机械设计课程设计带式输送机传动装置说明书单级圆柱齿轮减速器 输送带工作拉力为2800N 输送带工作速

机械设计课程设计带式输送机传动装置说明单级圆柱齿轮减速器 输送带工作拉力为2800N 输送带工作速 机械设计课程设计带式输送机传动装置说明书单级圆柱齿轮减速器 输送带工作拉力为2800N 输送带工作速度为1.4(M/S)滚筒直径350MM 一、传动拟定 第二组第三个数据:设计带式输送机传动装置中的一级圆柱齿轮减速器 (1) 工作条件:使用年限10年，每年按300天计算，两班制工作，载荷平稳。 (2) 原始数据:滚筒圆周力F=1.7KN;带速V=1.4m/s; 滚筒直径D=220mm。 运动简图 二、电动机的选择 1、电动机类型和结构型式的选择:按已知的工作要求和 条件，选用 Y系列三相异步电动机。 2、确定电动机的功率: (1)传动装置的总效率: η总=η带×η2轴承×η齿轮×η联轴器×η滚筒 =0.96×0.992×0.97×0.99×0.95 =0.86 (2)电机所需的工作功率: Pd=FV/1000η总 =1700×1.4/1000×0.86 =2.76KW 3、确定电动机转速: 滚筒轴的工作转速: Nw=60×1000V/πD =60×1000×1.4/π×220 =121.5r/min 根据【2】2.2中推荐的合理传动比范围，取V带传动比Iv=2~4，单级圆柱齿轮传动比范围Ic=3~5，则合理总传动比i的范围为i=6~20，故电动机转速的可选范围为nd=i×nw=(6~20)×121.5=729~2430r/min 符合这一范围的同步转速有960 r/min和1420r/min。由【2】表8.1查出有三种适用的电动机型号、如下表 方案 电动机型号 额定功率 电动机转速(r/min) 传动装置的传动比 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the KW 同转 满转 总传动比 带 齿轮 1 Y132s-6 3 1000 960 7.9 3 2.63 2 Y100l2-4 3 1500 1420 11.68 3 3.89 综合考虑电动机和传动装置尺寸、重量、价格和带传动、减速器的传动比，比较两种方案可知:方案1因电动机转速低，传动装置尺寸较大，价格较高。方案2适中。故选择电动机型号Y100l2-4。 4、确定电动机型号 根据以上选用的电动机类型，所需的额定功率及同步转速，选定电动机型号为 Y100l2-4。 其主要性能:额定功率:3KW，满载转速1420r/min，额定转矩2.2。 三、计算总传动比及分配各级的传动比 1、总传动比:i总=n电动/n筒=1420/121.5=11.68 2、分配各级传动比 (1) 取i带=3 (2) ?i总=i齿×i 带π ?i齿=i总/i带=11.68/3=3.89 四、运动参数及动力参数计算 1、计算各轴转速(r/min) nI=nm/i带=1420/3=473.33(r/min) nII=nI/i齿=473.33/3.89=121.67(r/min) 滚筒nw=nII=473.33/3.89=121.67(r/min) 2、 计算各轴的功率(KW) PI=Pd×η带=2.76×0.96=2.64KW PII=PI×η轴承×η齿轮=2.64×0.99×0.97=2.53KW 3、 计算各轴转矩 Td=9.55Pd/nm=9550×2.76/1420=18.56N?m TI=9.55p2入/n1 =9550x2.64/473.33=53.26N?m TII =9.55p2入/n2=9550x2.53/121.67=198.58N?m pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 五、传动零件的设计计算 1、 皮带轮传动的设计计算 (1) 选择普通V带截型 由课本[1]P189表10-8得:kA=1.2 P=2.76KW PC=KAP=1.2×2.76=3.3KW 据PC=3.3KW和n1=473.33r/min 由课本[1]P189图10-12得:选用A型V带 (2) 确定带轮基准直径，并验算带速 由[1]课本P190表10-9，取dd1=95mm>dmin=75 dd2=i带dd1(1-ε)=3×95×(1-0.02)=279.30 mm 由课本[1]P190表10-9，取dd2=280 带速V:V=πdd1n1/60×1000 =π×95×1420/60×1000 =7.06m/s 在5~25m/s范围内，带速合适。 (3) 确定带长和中心距 初定中心距a0=500mm Ld=2a0+π(dd1+dd2)/2+(dd2-dd1)2/4a0 =2×500+3.14(95+280)+(280-95)2/4×450 =1605.8mm 根据课本[1]表(10-6)选取相近的Ld=1600mm 确定中心距a?a0+(Ld-Ld0)/2=500+(1600-1605.8)/2 =497mm (4) 验算小带轮包角 α1=1800-57.30 ×(dd2-dd1)/a =1800-57.30×(280-95)/497 =158.670>1200(适用) (5) 确定带的根数 单根V带传递的额定功率.