网上购物系统_外文翻译

网上购物系统_外文翻译 外文文献资料 ASP.NET Overview 1.ASP.net And not only ASP.net being Active Server Page (ASP) next edition, but that a kind of builds the procedure truss on General Purpose Language , can be used to build Web application big and powerful coming one Web server. ASP.net provides a lot of bigger and powerful than Web now exploitation pattern advantage. High-effect but administration That ASP.net uses one kind of character basis's , classification's deploys system , makes your server environment and the application interposition especially simple. Because of allocation information all preserves in simple version , new interposition has an implement to may all do not need to start local administrative person can come true. That this is called "Zero Local Administration philosophy concept makes because of applicative Asp.net exploitation more concrete, and rapid. A ASP.net application requires that simple copy few must get a document , not requiring that systematic again starting , everything are that such is simple in systematic installation of one server. The world-level implement holds out The ASP.net truss is to be able to use up to the minute product of Microsoft (R) company Visual Studio.net exploitation environment to carry out exploitation , WYSIWYG (what What You See Is What You Get is gains) editor. These are ASP.net only strong-rization one fraction of software support. Big and powerful and adaptability Its big and powerful and adaptability compiling and translating working procedure , reason why because of ASP.net is General Purpose Language-based, on being able to make it run 2000 Server applying the upper (author of nearly all platform of software developer to Web knowing it can only use in Windows up to now only). General Purpose Language fundamental warehouse , information mechanism, data interface treatment all can have no integrating sewing applying middle to the ASP.net Web. ASP.net is also that language-independent language melts on one's own at the same time, reason why, you can choose one kind of the procedure being fit to compile and compose you coming your language most , your procedure is written or coming using very various language, (the association having C # C + + and Java) , VB , Jscript already holding out now. Such various program language associate ability protects your COM + exploitation-based procedure now in the future, the transplanting being able to entirely faces ASP.net. Simplicity and easy to learn ASP.net is that dignity verifies , the distribution system and website allocation become very simple run a few very common missions submit customer whole course of if the form is single. That the for example ASP.net page of face truss allows you to found your own consumer interface, makes the person be unlike the common VB-Like interface. Besides, that General Purpose Language facilitates exploitation makes to become simple accommodating oneself to of software combining with a code like assembling a computer. Many processor environments reliability The quilt already designs ASP.net painstakingly becoming one kind of the exploitation implement being able to be used for many processor , it uses peculiar seamless the speed linking a technology , very big rise being run to sew under many processor environments. Even if that your ASP.net now applies a software is to be that one processor is development many processor do not require that any changes the efficacy being able to improve them when working, but ASP now cannot achieve indeed in the future this one point. Certainly definition, and augmentability When ASP.net is designed have considered the module let website develop a personnel to be able to be hit by self definition plug-in in self code. This is different from original inclusion relation , ASP.net can add self definition's how module. Website procedure exploitation has been all along not so simple. Security Owing to that the Windows attestation technology and every application deploying , you can be true your plain procedure is now and then absolutely safe. The ASP.NET grammar to a great extent with ASP compatible, it provides one kind of new programming model and structure at the same time , may generate flexibility and much better application of stability , provide the much better safeguard and. Add the ASP.NET function gradually in being able to pass in now available ASP application, function strengthening ASP application at any time. ASP.NET is that one already has compiled and translated, because of. The NET environment, runs General Purpose Language-based procedure on the server. Carry out compiling when procedure is held in the server working first, than ASP makes it snappy immediately on INTERP speed many. And be to be able to use any and. Compatible language of NET (includes Visual Basic. NET , C # and Jscript. NET.) Create application. Besides, any ASP.NET application all can be put into use entire. NET Framework. The personnel who develops can gain these technology merit conveniently , include the trusteeship common language running warehouse environment , type safety , inheriting and so on among them. ASP.NET can edit an implement seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML and weave the Cheng implement other (including Microsoft Visual Studio. NET) works together. Page of GUI and completely integrated debugging this not only feasible Web is developed to go to the lavatory especially, and can provide all merit that these implements provide be obliged to , include Web developing a personnel to be able to be used server control drag and drop to be arrived at hold out. While establishing ASP.NET application, the personnel who develops can use the Web window body or XML Web services , carry out combination or with any way that they regard as rightly. That every function all can get the same architectural support, makes you be able to use dignity to verify a scheme , the data that slow exist often uses, carries out self definition on the application allocation or. 2. Building ASP.NET Pages ASP.NET and the .NET Framework ASP.NET is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the following two sections, you learn how ASP.NET fits within the .NET framework, and you learn about the languages you can use in your ASP.NET pages. The .NET Framework Class Library Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language, you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases, and manipulating strings. Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++, the programming function is the same. Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic data type is the same. Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and use it for every language? The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system, manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network protocols. The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays. Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library contains classes for building ASP.NET pages. You need to understand, however, that you can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your ASP.NET pages. Understanding Namespaces As you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes (over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces. ASP Classic Note In previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). ASP.NET, in contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes! A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace. The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types, such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and dates and times. You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file system file (the File class), you would use the following: System.IO.File System.