初二英语下册学案解析

初二英语下册学案解析 目 录 Unit 1 Do you want to watch a game show?......2 Unit 2 I'm going to study computer science ......10 Unit 3 Will people have robots,..................16 Unit 4 How do you make a banana milk shake,..25 Unit 5 Can you come to my party?................33 Unit 6 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!................................................42 Unit 7 What’s the matter,........................50 Unit 8 I'll help clean up the city parks............58 1 Unit 1 Do you want to watch a game show, 撰稿人:郭素清 审稿人:白雪雁 重点 1. plan (1) 作可数名词，意为“计划，”。 例如: What are your plans? 你的计划是什么, Make a plan for study, please. 请制定学习计划。 (2) 作动词，意为“计划，打算”，其现在分词为planning，过去式和过去 分词为planned。常用于plan to do sth.表示“计划干某事”。例如: They are planning to go hiking this weekend. 他们正在计划本周末远足的事。 2. find out find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后 “弄明白”。通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。例如: Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 【拓展】 (1) find是动词，意为“找到”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调的是找的结果。例如: He didn’t find his book. 他没有找到他的书。 (2) look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调找的动作。例如: Jim is looking for his little dog. Jim正在找他的狗。 3. boring boring是形容词，意为“令人厌烦的”，一般用来说明事物的特征。例如: The story is boring. 这个故事令人厌烦。 bored也是形容词，意为“感到厌烦的”，一般用来说明人的感受。例如: I’m bored with the book. 我对这本书厌烦了。 【拓展】 英语中，带-ing的形容词，用来形容事物，指某事物的性质、特征，意为“令人……的，让人……的”，常用事物来作主语或作定语来修饰物。而带-ed的是用来形容人的，意为“感到……的，使人……的”，其主语是人，类似的词有: exciting 令人兴奋的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 moving 令人感到的 excited (人)感到兴奋的 interested(人)感兴趣的 moved(人)感动的 tiring 令人厌倦的 surprising令人惊讶的 tired(人)感到疲倦/累/厌烦的 surprised(人)感到惊讶的 4. stand (1)stand用作不及物动词，意为“站(着)，站起来”。例如: My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. (2)stand也意为“(物体)立在(某处)，位于(某处)”。例如: 2 The village stands at the foot of the hill. 那个村庄位于山脚下。 (3)stand意为“忍受”， 常用于否定句或疑问句，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形 式。例如: I just can't stand the cold. 我受不了那么冷。 I can't stand sitting and doing nothing. 我受不了整天坐着无事可做。 【拓展】 有关stand的常用短语: stand against 反对 They all stood against the war. 他们都反对战争。 stand for 代表，表示 X often stands for an unknown number. X经常代表一个未知数。 stand out 突出;显著 Her talent stood out in comparison with the others. 与其他人的技能相比，她的技能突出。 5. expect (1)expect表示“期待，期望”，通常为及物动词，直接加宾语，还可接不定式的复合结构。例如: We should not expect success overnight. 我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。 That's just what we expected. 那正是我们所期望的。 He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。 (2)expect还可表示“预计，预料”等，后接动词时要用不定式，不用动名词。例如: I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。 I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。 I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。 (3)expect后可接 that 从句，若从句谓语为否定，注意否定的前移。例如: I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。 6. appear appear用作连系动词，其意为“似乎，好像”，其后的表语可以是: (1)不定式 例如: He appeared to be talking to himself. 他仿佛在跟自己讲话。 She doesn’t appear to know anything about it. 她似乎对此一无所知。 (2)形容词 例如: He appears quite well. 他显得身体相当好。 He appears quite rich. 他似乎相当富有。 (3)名词 例如: He didn’t want to appear a fool. 他不愿显得像个傻瓜。 It appears a true story. 这似乎是一件真事。 3 (4)从句 It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。 It appears (that) the plane did not land in Rome. 似乎飞机并未在罗马着陆。 7. successful success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数名词;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如: Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。 【拓展】 (1)succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物动词。如果表示做某事成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth.。例如: His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。 At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那个问题解决了。 She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。 (2)successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。例如: The performance was successful. 演出很成功。 It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。 