据dd1和n1，查课本图10-9得 P1=1.4KW pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the i?1时单根V带的额定功率增量.据带型及i查[1]表10-2得 ?P1=0.17KW 查[1]表10-3，得Kα=0.94;查[1]表10-4得 KL=0.99 Z= PC/[(P1+?P1)KαKL] =3.3/[(1.4+0.17) ×0.94×0.99] =2.26 (取3根) (6) 计算轴上压力 由课本[1]表10-5查得q=0.1kg/m，由课本式(10-20)单根V带的初拉力: F0=500PC/ZV[(2.5/Kα)-1]+qV2=500x3.3/[3x7.06(2.5/0.94-1)]+0.10x7.062 =134.3kN 则作用在轴承的压力FQ FQ=2ZF0sin(α1/2)=2×3×134.3sin(158.67o/2) =791.9N 2、齿轮传动的设计计算 (1)选择齿轮材料与热处理:所设计齿轮传动属于闭式传动，通常 齿轮采用软齿面。查阅表[1] 表6-8，选用价格便宜便于制造的材料，小齿轮材料为45钢，调质，齿面硬度260HBS;大齿轮材料也为45钢，正火处理，硬度为215HBS; 精度等级:运输机是一般机器，速度不高，故选8级精度。 (2)按齿面接触疲劳强度设计 由d1? (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3 确定有关参数如下:传动比i齿=3.89 取小齿轮齿数Z1=20。则大齿轮齿数:Z2=iZ1= ×20=77.8取z2=78 由课本表6-12取φd=1.1 (3)转矩T1 T1=9.55×106×P1/n1=9.55×106×2.61/473.33=52660N?mm (4)载荷系数k : 取k=1.2 (5)许用接触应力[σH] [σH]= σHlim ZN/SHmin 由课本[1]图6-37查得: σHlim1=610Mpa σHlim2=500Mpa 接触疲劳寿命系数Zn:按一年300个工作日，每天16h计算，由公式N=60njtn 计算 N1=60×473.33×10×300×18=1.36x109 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the N2=N/i=1.36x109 /3.89=3.4×108 查[1]课本图6-38中曲线1，得 ZN1=1 ZN2=1.05 按一般可靠度要求选取安全系数SHmin=1.0 [σH]1=σHlim1ZN1/SHmin=610x1/1=610 Mpa [σH]2=σHlim2ZN2/SHmin=500x1.05/1=525Mpa 故得: d1? (6712×kT1(u+1)/φdu[σH]2)1/3 =49.04mm 模数:m=d1/Z1=49.04/20=2.45mm 取课本[1]P79标准模数第一数列上的值，m=2.5 (6)校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度 σ bb=2KT1YFS/bmd1 确定有关参数和系数 分度圆直径:d1=mZ1=2.5×20mm=50mm d2=mZ2=2.5×78mm=195mm 齿宽:b=φdd1=1.1×50mm=55mm 取b2=55mm b1=60mm (7)复合齿形因数YFs 由课本[1]图6-40得:YFS1=4.35,YFS2=3.95 (8)许用弯曲应力[σbb] 根据课本[1]P116: [σbb]= σbblim YN/SFmin 由课本[1]图6-41得弯曲疲劳极限σbblim应为: σbblim1=490Mpa σbblim2 =410Mpa 由课本[1]图6-42得弯曲疲劳寿命系数YN:YN1=1 YN2=1 弯曲疲劳的最小安全系数SFmin :按一般可靠性要求，取SFmin =1 计算得弯曲疲劳许用应力为 [σbb1]=σbblim1 YN1/SFmin=490×1/1=490Mpa [σbb2]= σbblim2 YN2/SFmin =410×1/1=410Mpa 校核计算 σbb1=2kT1YFS1/ b1md1=71.86pa< [σbb1] σbb2=2kT1YFS2/ b2md1=72.61Mpa< [σbb2] pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 故轮齿齿根弯曲疲劳强度足够 (9)计算齿轮传动的中心矩a a=(d1+d2)/2= (50+195)/2=122.5mm (10)计算齿轮的圆周速度V 计算圆周速度V=πn1d1/60×1000=3.14×473.33×50/60×1000=1.23m/s 因为V,6m/s，故取8级精度合适( 六、轴的设计计算 从动轴设计 1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力 