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class. NOTE You can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework. Standard ASP.NET Namespaces The classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your ASP.NET pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your ASP.NET applications: System— Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times. System.Collections— Contains classes for working with standard collection types such as hash tables, and array lists. System.Collections.Specialized— Contains classes that represent specialized collections such as linked lists and string collections. System.Configuration— Contains classes for working with configuration files (Web.config files). System.Text— Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the contents of strings. System.Text.RegularExpressions— Contains classes for performing regular expression match and replace operations. System.Web— Contains the basic classes for working with the World Wide Web, including classes for representing browser requests and server responses. System.Web.Caching— Contains classes used for caching the content of pages and classes for performing custom caching operations. System.Web.Security— Contains classes for implementing authentication and authorization such as Forms and Passport authentication. System.Web.SessionState— Contains classes for implementing session state. System.Web.UI— Contains the basic classes used in building the user interface of ASP.NET pages. Contains the classes for the HTML controls. System.Web.UI.HTMLControls— System.Web.UI.WebControls— Contains the classes for the Web controls. .NET Framework-Compatible Languages For purposes of this book, you will write the application logic for your ASP.NET pages using Visual Basic as your programming language. It is the default language for ASP.NET pages. Although you stick to Visual Basic in this book, you also need to understand that you can create ASP.NET pages by using any language that supports the .NET Common Language Runtime. Out of the box, this includes C#, JScript.NET, and the Managed Extensions to C++. NOTE The CD included with this book contains C# versions of all the code samples. Dozens of other languages created by companies other than Microsoft have been developed to work with the .NET framework. Some examples of these other languages include Python, SmallTalk, Eiffel, and COBOL. This means that you could, if you really wanted to, write ASP.NET pages using COBOL. Regardless of the language that you use to develop your ASP.NET pages, you need to understand that ASP.NET pages are compiled before they are executed. This means that ASP.NET pages can execute very quickly. The first time you request an ASP.NET page, the page is compiled into a .NET class, and the resulting class file is saved beneath a special directory on your server named Temporary ASP.NET Files. For each and every ASP.NET page, a corresponding class file appears in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory. Whenever you request the same ASP.NET page in the future, the corresponding class file is executed. When an ASP.NET page is compiled, it is not compiled directly into machine code. Instead, it is compiled into an intermediate-level language called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). All .NET-compatible languages are compiled into this intermediate language. An ASP.NET page isn't compiled into native machine code until it is actually requested by a browser. At that point, the class file contained in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory is compiled with the .NET framework Just in Time (JIT) compiler and executed. The magical aspect of this whole process is that it happens automatically in the background. All you have to do is create a text file with the source code for your ASP.NET page, and the .NET framework handles all the hard work of converting it into compiled code for you. ASP CLASSIC NOTE about VBScript? Before ASP.NET, VBScript was the most popular language What for developing Active Server Pages. ASP.NET does not support VBScript, and this is good news. Visual Basic is a superset of VBScript, which means that Visual Basic has all the functionality of VBScript and more. So, you have a richer set of functions and statements with Visual Basic. Furthermore, unlike VBScript, Visual Basic is a compiled language. This means that if you use Visual Basic to rewrite the same code that you wrote with VBScript, you can get better performance. If you have worked only with VBScript and not Visual Basic in the past, don't worry. Since VBScript is so closely related to Visual Basic, you'll find it easy to make the transition between the two languages. NOTE Microsoft includes an interesting tool named the IL Disassembler (ILDASM) with the .NET framework. You can use this tool to view the disassembled code for any of the ASP.NET classes in the Temporary ASP.NET Files directory. It lists all the methods and properties of the class and enables you to view the intermediate-level code. This tool also works with all the ASP.NET controls discussed in this chapter. For example, you can use the IL Disassembler to view the intermediate-level code for the TextBox control (located in a file named System.Web.dll). Introducing ASP.NET Controls ASP.NET controls provide the dynamic and interactive portions of the user interface for your Web application. The controls render the content that the users of your Web site actually see and interact with. For example, you can use controls to create HTML form elements, interactive calendars, and rotating banner advertisements. ASP.NET controls coexist peacefully with HTML content. Typically, you create the static areas of your Web pages with normal HTML content and create the dynamic or interactive portions with ASP.NET controls. The best way to understand how ASP.NET controls work in an HTML page is to look at a simple Web Forms Page. Adding Application Logic to an ASP.NET Page The second building block of an ASP.NET page is the application logic, which is the actual programming code in the page. You add application logic to a page to handle both control and page events. If a user clicks a Button control within an HTML form, for example, the Button control raises an event (the Click event). Typically, you want to add code to the page that does something in response to this event. For example, when someone clicks the Button control, you might want to save the form data to a file or database. are not the only things that can raise events. An ASP.NET page itself Controls raises several events every time it is requested. For example, whenever you request a page, the page's Load event is triggered. You can add application logic to the page that executes whenever the Load event occurs. 