Tourism's impacts on destination(旅游对旅游目的地影响)

Tourism's impacts on destination Name ： Number： contents 一．The positive impact of tourism    3 1. The positive impact on the environment of destination.    3 2. The improvement on the economy of destination.    3 (1) Tourism increases the local fiscal revenue.    3 (2) tourism earns foreign exchange.    4 (3) Tourism can provide more employment opportunities.    4 (4) Tourism can cause changes in the structure of the economy    4 3. The activity impact on destination cultural    4 二、The problems that the tourism brings to the destination    5 1. The negative impact on the environment of destination.    5 (1)  Effect on the plants.    5 （2）Effect on the water.    5 （3）Effect on the air.    6 （4）Effects on soil.    6 2. The problems brought to the local economy    6 3. Problems brought on the native culture    6 4. Negative effect on the local people    7 三、The suggestions to reduce the negative effect on destination    8 1. Pay equal attention to exploitation and protection    8 2. Improve the quality of the tourists    8 3. Creating harmonious interpersonal relationship    9 Abstract: Tourism is a double-edged sword.Tthere is no doubt that the tourism industry is one of the extremely potential new industries with the fastest developing speed of our times. With the deepening and sustainable development of economy ,tourism is playing a more and more important role in economic and social development day by day .To the destination, the development of tourist industry is really raising the income of the local residents, improving their living level ,strengthening their environmental protection consciousness, also improving the communication between local destination residents and the external world. All these are advantageous to the whole development of the local destination. At the same time, the development of tourism industry will also bring the negative influence such as a pollution of the environment and traditional culture degeneration. while its development promote the destination environment, economy and culture innovation ,it can also causes some realistic and potential negative impacts to a large extent. These two aspects are intertwined. In generally, social cultural influence cycle is much longer, so it is difficult to clearly define the difference between the two aspects. In most cases, the two aspects can convert into the other .The Environmental Endurance of the destination is limited once it is over the destination’s bear ability, positive influence will convert into negative effect. Meanwhile if we can make effective control over the adverse effects it will contribute to the development of the destination .We can see it is difficult to have a scientific judgment on the tourism. And now we would try to analyze the social effect on the tourism destination from the two aspects of negative and positive sides. And the paper aims  to provide a new train of thought to improve the quality of tourism ,at the same time we can provide some practical suggestions to solve the current problems that inhibit the development of the tourism destination. Key words: Tourism; Destination; Effect  It is agreed by most people that traveling is an activity that a man leaves a place that he usually lives in and is familiar with to stay in the other unfamiliar place not for the purpose of accepting payment but for the pleasure, business, or other purpose. In addition, staying in the unfamiliar place should be no more than one year. And tourism as a product has been defined as a amalgam of three main components: the attraction of the destination, the facilities at the destination, and the accessibility of it . Among the definition of the traveling and the tourism we can clearly see that the destination is an important component in the tourism. And we would analyze the negative and positive effects on the destination. 一．The positive impact of tourism  1. The positive impact on the environment of destination. Tourism is a comprehensive industry based on tourism resources. To develop the tourism, we must protect the destination resources and its surroundings. In addition, tourism will improve the development of restoration of the historical site,old buildings and the museum ,promote some old buildings converted into new tourism facilities construction; and provide protection on the  natural resources. 2. The improvement on the economy of destination. (1) Tourism increases the local fiscal revenue. Because the tourists’ tourism income increases the local government's fiscal tax, the local government just put this fiscal revenue to urban infrastructure construction, driving up the development of other industries. Thus tourism promotes the economy development of tourism destination. (2) Tourism earns foreign exchange. Through the process of promoting international tourism Industry, we can directly obtain foreign exchange earnings from the international tourists' tourism consumption. Foreign exchange income has a great significance for the balance of a country's international revenue; in addition, the development of international tourism is the most important ways to earn foreign exchange except foreign trade (3) Tourism can provide more employment opportunities. Labor obtain employment problem is a big problem plagues countries around the world in the long time. Tourism is a labor-intensive plough industry, so that it can directly or indirectly, creates jobs. Tourism employment is directly from the direct tourist consumption, namely, various kinds of jobs in the tourism industry, such as various reception facilities, shops, hotels, bars and various scenic spots as the number of work. Tourism development will promote the development of other industries, so tourism will provide various indirect job opportunities (4) Tourism can cause changes in the structure of the economy All kinds of demand of consumer will promote the development of production, and create a new way for other departments and industries. Tourism consumption refers to the clothes, live, line, in order to adapt to tourists' consumption structure 。