选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知: σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知:[σb+1]bb=215Mpa [σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa 2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径 单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接， 从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为: d?C 查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118 则d?118×(2.53/121.67)1/3mm=32.44mm 考虑键槽的影响以及联轴器孔径系列标准，取d=35mm 3、齿轮上作用力的计算 齿轮所受的转矩:T=9.55×106P/n=9.55×106×2.53/121.67=198582 N 齿轮作用力: 圆周力:Ft=2T/d=2×198582/195N=2036N 径向力:Fr=Fttan200=2036×tan200=741N 4、轴的结构设计 轴结构设计时，需要考虑轴系中相配零件的尺寸以及轴上零件的固定方式，按比例绘制轴系结构草图。 (1)、联轴器的选择 可采用弹性柱销联轴器，查[2]表9.4可得联轴器的型号为HL3联轴器:35×82 GB5014-85 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the (2)、确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式 单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置 在齿轮两边。轴外伸端安装联轴器，齿轮靠油环和套筒实现 轴向定位和固定，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴 承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通 过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位，联轴器靠轴肩平键和过盈配合 分别实现轴向定位和周向定位 (3)、确定各段轴的直径 将估算轴d=35mm作为外伸端直径d1与联轴器相配(如图)， 考虑联轴器用轴肩实现轴向定位，取第二段直径为d2=40mm 齿轮和左端轴承从左侧装入，考虑装拆方便以及零件固定的要求，装轴处d3应大于d2，取d3=4 5mm，为便于齿轮装拆与齿轮配合处轴径d4应大于d3，取d4=50mm。齿轮左端用用套筒固定,右端用轴环定位,轴环直径d5 满足齿轮定位的同时,还应满足右侧轴承的安装要求,根据选定轴承型号确定.右端轴承型号与左端轴承相同,取d6=45mm. (4)选择轴承型号.由[1]P270初选深沟球轴承,代号为6209,查手册可得:轴承宽度B=19,安装尺寸D=52,故轴环直径d5=52mm. (5)确定轴各段直径和长度 ?段:d1=35mm 长度取L1=50mm II段:d2=40mm 初选用6209深沟球轴承，其内径为45mm, 宽度为19mm.考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面和箱体内壁应有一定距离。取套筒长为20mm，通过密封盖轴段长应根据密封盖的宽度，并考虑联轴器和箱体外壁应有一定矩离而定，为此，取该段长为55mm，安装齿轮段长度应比轮毂宽度小2mm,故II段长: L2=(2+20+19+55)=96mm III段直径d3=45mm L3=L1-L=50-2=48mm ?段直径d4=50mm 长度与右面的套筒相同，即L4=20mm ?段直径d5=52mm. 长度L5=19mm 由上述轴各段长度可算得轴支承跨距L=96mm pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the (6)按弯矩复合强度计算 ?求分度圆直径:已知d1=195mm ?求转矩:已知T2=198.58N?m ?求圆周力:Ft 根据课本P127(6-34)式得 Ft=2T2/d2=2×198.58/195=2.03N ?求径向力Fr 根据课本P127(6-35)式得 Fr=Ft?tanα=2.03×tan200=0.741N ?因为该轴两轴承对称，所以:LA=LB=48mm (1)绘制轴受力简图(如图a) (2)绘制垂直面弯矩图(如图b) 轴承支反力: FAY=FBY=Fr/2=0.74/2=0.37N FAZ=FBZ=Ft/2=2.03/2=1.01N 由两边对称，知截面C的弯矩也对称。