8. common common意为“普通的，共同的，一般的(无比较级)”。例如: It's a common mistake.这是常见的错误。 The flower is common in spring这种花春天很常见。 【拓展】 辨析:common, ordinary, usual, normal (1)common“常见的，普遍的”(即“司空见惯的”意思)。例如: common names 常见的名字; common mistakes 常犯的错误; common sense 常识 common 还有“共同的”意思。例如: common interest 共同的兴趣; common language 共同语言; common market共同市场 (2)ordinary 普通的，平凡的(强调“平淡无奇”)。例如: an ordinary worker 一个普通工人; ordinary-looking 相貌平常的 (3)usual 通常的，惯常的(强调“遵循常例”)。例如: It is a usual thing with him. 这件事他习以为常。 (4)normal 正常的，正规的 (即“合乎标准”)。例如: normal temperature 正常体温;normal state 正常状态 9. unlucky unlucky是lucky的反义词，意为 “不幸的”。例如: Some people think it is unlucky to look at a new moon through glass. 有些人认为透过玻璃看新月是不吉利的。 【拓展】 (1)luck是不可数名词，意为“运气, 好运, 幸运 ”。good luck to sb.表示“祝某人好运”，bad luck意为“倒霉”。例如: 4 She had no luck finding a job. 她很不幸,找不到工作。 I wish you luck =Good luck to you! 祝你好运! (2)Lucky作形容词，意为“幸运的”。例如: He is a lucky dog. 他是个幸运的家伙。 (3)luckily是副词，意为“幸运地,幸亏,侥幸”。例如: Luckily there was a doctor on the spot. 幸运的是现场有一位医生。 10. dress up dress up (in) 表示“穿上……盛装，用……装饰”。例如: Children dress up in costumes at night on Halloween. 在万圣节晚上孩子们穿上盛装。 He went to the party and dressed up as an old soldier. 他去参加了晚会，而且扮成了一个老兵。 【拓展】 辨析:dress, put on, wear, have on dress 表动作，后常接人作宾语。例如: The boy can dress himself. 那个男孩能自己穿衣服了。 put on表动作，宾语是衣服、鞋帽袜、手套、眼镜等。例如: Put on more clothes or you’ll get cold. 多穿点衣服，否则你会冷的。 wear表状态，宾语范围很广，可以是衣服类名词，还可指佩带首饰、手表、 徽章以及留发型、胡须等。例如: Miss Li is wearing a yellow dress today. 李老师今天穿一件黄色的连衣裙。 have on是静态，多用于口语。例如: She always had a red coat on. 她总是穿一件红色的外套。 词汇精练 I. 英汉词组互译。 1. action movie _________ 2. 查明，弄清_________ 3. take sb’s place_________ 4. 愿意迅速做某事_________ 5. do a good job________ 6. 装扮，乔装打扮________ 7. talk show_______ 8. 才艺表演________ 9. can’t stand ________ 10. 肥皂剧________ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。 1.The film is very e_______. I want my daughter to see it. 2. They a_________ to be satisfied with the result. 3. Look! What’s h _______ over there? 4. We had a d________ about TV shows in class yesterday. 5. I h_______ to be a teacher like Mr. Wang one day. 6. The Smiths p______ to visit the Great Wall this summer. 7. Student life is never ________(无聊), is it? 8. Such behavior is ________ (司空见惯) to all young people. 9. One of the keys to ________(成功的) business is careful planning. 5 10. Visitors considered themselves _______(幸运得)to find some rooms . III.从方框中选择恰当的词汇并用其适当的形式填空。 stand, bore, go on, expect, come out, try one’s best, think of, ready to 1.Can you tell me what’s _________ around the world now? 2.The little girl ________ to get a gift from her mother. 3.The film is so ________ that I don’t want to see it. 4.I can’t ________ the loud music so I don’t like it at all. 5.Tom is friendly and helpful. He is always _______ help others. 6.What do you _______ the new film? 7.I will ________ to make my dream come true. 8.Her new novel _______ last year. I like it very much. 【参考答案】 I. 英汉词组互译。 1.动作片 2.find out 3.代替，替换 4. be ready to do sth. 5.干得好 6.dress up 7.脱口秀 8.talent show 9.不能忍受 10.soap opera II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。 1. educational 2. appeared 3.happening 4.discussion 5.hope 6.plan 7. boring 8. common 9.successful 10. lucky III.从方框中选择恰当的词汇并用其适当的形式填空。 1.going on 2.expects/expected 3. boring 4.stand 5.ready to 6.think of 7.try my best 8.came out 句式精讲 1. I don’t mind them. mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、 条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。例如: Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗, Don’t mind me.不要管我。 【拓展】 mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。例如: He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。 Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。 2. I love soap operas. 动词love表示 “喜欢、喜爱”，与like同义，后可跟名词、代词、动名词或动 词不定式作宾语。...would like to do sth. 也可以表示为would love to do sth. ,意 为“愿意做某事”。 例如: ,Would you like to go shopping with us? 你愿意和我一起去买东西吗, ,Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我愿意去。 