大学英语综合教程三答案(上海出版)

大学英语综合教程三答案(上海出版) -90- Appendix I Vocabulary 2) On balance insurance 1. 1) 4) cut back aside from 3) 6) haul resist 5) 8) sprayedsupplemented 7) 10) illustrated wicked 9) 12) digest budget 11) 14) get by boundary 13) at that point 15) 2) pickup cut back / down 2. 1) 4) get through get by 3) 6) turn in face up to 5) 8) think up turning out 7) While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy. 3. 1) Misused words often generate misleading thoughts. 2) Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and 3) service. A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing 4) every-thing for money. 5) A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life. 4. 1) Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environ-ments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it. 2) This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media. It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale. 3) When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots, pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays. II. Confusable Words 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household 1) doubt 2) suspected 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect III. Word Formation 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 6) upped 5) hows, whys 8) bottled 7) yellowed 10) search 9) lower Slructurc 1.1) when it comes to changing your life 2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy 3) when it comes to emotional intelligence 4) when it comes to managing minor matters 2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong 2) but, unfortunately, money isn't everything 3) not all Americans like them 4) Not all people share the same interests Comprehensive txercises I. Cloze (A) 2. temptation 1. gets by 4. picked up 3. get through 6. aside from 5. improvements 8. supplement 7. suspect 10. primarily 9. profit 12. stacking 11. spraying (B) 1. While 2. escape 3. begin 4. Because/As - 92 - Appendix I 5. quit 6. start 7. on 8. but (also) 9. be 10. close 11. have 12. cutting 13. cook/prepare 14. cities 15. however 16. family II. Translation A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. Part III TextB Comprehension Check l.a 2. c 3.d 4. b 5. a 6. c translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. In addition 2. roast Appendix I - 93 - 4. entertainment 3. percentage 5. cable 6. at one time 7. get along 8. missed out on 3k 9. whip up 10. as a result 1commute 12. rent 1taken over 114. make sense 3. 1. 1mushroomed 16. go with 5. 1fried 18. dizzy 7. 1array 20. gasped 9. Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents' words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth. When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appli-ances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday. In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to their friends who may live thousands of miles from them. The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better. (194 words) Unit 2 Vocabulary I. 1. 1) decades 2) historic 3) imposed 4) racial 5) slender 6) closing in on 7) settlement 8) site 9) mission 10) authorized 11) terminal 12) make the best of 13) exploits 14) religious 15) on the side 2. 1) pass for 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on Appendix I - 97 - 5) let (us) down 6) draw on 7) come up 8) given up 3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their mea- sures to protect the struggling American steel industry. 2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling. 3) There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs. 4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life. 5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run. 4. 1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fisher- men to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (H ? %}$}) in their nets, so signifi-cant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations to lay down more specific laws to save these animals. 2) It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas. th3) A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16 US President Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding exploits. II. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. I'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip. 2. Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 differ-ent basic designs. 3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis. 4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down. 5. In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point. 6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem. 7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework. 8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance. - 9$ - Appendix I III. Usage 1. lonely 2. friendly 3. weekly, monthly 4. lovely 5. cowardly 6. kindly / saintly 7. lively 8. motherly Structure 1. 1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow. 2) Thus encouraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year. 3) Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 coun-tries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease. 4) Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los Angeles. 2. 1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life. 2) Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and disease in the developing countries. 3) With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert. 4) Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to under-stand that the Chinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand". Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. Underground 2. forged 3. stand up 4. transport 5. compelled 6. convictions 7. liberating 8. mission 9. abolish 10. intent on 11. risk (B) 1. who 2. the Appendix I - 99 - 3. along 4. in 5. that 6. through 7. not 8. as 9. referred 10. escape 11. where 12. If 13. in 14. even 15. until 16. instead 17. as II. Translation Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. b Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. remarkable 2. commitment 3. flourish 4. resulted from - 100 - Appendix I 5. grave 6. In the midst of 7. enforce 8. recovery 9. guarantee 10. remedy 11. discriminate 12. with each passing day 13. unlike 14. subjected to 15. at best 16. plays up 17. come a long way 18. do well 19. against all the odds 20. In this context Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S. Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South, where large plantations grew cotton, to-bacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North, however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861. With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end. Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about government action aimed at reducing discrimination. As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites. Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family, however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top 500 companies is black. Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go. (254 words) Appendix I - 101 - Unit 3 Part II Text A Text Organization 1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas. 2) Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use. 3) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors. 4) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the most pleasant of homes. 5) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies. 6) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism. 7) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether the caller is telling lies or not. 8) Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains. 2. Paragraphs Parts Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 In America, the era of leaving the front door on the latch has drawn to a close. Part Two Paras 4-15 A new atmosphere of fear and distrust has crept into every aspect of daily life. As a result, security de- - 104 - Appendix I vices, in varied forms, are put to use. Part Three Paras 16-19 By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our own making. Vocabulary I. 1.1) tranquil 2) analyze 3) by a small margin 4)civilize 5) rural 6)closed up 7) era 8)paste 9) without so much as 10)sideways 11) barricaded 12)hook up to 13) error 14)chart 15) Bathed in 2. 1) bring about 2) looked back on 3) cut off 4) fit into 5) wear (the other) down 6) lies in 7) put up 8) stand for 3. 1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford. 2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger. 3) The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986—killing all seven crew. 4) Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both low in calories and rich in Vitamin C. 5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange. 4. 1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban life. 2) I was puzzled by the word "e-mail" when I came across it for the first time years ago. "What is an e-mail? What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for?" I asked myself. Later, I got to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than physical means. Appendix I - 105 - 3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers fea-turing affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street. II. Collocation 1. away 2. inside/in 3. forward/through 4. back 5. off 6. home 7. back, down 8. in, out III. Usage 1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be. 2. Most men do not look unattractive in them. 3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment. 4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes. 5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life. Structure 1.1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he was just joking. 2) It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the names of flowers. 3) When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything. 4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and difficult to solve? 2.1) If they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be dismissed. 2) Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances are that there will be a cure within the next ten years. 3) If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matter of weeks. 4) He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet. Chances are that he's got stuck in a traffic jam. - 106 - Appendix I Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 2. rural 1. Statistics 4. stood for 3. era 6. vulnerable 5. on the latch 8. at bay 7. barriers 10. reflection 9. electronic 12. civilized 11. puzzle (B) 2. tougher / harder 1. worse / scarier 4. barricading 3. Yes / True 6. not 5. from 8. However 7. every 10. back / at bay 9. say 12. Therefore 11. chances 14. leave 13. when 16. head/brains 15. Don't II. Translation A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars en-tered more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children who happen to be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core, even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home. Appendix I - 107 - Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. b 2. b 3. b 5. a 4. d 6. d translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 2. inflicted 1. impact 4. recommend 3. draw the line at 6. break into 5. circumstance 8. conclude / have