截面C在垂直面弯矩为 MC1=FAyL/2=0.37×96?2=17.76N?m 截面C在水平面上弯矩为: MC2=FAZL/2=1.01×96?2=48.48N?m (4)绘制合弯矩图(如图d) MC=(MC12+MC22)1/2=(17.762+48.482)1/2=51.63N?m (5)绘制扭矩图(如图e) 转矩:T=9.55×(P2/n2)×106=198.58N?m (6)绘制当量弯矩图(如图f) 转矩产生的扭剪文治武功力按脉动循环变化，取α=0.2，截面C处的当量弯矩: Mec=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2 =[51.632+(0.2×198.58)2]1/2=65.13N?m (7)校核危险截面C的强度 由式(6-3) pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the σe=65.13/0.1d33=65.13x1000/0.1×453 =7.14MPa< [σ-1]b=60MPa ?该轴强度足够。 主动轴的设计 1、选择轴的材料 确定许用应力 选轴的材料为45号钢，调质处理。查[2]表13-1可知: σb=650Mpa,σs=360Mpa,查[2]表13-6可知:[σb+1]bb=215Mpa [σ0]bb=102Mpa,[σ-1]bb=60Mpa 2、按扭转强度估算轴的最小直径 单级齿轮减速器的低速轴为转轴，输出端与联轴器相接， 从结构要求考虑，输出端轴径应最小，最小直径为: d?C 查[2]表13-5可得，45钢取C=118 则d?118×(2.64/473.33)1/3mm=20.92mm 考虑键槽的影响以系列标准，取d=22mm 3、齿轮上作用力的计算 齿轮所受的转矩:T=9.55×106P/n=9.55×106×2.64/473.33=53265 N 齿轮作用力: pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 圆周力:Ft=2T/d=2×53265/50N=2130N 径向力:Fr=Fttan200=2130×tan200=775N 确定轴上零件的位置与固定方式 单级减速器中，可以将齿轮安排在箱体中央，轴承对称布置 在齿轮两边。齿轮靠油环和套筒实现 轴向定位和固定 ，靠平键和过盈配合实现周向固定，两端轴 承靠套筒实现轴向定位，靠过盈配合实现周向固定 ，轴通 过两端轴承盖实现轴向定位， 4 确定轴的各段直径和长度 初选用6206深沟球轴承，其内径为30mm, 宽度为16mm.。考虑齿轮端面和箱体内壁，轴承端面与箱体内壁应有一定矩离，则取套筒 长为20mm，则该段长36mm，安装齿轮段长度为轮毂宽度为2mm。 (2)按弯扭复合强度计算 ?求分度圆直径:已知d2=50mm ?求转矩:已知T=53.26N?m ?求圆周力Ft:根据课本P127(6-34)式得 Ft=2T3/d2=2×53.26/50=2.13N ?求径向力Fr根据课本P127(6-35)式得 Fr=Ft?tanα=2.13×0.36379=0.76N ??两轴承对称 ?LA=LB=50mm (1)求支反力FAX、FBY、FAZ、FBZ FAX=FBY=Fr/2=0.76/2=0.38N FAZ=FBZ=Ft/2=2.13/2=1.065N (2) 截面C在垂直面弯矩为 MC1=FAxL/2=0.38×100/2=19N?m (3)截面C在水平面弯矩为 MC2=FAZL/2=1.065×100/2=52.5N?m (4)计算合成弯矩 MC=(MC12+MC22)1/2 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the =(192+52.52)1/2 =55.83N?m (5)计算当量弯矩:根据课本P235得α=0.4 Mec=[MC2+(αT)2]1/2=[55.832+(0.4×53.26)2]1/2 =59.74N?m (6)校核危险截面C的强度 由式(10-3) σe=Mec/(0.1d3)=59.74x1000/(0.1×303) =22.12Mpa<[σ-1]b=60Mpa ?此轴强度足够 (7) 滚动轴承的选择及校核计算 一从动轴上的轴承 根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命 L'h=10×300×16=48000h (1)由初选的轴承的型号为: 6209, 查[1]表14-19可知:d=55mm,外径D=85mm,宽度B=19mm,基本额定动载荷 C=31.5KN, 基本静载荷CO=20.5KN, 查[2]表10.1可知极限转速9000r/min (1)已知nII=121.67(r/min) 两轴承径向反力:FR1=FR2=1083N 根据课本P265(11-12)得轴承内部轴向力 FS=0.63FR 则FS1=FS2=0.63FR1=0.63x1083=682N (2) ?FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0 故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端 FA1=FS1=682N FA2=FS2=682N (3)求系数x、y pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the FA1/FR1=682N/1038N =0.63 FA2/FR2=682N/1038N =0.63 根据课本P265表(14-14)得e=0.68 FA1/FR148000h ?