We love each other. We want to spend our lives together. 我们彼此相爱。我们希望共度一生。 3. He was always ready to… ready是形容词，意为“有准备的”。 be always ready to do sth. 表示“乐于做某 事”。例如: She is always ready to help others. 她总是乐于助人。 6 【拓展】 (1)get ready for意为“为……做准备”，强调动作。 例如: The farmers are getting ready for the next year. 农民们正在为明年做准备。 All the students are getting ready for the sports meeting. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。 (2)be ready for意为“为……做好了准备”，强调状态。例如: They are ready for the party. 他们为聚会做好了准备。 (3)get sth. ready意为“把某物准备好”。 例如: Please get your school things ready. 请把学习用具准备好。 I will get the lunch ready. 我会把午餐准备好。 4. one of the main reasons is that…. one of…意为“……中的一个”或“……之一”，后接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰时，形容词应用其最高级形式。one of…作主语时，应看成单数。例如: One of the girls is my sister. 这群女孩当中有一个是我的妹妹。 Mike is one of the tallest students in our class. 迈克是我们班最高的学生之一。 Miss Li is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 李老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。 5. Because I hope to find out what’s ... hope意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式或宾语从句，但表达“希望别人做某事”时，需用hope that从句。例如: I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。 【拓展】 hope与wish的辨析: so to do sth. 注意:没有hope sb. to do sth.的用法 hope + that从句 表示很有可能实现的主观愿望 for sth. sb. to do sth. 能接sb.的复合结构 sb. sth. 能接双宾语 wish + to do sth. 可与hope互换 that 从句 用虚拟语气表示不太可能实现的愿望 例如: My mother wishes/hopes to find her lost watch somewhere. 我妈妈希望在什么地方找到她丢失的手表。 7 I wish you to finish the work in time. 我希望你及时完成这项工作。 句式精练 I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。 1. I can’t stand talk show.(对划线部分提问) _______do you ______ ______talk show, 2. My grandma watches TV every day. (对划线部分提问) ______ ________ ______ your grandma watch TV? 3. Li Ming is thirteen years old. Lucy is thirteen, too.(合成为一句) ______ Li Ming _______ Lucy are thirteen years old. 4. The story isn’t as interesting as that one. (改为同义句) The story is _______ ______than that one 5. To defend our motherland is our duty.(改为同义句) It is our duty _______ ________ our motherland. II. 连词成句。 1. It，stupid，me，not，your advice，was，of，take，to ____________________________________________ 2.her wish，scientist，is，be，a，to __________________________________________ 3. Our，task，main，to，is，hard，study ____________________________________________ 4. you，like，attend，would，to，the meeting ________________________________________________ 5. I'll, you, how, to, show, the computer, use __________________________________________________ II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. 这首歌是最流行的歌之一。 The song is______ _______ _______ ______ ______ songs. 2.金先生想了解一些中国文化。 Mr. King _______ ________ ________ _______about Chinese culture( 3(如果你努力工作，就会成功。 You _______be _______if you _______ ________( 4(让我们讨论一下，来找出答案。 Let’s have a _______about this and ______ _______the answer( 5(琳达期待父母给她买一辆新的自行车。 Linda _______her parents ______ buy a new bike _______her( 6(自行车游让人放松而且使我高兴。 The bike trip was _______and it _______me very _______( 7(约翰想看脱口秀，因为是令人享受的。 John wants_______ _______talk shows because they're _______( 8.他在比赛中表现得很好。 He did ______ very________ _______ in the match. IV. 从方框里选择填入对话相应空白处的适当选项。 A. When and where shall we meet? B. How shall we get there? 8 C. What are you going to do? D. Are you free tomorrow? E. Would you like to see some old things with me? A: Hello, this is Ann. Is that Helen? B: Yes, speaking. A:Helen, the happy weekend is coming. (1)___________ B: Yes, I’m not busy. I’ve already finished my homework. A: ( 2) ____________ B: I’ve no idea. What about you? A: Let me see. Let’s do something interesting and helpful. ( 3) ___________ B: Certainly. Where? A: In the new museum. B: Oh, I remember. I heard of it last week. ( 4) _____________ A: By bike. It’s Saturday tomorrow. The traffic must be heavy, I think. B: I agree. ( 5) _____________ A: At the gate of our school at nine in the morning. 