concluded 7. take the plunge 10. confirm 9. aggressive 12. insure 11. advocated 14. in our favor 13. departed 16. count on 15. target 18. Under no circumstances 17. head for 20. aimed at 19. on the line Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Why We Are against Gun Control Should Americans oppose gun control? Of course we should. The gun is the great equalizer. It does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you stand at the same height. What's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is, - 108 - Appendix I for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared venture into lands unpro-tected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun? The spirit of our nation thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching? People shooting one another. True, children occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless. (184 words) Unit 4 Vocabulary I. 1.1) rocket 2) garbage 3) knock off 4) complicated 5) locality 6) cursed 7) came around 8) deputy 9) heave 10) caught sight of 11) arrangement 12) blinked 13) isolated 14) disabled 15) regardless of 2. 1) work out 2) passed away 3) go for 4) send for (the doctor) 5) knocked down 6) called on (me) 7) turned down 8) came up with 3. 1) "We want to put the government at your service, giving you what you've paid for," said the incoming president at the inauguration. 2) The doctors are keeping the patient under close observation on account of her critical condition. 3) Apparently the solution to this complicated technical problem is even beyond the wits of the skilled technicians. 4) No two zebras are alike in the details of their black and white lines though they all seem to have the same appearance. 5) I'm really bugged by her persistent complaining about her routine life, soaring prices, the polluted surroundings, and the like. 4. 1) Charlotte has just finished a piece of fiction for the science column of a local weekly newspaper.'lt is about a group of extraterrestrials with keen wits and great strength. They can solve complicated problems and knock down buildings effortlessly. And their appear-ance on Earth changes the whole mode of life of human beings. 2) To my father, retirement doesn't mean isolating himself from society. As a veteran doctor, he has worked out a plan to promote the health of the public and makes supreme efforts to fulfil it. On account of his superb medical capability and kindness, he is respected by old and young alike in the community. 3) Mike's mother is really bugged by her son's attitude to learning. When she is keeping an eye on him, he makes like he is going over his class notes. Once he is left alone, he will 112- Appendix 1 either be hooked on computer games or simply go to bed. Maybe it is time she adopted a more effective approach to his education. II. Usage 1. high 2. easy 3. deep 4. real 5. steady 6. funny III. Word Formation Abbreviation Full Term Chinese Meaning 世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization WTO 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product 自动出纳机 ATM automated teller machine 增值税 value-added tax VAT 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design CAD 信息技术 information technology IT 国际直拨电话 IDD international direct dial 音乐电视 musical television MTV 雷达 radar radio detecting and ranging 国际奥委会International Olympic Committee IOC 大人物 very important person VIP 激光 light amplification by stimulated laser emission of radiation 中央处理器 CPU central processing unit ? Structure 1. 1) Bernard was believed to have been killed in a car-bomb attack a year and a half ago. 2) As a freshman, Jane is so curious about university life that she wants to be involved in all kinds of campus activities. 3) What worries us most is that little seems to have been done to remedy the trade deficit. 4) He got to the railway station only to be told that the train had already left. Appendix I -113- 2. 1) His opponent having gained a lead of almost 60,000 votes, the candidate publicly admitted that he had lost his election bid. 2) All the guests having left his house, the host kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the couch. 3) His voice (being) almost drowned by the big noise from the audience, the speaker had to stop his lecture. 4) The roads being wet and slippery after the heavy rain, I drove very carefully. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 2. complicated 1. deputy 4. caught sight of 3. on account of 6. appearance 5. go over 8. isolated 7. nationality 9. locality 10. organization 11. garbage 12. leave... alone (B) 1. with 2. buried / drowned / lost 4. away 3. at 5. from 6. sign 7. However 8. later 9. figured/found 10. aliens 11. conducted 12. None 13. at 14. times 15. but 16. like 17. so II. Translation < The extraterrestrial has been a topic of interest to experts and laymen / nonprofessionals alike. Researchers of various nationalities and organizations are adopting different modes of in-vestigation in search of extraterrestrials. Some make a close observation of stars with extremely high levels of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements have resulted from extrater- - 114 - Appendix I restrial technology that is still beyond human wits to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals from the "noise" of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials and can even describe their appearance in detail. Researchers work up the complicated data they collect into a series of reports and books. Although no definite answer has yet been found, the explorers' hope shows no sign of fading out on account of their frustrations and they hold to the belief that their hard efforts will prove worthwhile. Part III Text