预期寿命足够 二.主动轴上的轴承: (1)由初选的轴承的型号为:6206 查[1]表14-19可知:d=30mm,外径D=62mm,宽度B=16mm, 基本额定动载荷C=19.5KN,基本静载荷CO=111.5KN, 查[2]表10.1可知极限转速13000r/min 根据根据条件，轴承预计寿命 L'h=10×300×16=48000h (1)已知nI=473.33(r/min) 两轴承径向反力:FR1=FR2=1129N 根据课本P265(11-12)得轴承内部轴向力 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the FS=0.63FR 则FS1=FS2=0.63FR1=0.63x1129=711.8N (2) ?FS1+Fa=FS2 Fa=0 故任意取一端为压紧端，现取1端为压紧端 FA1=FS1=711.8N FA2=FS2=711.8N (3)求系数x、y FA1/FR1=711.8N/711.8N =0.63 FA2/FR2=711.8N/711.8N =0.63 根据课本P265表(14-14)得e=0.68 FA1/FR148000h ?预期寿命足够 七、键联接的选择及校核计算 1(根据轴径的尺寸，由[1]中表12-6 高速轴(主动轴)与V带轮联接的键为:键8×36 GB1096-79 大齿轮与轴连接的键为:键 14×45 GB1096-79 轴与联轴器的键为:键10×40 GB1096-79 2(键的强度校核 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 大齿轮与轴上的键 :键14×45 GB1096-79 b×h=14×9,L=45,则Ls=L-b=31mm 圆周力:Fr=2TII/d=2×198580/50=7943.2N 挤压强度: =56.93<125~150MPa=[σp] 因此挤压强度足够 剪切强度: =36.60<120MPa=[ ] 因此剪切强度足够 键8×36 GB1096-79和键10×40 GB1096-79根据上面的步骤校核，并且符合要求。 八、减速器箱体、箱盖及附件的设计计算~ 1、减速器附件的选择 通气器 由于在室内使用，选通气器(一次过滤)，采用M18×1.5 油面指示器 选用游标尺M12 起吊装置 采用箱盖吊耳、箱座吊耳. 放油螺塞 选用外六角油塞及垫片M18×1.5 根据《机械设计基础课程设计》表5.3选择适当型号: 起盖螺钉型号:GB/T5780 M18×30,材料Q235 高速轴轴承盖上的螺钉:GB5783,86 M8X12,材料Q235 低速轴轴承盖上的螺钉:GB5783,86 M8×20,材料Q235 螺栓:GB5782,86 M14×100，材料Q235 箱体的主要尺寸: : (1)箱座壁厚z=0.025a+1=0.025×122.5+1= 4.0625 取z=8 (2)箱盖壁厚z1=0.02a+1=0.02×122.5+1= 3.45 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 取z1=8 (3)箱盖凸缘厚度b1=1.5z1=1.5×8=12 (4)箱座凸缘厚度b=1.5z=1.5×8=12 (5)箱座底凸缘厚度b2=2.5z=2.5×8=20 (6)地脚螺钉直径df =0.036a+12= 0.036×122.5+12=16.41(取18) (7)地脚螺钉数目n=4 (因为a<250) (8)轴承旁连接螺栓直径d1= 0.75df =0.75×18= 13.5 (取14) (9)盖与座连接螺栓直径 d2=(0.5-0.6)df =0.55× 18=9.9 (取10) (10)连接螺栓d2的间距L=150-200 (11)轴承端盖螺钉直d3=(0.4-0.5)df=0.4×18=7.2(取8) (12)检查孔盖螺钉d4=(0.3-0.4)df=0.3×18=5.4 (取6) (13)定位销直径d=(0.7-0.8)d2=0.8×10=8 (14)df.d1.d2至外箱壁距离C1 (15) Df.d2 (16)凸台高度:根据低速级轴承座外径确定，以便于扳手操作为准。 (17)外箱壁至轴承座端面的距离C1，C2，(5,10) (18)齿轮顶圆与内箱壁间的距离:,9.6 mm (19)齿轮端面与内箱壁间的距离:=12 mm (20)箱盖，箱座肋厚:m1=8 mm,m2=8 mm (21)轴承端盖外径?D，(5,5(5)d3 D,轴承外径 (22)轴承旁连接螺栓距离:尽可能靠近，以Md1和Md3 互不干涉为准，一般取S,D2. 九、润滑与密封 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the 1.齿轮的润滑 采用浸油润滑，由于为单级圆柱齿轮减速器，速度ν<12m/s，当m<20 时，浸油深度h约为1个齿高，但不小于10mm，所以浸油高度约为36mm。 2.滚动轴承的润滑 由于轴承周向速度为，所以宜开设油沟、飞溅润滑。 3.润滑油的选择 齿轮与轴承用同种润滑油较为便利，考虑到该装置用于小型设备，选用GB443-89全损耗系统用油L-AN15润滑油。 4.密封