【参考答案】 I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。 1.What, think of 2.How often does, 3.Both, and 4.less interesting 5.to defend II. 连词成句。 1. It was stupid of me not to take your advice. 2. Her wish is to be a scientist. 3. Our main task is to study hard. 4.Would you like to attend the meeting, 5. I'll show you how to use the computer. III.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. one of the most popular 2. wants to know something 3. will, successful, work hard 4. discussion, find out 5. expects/expected, to, for 6. relaxing，made，happy 7. to watch/see, enjoyable 8.a, good job IV. 从方框里选择填入对话相应空白处的适当选项。 1.D 2.C 3.E 4.B 5.A 9 Unit 2 I am going to study computer science 词句精讲精练 撰稿:郭景华 审稿:郭素清 词汇精讲 1. grow up grow up意为“长大;成熟;成长”。 例如: I grew up in Beijing. 我是在北京长大的。 I want to be a football player when I grow up. 我长大后相当一名足球运 动员。 【拓展】 (1)grow into意为“长大成为”。例如: Mary grew into a beautiful girl.玛丽长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。 (2)grow还有“种植;增长”的意思。例如: The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton. 这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼。例如:稻谷、小麦和棉花。 The population of the world is growing faster and faster. 世界人口增加得越来越快。 2. make sure make sure,be sure，意思是“确信”，它的后面可以跟that(可省略)引导的宾语从句、动词不定式或of短语，例如: I am sure of his guilt.我确定他有罪。 I am sure to help you tomorrow.我明天一定会帮你。 he will achieve his goal. 我确定他会实现目标的。 I am sure(that) 3. education education是名词，意为“教育;教育学”。例如: Everyone wants to have a good education. 每人都想有一个良好的教育。 His lack of education is a disadvantage when he looks for a job. 他缺少教育，这在找工作时是一个不利条件。 【拓展】 educational是形容词，意为“教育的，有教育意义的”，常作定语。例如: The staff should make sure the kids have an enjoyable and educational day. 老师们应该确保孩子们度过愉快而有教育意义的一天。 Several educational methods are being used at present. 很多种教育的方式目前正在被使用。 4. send send是及物动词，意为“寄，发送”，过去式和过去分词都是sent，其后能接双宾语，即send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.。例如: He sent me a postcard. = He sent a postcard to me. 他寄给我一张明信片。 【拓展】 动词接双宾语时，有两种结构: (1) 动词 + 间接宾语(sb.) + 直接宾语(sth.) (2) 动词 + 直接宾语(sth.) + 介词(for/to) + 间接宾语(sb.) 能接双宾语的动词可分为两类: 10 (1)常用介词to的动词有:send; give; show; bring; show; teach; tell等。例如: give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. (2)常用介词for的动词有:buy; sing; make; cook; get等。例如: buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 5. resolution resolution为可数名词，意为“决心;决定”，常与make形成固定词组搭配:make a resolution意为“做决定;下决心”。例如: People write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. 人们写下他们的决心以及对来年的计划。 He made a resolution to study hard. 他下决心要努力学习。 6. hobby hobby为可数名词，意为“业余爱好;兴趣”，其复数形式为hobbies。 例如: I collect stamps as a hobby. 我的爱好是收集邮票。 My hobbies are letter writing, football, music, photography, and tennis. 我的业余爱好是写信、踢足球、听音乐、玩摄影和打网球。 My hobby is to read books. 我的爱好是读书。 7. agree with agree with意为“同意……;赞成……”，后面接表示人或表示“意见;观 点”的词。 例如: She agreed with me. 她同意我的意见。 I quite agree with what you said. 我完全同意你说的话。 【拓展】 (1)agree to意为“赞同;同意”，后面接表示“计划;提议;办法;安 排”等词，to是介词。例如: They agree to my idea. 他们同意我的想法。 Do you agree to this arrangement? 你同意这个安排吗, (2)agree还可以用于that从句前，表示“同意;一致认为”。例如: We all agreed that it was a good plan. 我们一致认为这是一项好计划。 It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要 再开一次会。 8. personal personal是形容词，意为“个人的;私人的”。例如: This is a personal letter. 这是一封私人信件。 Can I ask you a personal question? 我可以问你一个私人问题吗, 【拓展】 11 personality是名词，意为“个性;性格”。例如: She has such a kind, friendly personality. 她个性善良友好。 It completely depends on your personality. 这完全由你的性格决定。 9. improve improve是动词，意为“改进;改善;提高”。例如: You’d better work out a plan to improve your writing skills. 你最好制定一个精心提高写作能力的计划。 We haven’t discovered how to improve it. 我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。 【注意】 improve的意思是“改进;使更好(make better)”，已包含better之意， 因而不能再与better连用。 【拓展】 improvement是名词，意为“改善;改进;提高”。例如: This essay represents a considerable improvement on your recent work. 这篇说明你最近的工作取得了相当大的改进。 10. discuss discuss是动词，意为“讨论;商量”。常用短语为:discuss sth. with sb. 意为“和某人谈论某事”。例如: We discussed our plans for the new term. 