B Comprehension Check l.d 2. d 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. c Translation (#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. detect 2. reliable / stable 3. take ... for granted 4. stable 5. orbiting 6. in theory 7. in connection with 8. evolution 9. existence 10. capable 11. For one thing 12. in other words 13. in the process of 14. endure 15. disposed of 16. is apt to 17. true of 18. universe 19. For instance 20. in particular Appendix 1 -115- Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Pressing Problems on Our Planet I Wish to Discuss with Extraterrestrials Since the visitors could travel such long distances from Venus to our planet, their society must be far better developed and advanced than ours. Therefore, why not, I think, take advantage of their visit and ask for their advice about how to solve some of the most pressing problems we confront here on earth? The number one issue on my list is global warming which is said to be caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. According to the World Meteorological Organization, global warming could increase the Earth's average surface temperature by as much as 5? F(3? C) by 2070. Such a warm planet would lead to a sea-level rise of 6 to 38 inches and consequently would give rise to more floods or droughts, which in turn could finally empty our breadbaskets. Another urgent issue is the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources. Nowadays human society, especially in the developed countries, is what we might call a "throw-away" society. Lunch boxes, beverage containers, chopsticks, or even cameras, are just disposed of as garbage after being used only once. It is reported that to produce 100,000 pairs of chopsticks consumes as many as 17 full-grown trees. Yet to grow a tree of considerable size usually takes tens of years. Unfortunately we have grown used to all this without so much as bothering to ask our-selves: Are there inexhaustible natural resources on Earth for us to waste like this generation after generation? These are the things that worry me most. Do our extraterrestrial visitors have the same prob-lems as we do? Could they show us how to solve them? (269 words) - 116 - Appendix I Unit 5 . ? ? ?? - It6 - Appendix I Vocabulary I. 1. 1) sprinkled 2) in turn 3) reversed 4) repay ? 5) at sea 6) on your behalf 7) statement 8) specific 9) got to 10) in secret 11) unloaded 12) accord 13) weep 14) quote 15) under way 2. 1) came across 2) make out 3) hope for 4) turns (it) over 5) put away 6) brings back 7) got to 8) go about 3. 1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy. 2) Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have. 3) While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated. 4) Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture. 5) Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident. 4. 1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well- being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express. 2) After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta-tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence. 3) Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years. II. Collocation 1, fond of 2. sick of 3. thoughtful of 4. confident of Appendix I - 119 - 5. conscious of 6. critical of 7. guilty of 8. uncertain of -I II. Usage 1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say. 2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success. 3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think. 4. I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out. 5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them. Structure 1.1) Fifty years ago it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young woman's inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and mother. 2) Most young people take tap water for granted because they've never lived without it. 3) I'd always seen them together and just took it for granted that they were married. 4) It is a very common phenomenon among people that the first gift is regarded with affection and the second is taken for granted. 2. 1) The 1980s saw the start of the development of some special economic zones in China. 2) The past decade has seen the release of many films, some of them good, some of them bad, and a few of them very brilliant. 3) The last 100 years have seen the material wealth of humankind explode beyond all previous imagining. 4) We have been at your service for five years. The future will see us developing new ideas and plans to suit more of your needs. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1) at sea 2) Turning over 3) reverse 4) got to 5) repay 6) gratitude 7) appreciated 8) assembled - 120 - Appendix I 9) immersed in 10) unloading 11) swift (B) 1) all 2) reason 3) better 4) for 5) year 6) together 7) because 8) by 9) brings 10) that 11) for 12) the 13) harvest 14) from 15) if 16) reward 17) itself 18) food II. Translation Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it. Part III TextB Comprehension Check l.c 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. c Translation (#J& Appendix III) Appendix I - 121 - Language Practice 1. restless 2. settle down 3. saturated 4. designated 5. compress 6. complains 7. testimony 8. touched on 9. definition 10. referred to 11. bring in 12. spectrum 13. swap 14. gear 15. to the point 16. look over 17. dual 18. advantages 19. kicked out 20. migrate Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Dear Dad, It's Thanksgiving and of course my thoughts are turning home to you. Looking out over the ocean I find myself thinking about how much I owe to you. Yet I have never got round to telling you just