方法

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的选取 选用凸缘式端盖易于调整，采用闷盖安装骨架式旋转轴唇型密封圈实现密封。密封圈型号按所装配轴的直径确定为GB894.1-86-25轴承盖结构尺寸按用其定位的轴承的外径决定。 十、设计小结 课程设计体会 课程设计都需要刻苦耐劳，努力钻研的精神。对于每一个事物都会有第一次的吧，而没一个第一次似乎都必须经历由感觉困难重重，挫折不断到一步一步克服，可能需要连续几个小时、十几个小时不停的工作进行攻关;最后出成果的瞬间是喜悦、是轻松、是舒了口气～ 课程设计过程中出现的问题几乎都是过去所学的知识不牢固，许多计算方法、公式都忘光了，要不断的翻资料、看书，和同学们相互探讨。虽然过程很辛苦，有时还会有放弃的念头，但始终坚持下来，完成了设计，而且学到了，应该是补回了许多以前没学好的知识，同时巩固了这些知识，提高了运用所学知识的能力。 十一、参考资料目录 [1]《机械设计基础课程设计》，高等教育出版社，陈立德主编，2004年7月第2版; [2] 《机械设计基础》，机械工业出版社 胡家秀主编 2007年7月第1版 pipe reinforced concrete pipes φ m 107 on September 11 to November 20 2000 m 96 on September 11 to November 20 bars Concrete pipe diameter of 2200 m 46 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE pipe DN400 m 540 on September 11 to November 20 DN300 m 1399 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN600 m 950 on September 11 to November 20 DN800 m 1692 on September 11 to November 20 HDPE HDPE pipe tube DN1000 m 290 on September 11 to November 20 pumped commercial concrete impermeability P6C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 279 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C15 M3 1797 September 11-November 20, pump-delivery commodity concrete C25 (corrosion-resistant) M3 80 on September 11 to November 20 road projects in coarse clean sand M3 688 November 1 – December 30 clean sand M3 105 5-80mm M3 16206 November 2 August-December 17th of November 1 to December 30 gravel, gravel 40m M M3 5799 November 2 August-December 17th, rock fragment 15mm M3 8139 December 15 – November 26 25-40mm M3 17876 December 15 – November 26 gravel 60mm cement P.C32.5 t m3 18902 December 15 – November 26 55.48 on September 8, 2010-January 30, 2011 Xiangfu East Road, Changsha, Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway station construction project, Yuhua district, as well as the municipal level of the network's main road, construction of society and the concern of the public, according to the