我们讨论了我们的新学期计划。 You needn’t discuss this matter with me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。 【注意】 discuss一般不直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构或从句。例如: They are discussing how to do it. 他们在讨论该怎么做这件事。 We discussed when we should leave. 我们商量了该什么时候动身。 【拓展】 argue与discuss的辨析 (1) argue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论据，以理说服他人。例如: There is no need arguing about the matter. 不必就此事辩论了。 (2) discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有说服对方的成分。例如: We’re going to discuss the question. 我们打算讨论这个问题。 词汇精练 ?. 根据句意补全单词。 1(—Do you know the ______(意思)of this word? —Sorry，you can look it up in the dictionary( 2(Sorry，we don't know my mother's ______(爱好)( 3(What can we do to ______(提高)my Chinese，Ms Dai? 12 4(Well，boys and girls，you can ______(讨论)it in groups( ?. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1(Last week Lisa ______(send)me a doll( 2(I don't like these ______(foreign)because they're not friendly( 3(Oh，in fifteen minutes(I ______(cook)for you，Jim( 4(It's not polite to ask others ______(person)questions( (When my son ______(grow)up，I want him to be a doctor( 5 6(Just now his mother ______(agree)to take us to see her office( ?. 汉译英。 1. 自我改进;自我提高_______________ 2. 同意;赞成____________________ 3. 写下;记下_____________________ 4. 属于某人自己的___________________ 5. 在…….开始____________________ ?. 选词填空。 engineer，send，medicine, grow，college， 1(Take the ______ and then you'll be OK soon( 2(His father is an ______( 3(What are you going to be when you ______ up? 4(They are going to ______ me this postcard( (Next year his sister is going to ______( 5 promise，discuss，weekly，own，beginning 6(My sister usually makes resolutions at the ______ of the year( 7(Let's ______ his biology report，shall we? 8(Did your mother ______ to buy a new bike for you? 9(He prepares ______ programmes in this room. 10(Well，this is my ______ room( 参考答案 ?. 根据句意补全单词。 1. meaning 2. hobby 3. improve 4. discuss ?. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空 1. sent 2. foreigners 3. will cook 4. personal 5. grows 6. agreed ?. 汉译英 1. self-improvement 2.agree with 3.write down 4. of one’s own 5.at the beginning of ?. 选词填空。 1.medicine 2. engineer 3. grow 4.send 5. college 6. beginning 7. discuss 8. promise 9. weekly 10. own 句式精讲 1. have to do with… have to do with…意为“关于;和……有关系”，其同义句为“be to do with…”; 其否定句为“have nothing to do with…”意为“与……无关”。例如: The accident was to do with his carelessness. 这次事故与他的粗心有关。 13 This book has to do with computers.这是一本关于电脑方面的书。 This matter had nothing to do with me. 这件事与我毫无关系。 2. We make promises to other people. promise为可数名词，意为“承诺，诺言”。例如: Give me your promise that you'll never be late again. 答应我你绝不再迟到。 promise常用的词组有: give/make a promise 许下诺言 keep a promise 信守诺言 carry out a promise 履行诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 【拓展】 promise作动词，意为“允诺，答应”。常用下列结构: (1) promise sb. sth.,promise sth. to sb. 例如: I can't give you the book, I've promised it to Suan. 我不能给你这本书，我已答应把它给苏珊了。 (2) promise to do sth. 例如: He promised to help us. 他答应帮助我。 (3) promise，that从句 例如: He promised me that he would be here at six. 他答应我他将在六点在这儿等我。 3. have … in common have…in common意为“在……有共同之处。”中间常加much，something， nothing等不定代词表示“有很多、一些共同之处或没有共同之处”。例如: They are brothers, but they have nothing in common. 他们虽然是兄弟，但却没有一点共同之处。 Their views have much in common with mine. 他们的观点跟我的有很多共同之处。 【拓展】 common还有“普通的，常见的，一般的(无比较级)”的意思。例如: It’s a common mistake. 这是常见的错误。 The flower is common in spring这种花春天很常见 4. There are different kinds of resolutions. kinds of 意为“多样的”，其中的kind为可数名词，意为“种类”;其常用搭 配为:a kind of 意为“一种”;all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。常用来修 饰名词。例如: This is a kind of bird. 这是一种鸟。 There are all kinds of birds in the tree. 树上有各种各样的鸟。 There are many kinds of fishes in the lake. 湖里有许多种鱼。 【拓展】 kind of意为“有点”，相当于“a little”。例如: I am kind of hungry. = I am a little hungry. 我有点饿了。 5. They are going to take up a hobby. take up意为“学着做;开始做”。