3. Building Forms with Web Server Controls Building Smart Forms You use several of the basic Web controls to represent standard HTML form elements such as radio buttons, text boxes, and list boxes. You can use these controls in your ASP.NET pages to create the user interface for your Web application. The following sections provide detailed overviews and programming samples for each of these Web controls. Controlling Page Navigation In the following sections, you learn how to control how a user moves from one ASP.NET page to another. First, you learn how to submit an HTML form to another page and retrieve form information. Next, you learn how to use the Redirect() method to automatically transfer a user to a new page. Finally, you learn how to link pages together with the HyperLink control. Applying Formatting to Controls In the following sections, you learn how to make more attractive Web forms. First, you look at an overview of the formatting properties common to all Web controls; they are the formatting properties of the base control class. Next, you learn how to apply Cascading Style Sheet styles and classes to Web controls. 4. Performing Form Validation with Validation Controls Using Client-side Validation Traditionally, Web developers have faced a tough choice when adding form validation logic to their pages. You can add form validation routines to your server-side code, or you can add the validation routines to your client-side code. The advantage of writing validation logic in client-side code is that you can provide instant feedback to your users. For example, if a user neglects to enter a value in a required form field, you can instantly display an error message without requiring a roundtrip back to the server. People really like client-side validation. It looks great and creates a better overall user experience. The problem, however, is that it does not work with all browsers. Not all browsers support JavaScript, and different versions of browsers support different versions of JavaScript, so client-side validation is never guaranteed to work. For this reason, in the past, many developers decided to add all their form validation logic exclusively to server-side code. Because server-side code functions correctly with any browser, this course of action was safer. Fortunately, the Validation controls discussed in this chapter do not force you to make this difficult choice. The Validation controls automatically generate both client-side and server-side code. If a browser is capable of supporting JavaScript, client-side validation scripts are automatically sent to the browser. If a browser is incapable of supporting JavaScript, the validation routines are automatically implemented in server-side code. You should be warned, however, that client-side validation works only with Microsoft Internet Explorer version 4.0 and higher. In particular, the client-side scripts discussed in this chapter do not work with any version of Netscape Navigator. Requiring Fields: The RequiredFieldValidator Control You use RequiredFieldValidator in a Web form to check whether a control has a value. Typically, you use this control with a TextBox control. However, nothing is wrong with using RequiredFieldValidator with other input controls such as RadioButtonList. Validating Expressions: The RegularExpressionValidator Control You can use RegularExpressionValidator to match the value entered into a form field to a regular expression. You can use this control to check whether a user has entered, for example, a valid e-mail address, telephone number, or username or password. Samples of how to use a regular expression to perform all these validation tasks are provided in the following sections. Comparing Values: The CompareValidator Control The CompareValidator control performs comparisons between the data entered into a form field and another value. The other value can be a fixed value, such as a particular number, or a value entered into another control. Summarizing Errors: The ValidationSummary Control Imagine that you have a form with 50 form fields. If you use only the Validation controls discussed in the previous sections of this chapter to display errors, seeing an error message on the page might be difficult. For example, you might have to scroll down to the 48th form field to find the error message. Fortunately, Microsoft includes a ValidationSummary control with the Validation controls. You can use this control to summarize all the errors at the top of a page, or wherever else you want. 