how thankful I feel towards you for all you have done for me. There are so many things, I don't know where to start and would never get to the end once I begin. But if I had to pick just one thing it would perhaps be the love of books and reading I learnt from you. Those after-dinner quizzes at the table about the books we had just read and the new words we had picked up, I can see them in my mind's eye as if it were yesterday. Not many are as lucky in their father as I am. So, simply, thank you. Your loving son, Alex - 122 - Appendix I Dear Rev. Nelson, I am writing this on board my ship. It is Thanksgiving. My thoughts have been turning to all those who have done so much for me in the past and how I have never taken the time to thank them properly. Naturally, you were among the first to come to mind. You were, quite simply, the very best teacher a child could wish for. You gave us so many different gifts, but, if I were forced to choose one, then it would be your morning prayers at assembly at the start of each day. Whatever positive things I have done since can often be traced to the impression left by those prayers. For that guidance and all the other things I was lucky enough to learn from you, I shall always be in your debt. Your affectionate student, Alex Haley Dear Grandma, Here I am, on board my ship, and a thousand miles away from your wonderful cooking on Thanksgiving! Standing here at the rail, looking out at the sunset, I've been turning the meaning of Thanksgiving around in my mind and come up with the idea that it is just the time to be giving thanks to those we owe them to. And who better to start with than you? How could I have grown up without your help? You always found just the right way of showing me with those wonderful stories of yours the importance of telling the truth, of sharing and forgiving, of being considerate of others. Quite simply, you sprinkled my life with Stardust. Thank you. Love . • { ... ?? Alex Unit 6 Vocabulary I. 1. 1) flutter/fluttering 2) acute 3) cling to 4) streaming 5) fancy 6) mock 7) fierce 8) masterpiece 9) nonsense 10) bare 11) subtracted 12) victim 13) Sin 14) look the part 15) for the rest ? : • -126 Appendix I 2. 1) gave in/gave up 2) figure out 3) sized up 4) wiped out 5) pulling up 6) wear away 7) sit up 8) hear of / about 3. 1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories. 2) According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University. 3) The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country. 4) There is scarcely any surface water in the desert. 5) The demand for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it. 4. 1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night! 2) Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!" 3) The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunken husband, who was immedi-ately wet through and stumbled backward: " You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!" ? II. Words with Multiple Meanings 1. He went to Paris on business last month. 2. The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m. 3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go. 4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains. 5. Let's go and have a drink in the bar. 6. The store is going to close up soon. 7. South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter-finals. 8. When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone. ? III. Usage 1. a little white wooden house Appendix I -127- 2. long, curly red hair 3. a large old round table 4. a cheap Indian restaurant 5. a huge cool chocolate ice-cream 6. rapid technological advance 7. a handsome young Chinese American Struclurc 1. 1) The kitchen smells of burnt rubber. 2) It smells of rose. 3) It tastes of fish. 4) It tastes of gasoline. 2. 1) I killed the spider by hitting it. 2) The little girl supported herself by selling matches. 3) You can unlock the door by turning the key to the right. 4) She tried to get help by screaming. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. victim 2. in tune 3. Scarcely 4. in a whisper 5. cling to 6. merry 7. sat up 8. nonsense 9. fancy 10. fierce 11. sin 12. masterpiece (B) 1. As 2. whose 3. that 4. or 5. jail 6. Her 7. so 8. buy 9. not 10. figured 11. collect 12. when 13. into 14. deliver - 126 - Appendix 1 15. including 16. feel 17. take 18. Bring 19. in 20. small II. Translation Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be "in tune with" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 2. d 1. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. b Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 2. frail 1. straps 4. switches on 3. dripping 6. snatching 5. Behave yourself 8. furnished 7. stooping 10. has ... in common 9. lose her balance 11. At the rear of 12. tug 13. pop 14. pop out 15. dash 16. catch hold of 17. took off 18. (at) full blast 19. in contact with 20. am / get through with Appendix I - 129 | ? ? : • . ? Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper The Spirit of Kindness The most touching thing about the two stories is the way in which they capture the very best in humanity, the spirit of kindness. This they do through what seems at first sight two unlikely heroes. The old artist appears to be a no-nonsense character, one without any time for sentimentality and softness. Yet we soon see his kindly nature peeping through his rough manner. Only at the end of the story, however, do we discover how kind and considerate he was, the old man risking death to save a girl. A somewhat similar theme can be found in the second story. The boy finds he has bitten off more than he can chew. The woman is more than a match for him. We might expect her to be justifiably angry at the boy and to march him off to the police station. Instead she marches him off to a decent supper and a lesson in kindness and trust that is more likely to turn him away from crime than any punishment. (172 words) Unit 7 Vocabulary 1) pledge 2) betray i. l. 3) transit 4) went off 5) off balance 6) laundry 7) retail 8) disorder 9) limitations 10) section Appendix I - 133 - 11) tilted 12) transferred 13) delivery 14) lean 15) linger 2. 