例如: I want to take up painting during the holiday. 我想在假期学习绘画。 14 He left a job in the city to take up farming. 他辞去城市的工作，开始务农。 Angela used to be a model and has decided to take it up again. 安杰拉以前当过模特，现已决定重操旧业了。 【拓展】 take up还可意为“占据;占用”。例如: The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。 I don’t want to take up your time. 我不想占用您的时间。 句式精练 ?. 句型转换。 1(Kang Kang is going to be a reporter when he grows up((就划线部分提 问) ______ is Kang Kang going to ______ when he grows up? 2(His brother practices basketball every afternoon((用this afternoon替换 every afternoon改写句子) His brother ______ ______ ______ ______ basketball this afternoon. 3(Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement((改为同义句) Many resolutions _______ _______ _______ _______ self-improvement. 4(—Is your brother going to be an engineer? (作肯定回答) —______，______ ______. 5(I don’t do well in writing stories((改为同义句) I'm not ______ ______ writing stories( ?. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1(他是篮球队员吗? Is he a ______ ______? 2(这对双胞胎在很多方面都有共同之处。 The twins ______ _______ ______ _______. 3(米勒先生是一位公交车司机。 Mr(Miller is a ______ ______( 4(我想成为一名护士，但是对此没有把握。 I want to be a nurse，but I'm ______ ______ ______ it( 5(凯特要去上表演课。 Kate is going to ______ ______ ______( 6(我们都想取得好成绩。 We all want to ______ ______ ______. 7(实际上决心是一种承诺。 In fact a resolution is a ______ ______ ______. 8(此事与韩丽无关。 This matter has ______ ______ ______ ______ Han Li( 9(你应该制订每周的学习计划。 15 You should make a ______ ______ for school work 10(托尼决定开始培养新爱好。 Tony decided to ______ ______ a new hobby( ?. 补全对话。(有两个多余选项) A(I'm sorry to hear that( B(I'm going to make the baseball team( C(What was the matter with you? D(What are you going to do next year? E(How are you going to do that? F(What did you do yesterday? G(When did you go to see the doctor? A:Hey，Linda(I didn’t see you yesterday(__1__ B:I had a stomachache( A:__2__ Did you see the doctor? B:Yes，he said there was nothing serious with me. __3__ A:I made my New Year's resolution( B:Really? __4__ A:I'm going to take piano lessons( B:That sounds good( A:What about you，Linda? B:__5__ I really love baseball( 参考答案 ?. 句型转换。 1. What; be 2. is going to play 3. are to do with 4. Yes; he is 5. good at ?. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. football player 2. have much in common 3. bus driver 4. not sure of 5. take acting lessons 6. get good grades 7. kind of promise 8. nothing to do with 9. weekly plan 10. take up ?. 补全对话。(有两个多余选项) 1. C 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. B 16 Unit 3 Will people have robots? 词句精讲精练 撰稿人:白雪雁 审稿人:郭景华 词汇精讲 1. during during是介词，意为“在……期间”。例如: I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing. 我在北京逗留期间去北京看我叔叔了。 【拓展】 during;in与for (1) during指“在……时间内，在……的期间”。谓语动词常为表示持续性的动作或状态的动词，时间段前常有限定词(the; 物主代词等)，表特指。例如: He asked many questions during the three meetings. 在这三次会议期间，他问了许多问题。 (2) in意为“在……时间内”，一般情况下可以和during互换，用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点;during既可表示“在整个时间段期间”，也可表示“某时间段内的某个时间点”。例如: Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class. 在这节课内，Mike举了三次手。 (3) for意为“(时间)长达……”，强调时间由始至终，动作也贯穿这段时间的始终，可以和完成时连用。强调持续时间的长短，回答how long的提问;而during则是指动作所发生的时间，回答when的提问。例如: He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。 He swims every day during the summer. 夏天他每天去游泳。 2. in 100 years in 100 years意为“100年之后”，是由“介词in + 一段时间”构成，表示“在……之后”，多用于一般将来时。对此短语提问时常用how soon。例如: I will finish the task in two hours. 我将在两个小时后完成这项任务。 【拓展】 in;after与later 词语 词性 特点 用法 介词 以现在时间为起点的“一段时?用于将来时 in 间以后(之内)”。 ?接一段时间 介词 以过去时间为起点的“一段时?用于过去时，并接一段时间 after 间之后”。也可用于将来的时间?用于将来时间点之后，表将来 点之后。 副词 一段时间 + later ? 一段时间 + later，常用于过去 later 时 ? later单独用，可用于过去时或 将来时 例如: He will get there in three days. 他将在三天后到那里。 17 He started on Monday and arrived in Beijing after three days. 他星期一出发，三天后到达北京。 I’ll be free after Friday. 我星期五之后有空。 Ten years later, the old man died. 十年后，那位老人去世了。 3. few/less/more (1) fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词，意为“更少”。例如: There will be fewer people in the future. 