来源:!3A7B4C71F15C08A8!118.entry 中文翻译稿 ASP.NET 概述 1.ASP.NET简介 Active Server Page (ASP) 的下一个版本,而且是一种建立在通用ASP.net不仅仅是 语言上的程序构架，能被用于一台Web服务器来建立强大的Web应用序。ASP.net提供许多比现在的Web开发模式强大的的优势。 高效可管理性 ASP.net使用一种字符基础的，分级的配置系统，使你服务器环境和应用程序的设置更加简单。因为配置信息都保存在简单文本中，新的设置有可能都不需要启动本地的管理员工具就可以实现。这种被称为"Zero Local Administration"的哲学观念使Asp.net的基于应用的开发更加具体，和快捷。一个ASP.net的应用程序在一台服务器系统的安装只需要简单的拷贝一些必须得文件，不需要系统的重新启动，一切就是这么简单。 世界级的工具支持 ASP.net构架是可以用Microsoft(R)公司最新的产品 Visual Studio.net开发环境进行开发，WYSIWYG(What You See Is What You Get所见即为所得)的编辑。这些仅是ASP.net强大化软件支持的一小部分。 强大性和适应性 因为ASP.net是基于通用语言的编译运行的程序，所以它的强大性和适应性，可以使它运行在Web应用软件开发者的几乎全部的平台上(笔者到现在为止只知道它只能用在Windows 2000 Server上)。通用语言的基本库，消息机制，数据接口的处理都能无缝的整合到ASP.net的Web应用中。ASP.net同时也是language-independent语言独立化的，所以，你可以选择一种最适合你的语言来编写你的程序，或者把你的程序用很多种语言来写，现在已经支持的有C#(C++和Java的结合体)，VB，Jscript。将来，这样的多种程序语言协同工作的能力保护您现在的基于COM+开发的程序，能够完整的移植向ASP.net。 简单性和易学性 ASP.net是运行一些很平常的任务如表单的提交客户端的身份验证、分布系统和网站配置变得非常简单。例如ASP.net页面构架允许你建立你自己的用户分界面，使其不同于常见的VB-Like界面。另外，通用语言简化开发使把代码结合成软件简单的就像装配电脑。 多处理器环境的可靠性 ASP.net已经被刻意设计成为一种可以用于多处理器的开发工具，它在多处理器的环境下用特殊的无缝连接技术，将很大的提高运行速度。即使你现在的ASP.net应用软件是为一个处理器开发的，将来多处理器运行时不需要任何改变都能提高他们的效能，但现在的ASP确做不到这一点。 自定义性，和可扩展性 ASP.net设计时考虑了让网站开发人员可以在自己的代码中自己定义"plug-in"的模块。这与原来的包含关系不同，ASP.net可以加入自己定义的如何组件。网站程序的开发从来没有这么简单过。 安全性 基于Windows认证技术和每应用程序配置，你可以确性你的原程序是绝对安全的。 ASP.NET 的语法在很大程度上与 ASP 兼容，同时它还提供一种新的编程模型和结构，可生成伸缩性和稳定性更好的应用程序，并提供更好的安全保护。可以通过在现有 ASP 应用程序中逐渐添加 ASP.NET 功能，随时增强 ASP 应用程序的功能。 ASP.NET 是一个已编译的、基于 .NET 的环境，把基于通用语言的程序在服务器上运行。将程序在服务器端首次运行时进行编译，比ASP即时解释程序速度上要快很多.而且是可以用任何与 .NET 兼容的语言(包括 Visual Basic .NET、C# 和 Jscript .NET.)创作应用程序。另外，任何 ASP.NET 应用程序都可以使用整个 .NET Framework。开发人员可以方便地获得这些技术的优点，其中包括托管的公共语言运行库环境、类型安全、继承等等。 ASP.NET 可以无缝地与 WYSIWYG HTML 编辑器和其他编程工具(包括 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET)一起工作。这不仅使得 Web 开发更加方便，而且还能提供这些工具必须提供的所有优点，包括开发人员可以用来将服务器控件拖放到 Web 页的 GUI 和完全集成的调试支持。 当创建 ASP.NET 应用程序时，开发人员可以使用 Web 窗体或 XML Web services，或以他们认为合适的任何方式进行组合。每个功能都能得到同一结构的支持，使您能够使用身份验证，缓存经常使用的数据，或者对应用程序的配置进行自定义. 2.构建 ASP.NET 页面 ASP.NET 和ASP.NET结构 ASP.NET 是微软.NET framework整体的一部分, 它包含一组大量的编程用的类，满足各种编程需要。 在下列的二个部分中, 你如何学会 ASP.NET 很适合的放在.NET framework, 和学会能在你的 ASP.NET 页面中使用语言。 .NET类库 假想你是微软。 假想你必须支持大量的编程语言-比如 Visual Basic 、 JScript 和 C++. 这些编程语言的很多功能具有重叠性。 举例来说，对于每一种语言，你必须包括存取文件系统、与数据库协同工作和操作字符串的。 每种语言,举例来说，都能够使用循环语句和此外，这些语言包含相似的编程构造。 条件语句。 即使用 Visual Basic 写的条件语句的语法不与 用C++ 写的不一样,程序的功能也是相同的。 最后，大多数的编程语言有相似的数据变量类型。 以大多数的语言，你有设定字符串类型和整型数据类型的方法。举例来说， 整型数据最大值和最小值可能依赖语言的种类，但是基本的数据类型是相同的。 为什么继续再创轮子? 对所有对于多种语言来说维持这一功能需要很大的工作量。 的语言创建这种功能一次，然后把这个功能用在每一种语言中岂不是更容易。 .NET类库不完全是那样。 它含有大量的满足编程需要的类。举例来说，.NET类库包含处理数据库访问的类和文件协同工作，操作文本和生成图像。 除此之外，它包含更多特殊的类用在正则表达式和处理Web协议。 .NET framework，此外包含支持所有的基本变量数据类型的类，比如:字符串、整型、字节型、字符型和数组。 最重要地, 写这一本书的目的, .NET类库包含构建的 ASP.NET 页面的类。然而你需要了解当你构建.NET页面的时候能够访问.NET framework 的任意类。 理解命名空间 正如你猜测的, .NET framework是庞大的。 它包含数以千计的类。 (超过 3,400) 幸运地，类不是简单的堆在一起。.NET framework的类被组织成有层次结构的命名空间。 ASP Classic Note 在先前的ASP中，你仅仅能够访问五个类。相比之下 ASP.NET 提供超过 3,400个类!一个命名空间包含一组逻辑的类。 举例来说，涉及到与文件系统协同工作的类就集合在System.IO 命名空间中。 命名空间被组织成一个层次结构(一棵逻辑树) 。 树根就是SYSTEM 命名空间。 这个命名空间包含基本的数据类型的所有的类,例如:字符串、数组，还包含提供随机数字和日期的类。 你通过完整的类的命名空间能唯一识别任何的类在.NET framework中的位置。 举例来说,指定找到一个the File class 类，按如下操: System.IO.文件 System.IO指命名空间 ，而文件指定特定的类。 提示 你能够浏览.NET Framework所有的标准类的命名空间。通过.NET Framework 的参考文档可以浏览类库。 标准的 ASP.NET 命名空间 在默认情况下，在你的ASP.NET页面中，类被包含在一个选定的命名空间中这些默认的命名空间使你在ASP.NET中最常用到的。 System 命名空间- 包含所有的基本数据类型和其他有用的类，例如:那些关于产生随机数字和日期的类。 System.Collections命名空间- 包含的类是标准的集合类，例如:哈希表，数组列表。 System.Collections.Specialized 命名空间- 包含特殊的集合类，例如:连接列 表和字符串集合。 System.Configuration 命名空间- 包括Web.config files类。 System.Text命名空间-包含编码，解码和操作字符串内容的类。 System.Text.RegularExpressions命名空间- 包含的是匹配正则表达式和替代操作类。 