in order to provide convenience for tourists, tourism destination must adjust the industrial structure of economy 3. The activity impact on destination cultural With the development of the folk customs tour and the reception of foreign tourists, some traditional customs and cultural activities which has almost been forgotten get development and recovery in some ethnic minority areas; The traditional handicrafts get development with the expansion of market demanding; Traditional music, dance, drama have been taken seriously of and explored; the endangered heritages, with the development of the folk customs tourism, not only won the rebirth, but also become a country or region's unique cultural resources. Cultural development largely depends upon the recombination of the existing resources, as a result, if a destination owns various cultural resources, the more rich the cultural diversity is, the more chorines the tourists have, and the cultural innovation will become more possible. Every nation can exist independently; it is because they have unique nation's culture different from others, which constitutes the difference symbol among the different nations. Reasonably maintain the cultural diversity of the folk customs can provide powerful resources support for the cultural sustainable development in our country, and keep the cultural development of our country continuous vitality and energy. All in all, tourism will strengthens the connection between the tourism destination residents with the outside world, contribute to the development of traditional resources of destination. 二、The problems that the tourism brings to the destination 1. The negative impact on the environment of destination. (1) Effect on the plants. The development of the tourism industry will have some adverse effect on plants, Such as some forest fires are caused by careless tourists in the fire; Some trees were cut down for wood and tents, which destroys a large number of fine wood; Lots of garbage piled up will lead to  the damage to the ecosystem; what’s more  the pollution made by the tourists and kinds  of cars traffic would also  produce an effect to the plant. （2）Effect on the water.  Tourism activities Based on water resources such as swimming, fishing, boating, if a large number of pollutants flow into the water, will produce a harmful effect to the environment. Tourism and recreation activities will increase the demand of water resources, to a certain extent, will put an extra pressure on the local water supply system, and even causes  water shortage in the  tourism destination. （3）Effect on the air. The transportation used in the traveling such as cars, ship, trains, airplanes will causes serious air pollution. （4）Effects on soil. All kinds of tourist facilities construction will lead to a local vegetation damage, soil structure change, resulting in different levels of soil and water loss, and even cause the geological disasters such as landslides. More serious is that if the landfill leachate is discharged into the environment, the soil and groundwater environment will be polluted severely, 2. The problems brought to the local economy Because of the seasonality of tourism , some tourism related personals would become unemployed in  off-season of destination, and will  increases the economic burden of welfare system. Tourism would also cause a simple economic structure of local economy over-dependence on the tourism must limit the long-term development of the destination. for a living some people will choose change the career . Worsely  the  labor transfer caused by tourism off-season can cause other industries such as agriculture labor shortages. , in turn, affects the normal development of other industries, resulting in more serious imbalance of regional economic development. 3. Problems brought on the native culture The customs and living habits of the local people will be effected by the tourists  and even meet the cultural invasion which would lead to cultural homogeny . The developer of the destination attaching too much focus on the growth of short-term profit, regardless of the social characteristics of the cultural resources of tourist sites, completely fit the tourists' curiosity, which will make the traditional culture of destination meet the consequence of marketization ,commercialization and philistinism. Original cultural value completely replaced by the commercial value, so that the traditional moral concept, value orientation of tourist sites, historical and cultural heritage protection is faced with severe challenges. Such as some developers in order to cater to some tourist's need to develop outmoded conventions and customs  and vulgar activities, More worse ,some developers do not understand the difference between traditional cultures, just copy the culture , and forms the false national culture neither fish nor fowl at last . All these practices lead to the vulgarization of native traditional cultures. 4. Negative effect on the local people The development of tourism may cause two negative attitudes towards the tourist, one is Resentment and the other is Blind Worship.  Resentment by local people toward the tourists can be generated by the apparent gap in economic circumstances, behavioral patterns, appearance, and economic effects. Resentment of visitors is not uncommon in areas where there are conflicts of interests because of tourists. For example, in North America, local people may resent visiting sport enthusiasts because they are “shooting our deer” or “catching our fish”. The demand for goods by tourists may tend to increase prices and cause bad feelings. Blind worship is very common occurred if the local economy is underdeveloped. Some local people blindly imitate tourist's lifestyle and behaviour,the tourist’s values, moral standards and  lifestyle have strong attraction among local people  especially for  young people which causes the traditional morals and values of local people distorted, and even loss of the original simple virtue;