136 Arranging Graphs .....................................................................................................137 Working with Text on the Page .................................................................................143 Working with Automatic Legends .............................................................................148 Changing Graph Page Format ...................................................................................154 Using Custom Colors ................................................................................................158 Creating and Modifying Graphs ......................................................163 Setting Graph Defaults ..............................................................................................164 SigmaPlot Graph Types ............................................................................................165 SigmaPlot Graph Style .............................................................................................167 Creating Graphs ........................................................................................................177 Using Templates, Layouts, and the Graph Style Gallery ............................................182 Creating Graphs Using the Graph Style Gallery .........................................................182 Creating and Modifying Embedded SigmaPlot Graphs .............................................186 Creating SigmaPlot Graphs Using SPSS ...................................................................188 Creating SigmaPlot Graphs Using MicroSoft Excel ...................................................189 Modifying Graphs ....................................................................................................189 Selecting a Graph or a Plot ......................................................................................191 Naming Plots ............................................................................................................192 Contents v Naming Graphs ....................................................................................................... 194 Picking Different Data for the Current Plot ............................................................... 194 Changing Graph Type and Style .............................................................................. 195 Adding New Plots ..................................................................................................... 196 Showing, Hiding, and Deleting Plots ........................................................................ 199 Sampling Fewer Data Points .................................................................................... 201 Plotting Missing and Out of Axis Range Data Points ................................................ 203 Changing Symbol Type and Other Symbol Options .................................................. 204 Changing Line Type and Other Line Options ............................................................ 213 Changing Patterns and Fill Colors ............................................................................ 216 Using Custom Symbol, Fill, Line, and Color Increments ......................................... 220 Changing Bar and Box Widths and Spacing ............................................................. 222 Adding and Modifying Drop Lines ............................................................................ 226 Plotting and Solving Equations ................................................................................ 228 Working with 2D Graphs .............................................................. 237 2D Plot Types ........................................................................................................... 238 Arranging Data for a 2D Plot .................................................................................... 240 Creating 2D Plots .................................................................................................... 243 Creating Multiple Curves .......................................................................................... 244 Creating 2D Scatter Plots with Error Bars ................................................................ 245 Creating 2D Plots with Asymmetric Error Bars ........................................................ 249 Creating Error Bar Plots Using Category Data .......................................................... 252 Modifying Error Bars ................................................................................................ 253 Grouped Bar Charts ................................................................................................. 261 Creating Box Plots .................................................................................................... 265 Computing Percentile Methods ................................................................................ 268 Creating Area Plots .................................................................................................. 269 Bubble Plots ............................................................................................................. 279 Creating Multiple 2D Axes ........................................................................................ 283 Working with 3D and Contour Graphs ............................................... 287 3D Plots .................................................................................................................. 287 Arranging Data for Contour Plots and 3D Graphs .................................................... 289 Creating 3D Scatter Plots and 3D Bar Charts ........................................................... 293 Creating Trajectory Plots .......................................................................................... 294 Creating Waterfall Plots ............................................................................................ 295 Creating Mesh Plots ................................................................................................. 297 Modifying Mesh Lines and Fill Color ........................................................................ 298 Changing Graph Perspective, Rotation, and Shading ............................................... 299 3D Graph Axis Placement ......................................................................................... 303 Contents vi Frame Lines for a 3D Graph ......................................................................................304 Creating Contour Plots ..............................................................................................306 Modifying Contour Plots ..........................................................................................308 Working with Pie, Polar, and Ternary Plots ........................................317 Pie Charts .................................................................................................................318 Polar Plots ................................................................................................................323 Modifying Polar Axes ................................................................................................326 Changing Angular Axis Scaling and Position ............................................................327 Modifying Radial Axes Lines and Position ................................................................330 Displaying and Changing Radial Axis Ticks and Labels .............................................332 Ternary Graphs .........................................................................................................334 Modifying Ternary Axes ............................................................................................338 Modifying Ternary Axis Title Location .......................................................................339 Changing Ternary Axis Range, Scale, and Direction .................................................340 Changing Ternary Axis Tick Marks and Tick Labels ..................................................345 Publishing Graphs ......................................................................353 Publishing Graphs on the World Wide Web ..............................................................353 Submitting Graphs for Publication ............................................................................356 Publication Tips and Tricks .......................................................................................359 Modifying Axes, Tick Marks, and Grids .............................................361 Changing Axis Range ................................................................................................362 Changing Axis Scales ................................................................................................363 Changing Scale Type ................................................................................................366 Hiding, Displaying, and Deleting Axes ......................................................................370 Moving Axes .............................................................................................................371 Changing Axis Line, Color, and Thickness ...............................................................372 Setting Axis Breaks ...................................................................................................374 Working with Axis Titles and Tick Labels ..................................................................375 Changing Tick Mark Intervals ...................................................................................378 Changing Tick Mark Appearance ...............................................................................383 Customizing Tick Intervals ........................................................................................385 Changing Tick Labels ................................................................................................387 Displaying Grid Lines and Backplanes ......................................................................396 Statistics .................................................................................401 Running Paired and Independent t-Tests ..................................................................401 Creating Histograms .................................................................................................403 Plotting and Modifying Regression Lines .................................................................407 Contents vii Transform Basics ....................................................................... 417 Performing Quick Transforms .................................................................................. 419 Smoothing 2D and 3D Data ...................................................................................... 420 Using the Report Editor ............................................................... 429 Creating Reports ...................................................................................................... 429 Setting Report Options ............................................................................................. 430 Setting Report Page Size and Margins ..................................................................... 430 Using the Report Editor Ruler .................................................................................. 432 Setting Tabs ............................................................................................................. 432 Setting