将来人会更少。 (2) less是little的比较级，修饰不可数名词，意为“更少”。例如: There is less snow this year. 今年下得雪更少。 (3) more是many和much的比较级，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，意为“更多”。例如: I want more water. 我想要更多的水。 She wants more books to read. 她想要读更多的书。 4. as a reporter as在此意为“作为;以……身份”。例如: She worked as a teacher for ten years. 她当了10年的教师了。 【拓展】 as与like (1) as常作连词，有“像……一样”的意思，其后多接从句;作介词，意为“作为”，其后多接表示职业、职务、用途、作用之类的名词。例如: Don’t make the same mistakes as I did. 不要犯像我一样的错误。 He worked there as a volunteer. 他作为一名志愿者在那里工作。 (2) like作介词，意为“像……”，只侧重比较，后多接名词或代词。例如: Li Ping looks like my brother. 李平看起来像我的弟弟。 5. hundreds of hundreds of 表示“数百，成百上千的”这时hundred后要加-s，且后面有介词of，但是不能与数词连用。例如: There are hundreds of people in the restaurant. 在餐馆里有成百上千的人。 【注意】 hundred是数词，意为“百”，当表示具体的“几百”时，用“基数词 + hundred”，注意不加-s。例如: There are nine hundred students in our school. 我们学校有900名学生。 【拓展】 表示数词的还有thousand“千”，million“百万”，billion“十亿”。它们的用法和hundred一样，可以用来表示约数和确数。 6. be able to be able to意为“能够做某事”。able为形容词，意为“有能力的;能干的;会”。able前面加前缀“un”，表否定。例如: She is able to answer the question. 她能回答这个问题。 The child is not able to write. = The child is unable to write. 这个孩子不会写字。 【拓展】 can与be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形can和过去式could两种形式，18 在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to常常指经过努力，花费 了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。例如: Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。 He could speak English at the age of 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。 We’ll be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。 He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。 I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。 We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon. 我们能在中午到达山 顶。 7. on on作介词可以表示 (1)在……之上。例如: Your book is on the desk. 你的书在桌子上。 (2)附近，靠近。例如: He is on my right. 他在我的右边。 (3)在……的时候。例如: get up late on Sundays. 周日我起得较晚。 I (4)关于。例如: He gives us a lecture on how to learn English. 他给我们做了一个关于怎么学习英语的报告。 (5)通过(某种方式)。例如: I study English on radio. 我通过收音机学英语。 8. free (1)表示“空闲的;免费的;自由的”等。例如: He gets a free afternoon once a week. 他每周有一个下午空闲。 Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗? The prisoners wish to be free again. 囚犯们希望重获自由。 (2)be free to do sth.意为“自由地做某事”。例如: You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。 Please feel free to ask questions. 有问题请随便问。 9. already/yet already作副词，意为“已经;早已”。例如: I have already finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 【拓展】 already与yet (1)already意为“已经”，常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义 动词之前。用于疑问句时表示“惊喜;意外”之意。例如: The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 Is it 5 o’clock already? 已经五点了吗, (2)yet意为“已经;还”，用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如: Have you finished yet? 你完成了吗, He hasn’t finished it yet. 他还没有干完呢。 10. believe believe作动词，意为“相信;认为有可能”。例如: 19 I don’t believe him. 我不相信他。 (1) believe用作及物动词时，后面可跟名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语，也可接that从句(表示将来)充当直接宾语的双宾语。例如: I believe that man. 我相信那个人。 Everybody believed her. 大家都相信她。 He believed what his friend told him. 他相信他的朋友告诉他的话。 I believe you that he will be there. 我相信你他会在那里。 (2) believe后接从句如果表示否定，否定词往往要放在主句里。例如: I don’t believe he can fix the bike. 我认为他修不好这辆自行车。 【拓展】 believe sb.与believe in sb. believe与believe in都有“相信”的意思。其区别在于:believe sb.表示相信某人说的话是真的;而believe in sb.则指相信某人的人格。例如: I can believe him, but I cannot believe in him. 我可以相信他的话是真的，但是不相信他的为人。 词汇精练 I. 英汉词组互译。 1(太空站 _________ 2(over and over again _________ 3(hundreds of _________ 4(be able to _________ 5(fall down _________ 6(寻找 _________ (参与 _________ 8. in 100 years _________ 7 II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。 1(Please write the new words on the ______(纸)( 2(It’s good for us to p______ many trees( 3(I want to be a writer in the ______(将来)( 4(If there were more trees on the earth, there would be less p______( 5(Children need a happy home ______(环境)( 6(Mum often tells him not to play on the street, because it’s too d______( 7(My father works in a big f______( 8(I'll help you if ______(可能的)( 9(She will be an ______ (宇航员) like Liu Yang in five years. 