1) messing around 2) hang on 3) was laid up with 4) are gaining on 5) kicked up 6) cool down 7) drop ... off 8) was reaching out 3. 1) It wasn't that she couldn't hear me, but that what I said sometimes didn't register (with her). 2) He strained his back during a practice session. That explains why he was absent from today's game. 3) 5,000 dollars was transferred from Father's account to my account. 4) The winter days here are lean for taxi drivers because there are few tourists. 5) Some people say drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America. 4. 1) Sam was riding his bicycle to work. He was not aware that a car was gaining on him when he made a sudden left turn. Unable to stop his car, the driver knocked him down. Sam was laid up in hospital for months. In time he recovered, but the accident left a permanent scar on his mind. He is now scared of automobiles and has never since ridden a bicycle. 2) John was born a cripple. Even after repeated surgery, he still walks with a tilt. Despite his physical limitations, he successfully completed his college education and developed an interest in literature. He writes fascinating stories and his works enrich the life of millions of young readers. 3) John has recently found himself a job selling insurance. He works on straight commission. Most of the time, he is on the phone but sometimes he sells door to door in some section of his territory. He works so hard we are worried that it might be too great a strain on him. We tell him to slow the pace , but our advice never registers with him. - . . ? ? . - II. Usage 1. I never did go over these books, although I probably should have. 2. I know this is a personal question. You don't have to answer me if you don't want to. 3. I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosophers than it has. 4. "I think you're right." — "I'm sure I am." 5. "He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case." —"Well, it might be." 6. "Sugar?" "No. Maybe next time." - 134 - Appendix I 7. The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothing more. 8. DIANE: You didn't! Tell me you didn't! FATHER: Oh, yes. Anything for my children. III. Word Family 1.1) bored 2) boredom 3) bored 4) boringly 5) boring 2. 1) encouraged 2) encouragingly 3) encouraging 4) encouragement 3. 1) frozen 2) freeze 3) freezing 4) freezer 5) freeze Structure 1. 1) She had to finish reading all the mail that arrived that morning before leaving/she left her office. 2) It took Jane years of hard practice before she learned to write English well. 3) Because they learned it the hard way, they will not trust anyone before he proves himself trustworthy. 4) Before you criticize him, I think you should let him explain why he acted in the way he did. 2. 1) Whenever I felt like talking, they were ready to listen. 2) Are there days when you don't feel like writing? 3) Those who felt like hearing the story again came over and added themselves to the audi-ence. 4) I feel like (going for/taking) a walk. Won't you join me? Comprehensive Exercises I Cloze (A) 2. signature 1. off... feet 4. on the phone 3. commission 6. surgery 5. laid up 8. territory 7. representative Appendix I - 185 - 9. disorder 10. linger 11. applying for 12. dignity (B) 1. in 2. on 3. read 4. But 5. for 6. and 7. on 8. worry 9. Now 10. because 11. then 12. the 13. or 14. have/ bother 15. doing 16. in 17. looking 18. Why 19. money 20. really 21. no II. Translation Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being. Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 2. d 1. c 4. d 3. a 6. b 5. d 136- Appendix I Translation (#B Appendix III) Language Practice 2. campus 1. institutions 4. myth 3. mobile 6. advertise 5. Fantastic 8. management 7. issue 10. blunt 9. criticized 12. cash in on 11. trivial 14. putting ... through 13. took on 16. settled into 15. for once 18. once in a while 17. come down to 20. handy 19. being pushed around Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper A Synopsis The story tells of one day in the life of a salesman, Bill Porter. It attempts to give us some idea of the hardships he faces and the strength of character he shows. For his job is made all the more difficult by a handicap from which he suffers, which makes it difficult for him to move normally. The story starts with Bill struggling to get himself ready to go to work in the early morning. It then follows him on his long journey to work and the discouraging rejections he receives. As the story unfolds, we learn more about his past and his character, how, for example, he followed his father's example in becoming a salesman and how proud he is of his ability to support himself by his trade. We learn how many miles he has to walk, and the household provisions he deals in. In many ways, his life seems bleak. He does not get home until late at night and lives alone. He is getting old. Yet, despite all this, he refuses to give way to self-pity. (181 words) Appendix I - 137 Unit 8 Vocabulary 1) residence 2) gave birth to 3) fuse 4) primitive - 5) genes 6) compromise 7) mixture 8) union 9) beforehand 10) started out 11comment , 12) catalog ) 13theoretical 14) all the world ) 15opposed ) 1) calls for 2) woke up 3) took up 4) runs out of 5) sums ... up 6) broke down 7) lashed out at 8) has grown into 1) The hillside the Pacific is dotted with colorful houses. facing 2) The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative govern- 3) The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that has plagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years. 