System.Web 命名空间-工作在万维网方面包含的是浏览器请求和服务器响应的类。 System.Web.Caching 命名空间- 包含页面缓冲内容和自定义缓冲操作的类。 System.Web.Security命名空间- 包含执行验证和授权，例如:窗体和密码验证的类。 System.Web.SessionState命名空间- 包含执行保存状态的类。 System.Web.UI命名空间- 包含构建 ASP.NET 页面的用户接口的类。 System.Web.UI.HTMLControls命名空间- 包含 HTML 控件的类。 System.Web.UI.WebControls命名空间- 包含Web控件的类。 .NET Framework -可用的语言 这一本书的目的, 你将会为以 Visual Basic 作为你的编程语言来完成你的 ASP.NET 页写程序编写。 它是 ASP.NET 页面的默认语言。虽然你在这一本书中一直用 Visual Basic, 但是，你也需要了解用其它的支持公共语言库的语言创建ASP.NET页面。除此之外，这包括 C#, JScript.NET和C++ 。 提示 除微软之外的公司产生的几十个其他的语言已经能够和.NET framework兼容。 这些其他的语言的一些例子包括 Python、 SmallTalk 、 Eiffel和 COBOL。这就意味着假如你真的想, 你可以使用 COBOL 写 ASP.NET 页面。 不管你使用什么语言开发 ASP.NET 页面，你需要明白ASP.NET在执行前必须编译，这就意味着ASP.NET执行速度非常快。 你第一次请求 ASP.NET 页面, 页面被编译成一个.NET类, 这个类文件被保存在一个特殊的目录下这个目录的名字叫Temporary ASP.NET Files。对于一个ASP.NET页面一个通信类文件出现在Temporary ASP.NET Files目录下。以后不管任何时候你请求那个同样的ASP.NET页面，那个通信类文件就会执行。 当 ASP.NET 页面被编译的时候，它没被直接地被编译成机器码而是被编译成了一个中间语言，名字叫 (MSIL)所有.NET可用的语言都被编译成这种中间语言。 一个ASP.NET 页面不会被编译成本地机器码直到它被一个浏览器访问，在那个时间点包含在Temporary ASP.NET Files目录下的类文件用JIT编译器编译并且执行。 这些迷惑的方面体现在整个过程都在后台运行，你必须要做的是用资源代码为你的ASP.NET页面创建一个文本文件。.NET framework 为你处理完转换它为编译码这一困难工作。 典型ASP提示 VBScript 怎么样呢? 在 ASP.NET 之前， VBScript 是开发动态页面最流行的语言。ASP.NET 不支持VBScript ，而且这是好消息。 Visual Basic 是一个 VBScript 的超集,意味着 Visual Basic 相对于 VBScript有更多的功能。 因此, 你用 Visual Basic 有更丰富的和语句供你使用。 此外，不像 VBScript ， Visual Basic 是一种被编译的语言。 这意味着如果你使用 Visual Basic 重写相同的 VBScript代码感觉会更容易一些。 假如你过去只用VBScript而不用 Visual Basic，也不用担心。 因为 VBScript 如此接近 Visual Basic, 你将会发现在这二种语言之间的转变是很容易的。 提示 在.NET framework中，微软包括一个名叫 IL Disassembler的有趣的工具。在临时的ASP.NET文件目录中你能使用这个工具查看没有装配的ASP.NET 类的代码。 它列出了类的所有方法和属性使你能够浏览中间代码。 正如在这章讨论的这个工具也可以用于操作ASP.NET控件。 举例来说，你能使用 IL Disassembler 浏览 TextBox 控件的中间代码。(位于在一个叫做 System.Web.dll 的文件中) 介绍 ASP.NET 控件 ASP.NET 控件为你的Web应用程序提供动态和交互的用户接口。这些控件能够使你的网站的使用者看见和交互。 举例来说，你能使用控件建立 HTML 窗体元素，交互式日历, 而且可以滚动标广告。 ASP.NET 控件和 HTML 内容共存。 典型地，你用通常的 HTML 创建你的网页的静态区域和用 ASP.NET 控件创建网页的动态区域。 了解 ASP.NET 控件是怎么工作的,最好的方法是看一个简单的Web应用窗体页面。 添加ASP.NET页面的代码 第二个难点就是ASP.NET页面的代码，他是确切的页面的程序代码,在你添加的程序 用户处理控件也页面事件。 如果一个使用者单击 HTML窗体中的Button按钮， 举例来说，那个按钮就会响应一个事件 (单击事件) 。 典型地，你想添加代码响应这个事件到页面中。 举例来说，当某人单击Button按钮控件的时候，你可以保存窗体数据到一个文件或者数据库。 控件不是唯一的能相应事件的事物。 当它被请求的时候一个ASP.NET 页面每次都能够响应几个事件。 举例来说，每当你请求一个页面，页面的初始化事件就会被触发。 每当初始化事件发生的时候，你能够添加代码到页面中来执行。 3. 用Web服务器控件创建窗体 构建灵活窗体 HTML 窗体元素，例如radio buttons、text boxes, 你用几个基本Web控件来代替标准的 and list boxes. 你能够用这些控件为你的Web应用程序在你的ASP.NET页面中创建用户界面。 下面的部分为这些Web控件提供了详细的提纲和程序源代码。 控制页面浏览 在下列的部分中，你学会如何控制一个用户从一个ASP.NET页面转到另一个页面。首先，你学会怎么把一个HTML窗体链接到另一个页面来获取信息。 下一步，你学会用Redirect()方法自动让一个用户浏览一个新的页面。 最后，你学会用超级链接控件怎么把页面连在一起。 对控件应用格式 在下列的部分中，你学会该如何创建更有吸引力的Web窗体。 首先，你浏览一下针对所有Web控件格式属性他们是基本控件类的格式属性。 然后，你学会在Web控件上应用样式表风格。 4. 用验证控件做页面验证 使用客户端验证 传统地，当增加验证到他们的页面中时，他们会面临一个严峻的选择。 你可以添加窗体页面验证规则到你的服务器端代码，或者是添加验证规则到你的客户端代码。 写验证代码到客户端代码中的优势能够及时反馈到你的用户。 举例来说，一个使用者忽略在一个要求检验的字段中输入一个值，你能够及时的显示一个错误信息而不需要返回到服务器端解决。 人们喜欢客户端的验证。 它看起来很棒而且产生一种比较好的效果。 然而，问题是它不与所有的浏览器兼容。 不是所有的浏览器支持 JavaScript、不同版本的浏览器的不同版本支持 JavaScript，所以客户端验证没有保障。 由于这个原因，许多开发者在过去决定添加自定义验证到服务器端。因为服务器端代 码能够和任何浏览器协同工作。就这样的做法更有安全的保障。 幸运地，正如在章节讨论的这些验证控件不会强迫你做困难的选择。 这些验证控件会自动地产生客户端代码和服务器端代码。 如果一个浏览器有能力支持JavaScript ，客户端的验证脚本将会自动返回到浏览器。 如果一个浏览器不支持 JavaScript，那个验证规则会自动在服务器端代码中执行。 然而你需要注意的是，客户端的验证仅仅能够工作在IE4.0或更高的版本。 尤其，正如这一章讨论的客户端脚本不可能在任意本本的浏览器中运行。 控制字段: RequiredFieldValidator 控件 你用这个控件来检查在一个Web窗体中是否为空， 典型地，你和 TextBox 控件一起 然而，这个控件也可以用在其他的输入型控件，例如:RadioButtonList.使用这个控件。 控件。 验证表达式: RegularExpressionValidator 控件 你能使用 RegularExpressionValidator 控件来验证输入的值是否和定义的正则表达式相匹配。 例如:你能使用这控件来检查一个用户是否输入一个合法的电子邮件地址，电话号码，用户名或密码。怎样用一个正则表达式来完成这些验证任务将会在下面的例子中一一列出。 比较值: CompareValidator 控件 这个CompareValidator 控件用于比较一个输入的数据和另外一个值是否相同。另外一个值可能是固定值，例如:一个特定的数字或者是输入到另一个控件中的一个值。 总结错误: ValidationSummary 控件 假想一个页面有50个字段假如你仅仅用上部分讨论的那些验证控件来显示错误看见一个错误在页面中将是很难的。 例如:你可能需要滚动到第48个页面字段来找到这个错误信息。幸好，微软除了包含上面提到的控件还包括 ValidationSummary 控件。 你能用这控件综合所有的错误信息在一个页面的上端或者你想要的任何一个地方。