4) This blood test will show whether or not you're immune to the disease. 5) Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior. 4. 1) I am not opposed to the idea of cloning humans. I believe that in principle it is far less terrifying for a person to use his or her own genetic material to create an identical twin than to use an atomic bomb to kill people. 2) Some people are wondering whether the advances in science have been good. They say that the discovery of atomic energy let loose a power far more destructive than any weap-ons people have invented since ancient times. They think that science has a great potential - 140 - Appendix 1 for doing evil unless we learn to harness it. 3) The young man was a genius and had a brilliant mind for business management. Soon after he inherited from his father a local newspaper, he merged it with another. Today his news-paper has grown into one of the best-known national news dailies. II. Collocation 1) Would you rather she took up residence elsewhere? 2) I'll order tea. Or perhaps you 'd rather have coffee? 3) She would rather work for a living than become dependent on her husband. 4) Yd rather she did not tell you the story. III. Usage 1) An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday, 2) The reason (he gave) that he didn't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 3) Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 4) Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Structure 1. 1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally. 2) It's true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the same period. 3) True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competent manager. 4) "In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks." "True, but we're not in your country, are we? 2. 1) What if the scheme does not work out? 2) What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to clone human beings? 3) What if you can't get home before dark? 4) What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you ? Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. cloning 2. am opposed to Appendix I - 141 - 3. terrifying 4. offensive 5. normally 6. curiosity 7. in principle 8. potential 9. transplanting 10. immune 11. genius 12. identical (B) 1. on 2. producing 3. of 4. that/which 5. both 6. Despite 7. took 8. with 9. human 10. for 11. not 12. but 13. by 14. who 15. opposition/condemnation 16. of 17. what 18. from 19. with 20. when II. Translation After Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The ability to create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many find terrifying and offensive . However the technology holds great potential for medical application. Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or even limbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problem of rejection caused by immune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or they could take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it will be tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year before a replacement heart, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved. Part III TextB Comprehension Check 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. d - 142 - Appendix I 5. b 6. c Translation (#JAL Appendix III) Language Practice enhance 1. prospect 2. condemn 3. necessarily 4. overcome 5. vague 6. rests on 7. was bound to 8. artificial 9. lent ... support to 10. inevitable 11. objections 12. significant 13. subscribed to 14. by virtue of 15. come to terms with 16. in essence 17. had second thoughts 18. vital 19. prohibiting 20. Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper My Views on Human Cloning With human cloning becoming a near-term prospect, we are brought face-to-face with the most basic ethical questions of life. Opinions differ widely as to whether human cloning should be prohibited. True, human cloning clearly has much to offer. By using cells from the patient's own body to grow organs to replace diseased parts, the problem of rejection can be avoided. This might prove useful, for example, in fighting leukemia through bone marrow transplants. But what about making an identical copy of a human being? Ian Wilmut, who created Dolly the sheep, finds the idea offensive. Professor Hank Greely at Stanford also finds the suggestion deeply disturbing. For one thing, the technology is far from perfect. There may be lots of miscarriages and deformed clones. What shall we do with them? Shall we keep the healthy clones and just kill off the ones with a deformed body or defective brains? That, I am afraid, would offend the religious beliefs of a great many people. For another, even if the Appendix I - 143 - technology is perfected, who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes? To clone a Hitler, for example, or to produce new class divisions, with some designed to lead and others designed to serve? Therefore, I am strongly opposed to human cloning for reproductive purposes. The govern-ment should enact laws to prohibit it before it is too late. Non-reproductive cloning, on the other hand, should be encouraged. It may mean hope to many who are waiting desperately for organs for transplantation to save their lives. If used wisely the technology may eventually free humans from many kinds of suffering that today seem unavoidable. (273 words)