10(Jack was a______ to read and write when he was four( III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1(We _______(buy) him a pen for his birthday tomorrow( 2(Mr. Wang _______(give) us a talk about history next week( 3(It _______(be) Thanksgiving Day(感恩节)the day after tomorrow( 4(John has _______(few) pens than his sister( 5(Xiao Li eats _______(much) vegetables and _______(little)meat than before( 6(Our home is a _______(peace) village. 7(The scientist has many famous _______(prediction). 8(Kids _______(study) at home on computers in 100 years. 【参考答案】 I. 英汉词组互译。 1(space station 2(多次;反复地 3(许多;大量 20 4(能够做某事 5(倒下;跌倒;倒塌 6(look for 7(play a part 8. 一百年以后 II. 根据句意及首字母填空。 1(paper 2(plant 3(future 4(pollution 5(environment 6(dangerous 7(factory 8(possible 9(astronaut 10(able III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1(will buy 2(will give 3(will be 4(fewer 5(more;less 6. peaceful 7. predictions 8. will study 句式精讲 1. Do you think…? Do you think…? 意为“你认为……,”通常用来征求对方的意见或看法。后面常接宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。简略回答应根据从句内容。例如: — Do you think he will come here?你认为他会来这里吗, — Yes, he will. 是的，他会的。 【拓展】 do you think还可用作插入语，在特殊疑问句中放在特殊疑问词之后，疑问句其他部分用陈述句语序。例如: What do you think the robot will do? 你认为这个机器人将会做什么, Where do you think he will be? 你认为他会在哪里, 2. There will be… There will be是there be句型的将来时形式，也可用there is/are going to be… 来表将来时。 例如: There will / are going to be a lot of personal cars in our town. 在我们小镇上将有许多私家车。 There will/is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow. 明天我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 【注意】 there与be动词连用表示“有”，不能与have连用出现在同一句话中。 3. However, some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people… 此句中make作使役动词，make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，后接省略to的动词不定式，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如: The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。 They made us forget the past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。 【注意】 make在被动用法中，动词前必须要加上to。例如: She is made to repeat the whole story. 她被要求重述一遍整个故事。 4. Scientists are now trying to make robots look like humans… try意为“努力、试图、尽力做某事”。可作及物动词或不及物动词。作及物动词时，可构成以下结构: sth. 尝试某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 21 doing sth. 尝试做某事 例如: I’ve tried the new machine. 我已经试过了这台新机器。 We’ll try to answer all the questions. 我们将尽量回答所有的问题。 We tried growing our own vegetables. 我们尝试自己种菜。 【拓展】 try的相关短语: try one’s best to do sth. 相当于do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力……”。 try on试穿 try out 试用，试验 have a try 试一试 5. Some will look like humans, and others might look like animals. look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如: He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。 That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have. 那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。 It looks like it's going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。 【拓展】 (1) take after意为“像……，与……相似”。最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如: She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。 Adam is my grandfather and I take after him. 亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像 (2)be similar to意为“与……相似”，一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。例如: His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。 句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示，完成句子，每空一词。 1(机器人将来会帮我们做家务。 The robots _______ _______ us _______ housework in the future( 2(没有人知道将来会发生什么事。 No one knows what _______ _______ in the future( 3(孩子们将不用上学了，他们在家里用电脑学习。 Children _______ go to school(They _______ _______ at home on computers. 4(100年之后人们还使用钱吗? _______ people _______ money _______ 100 years? 5(明天的天气如何? What _______ the weather _______ _______ tomorrow? 6(我和我最好的朋友住在一所公寓里。 I ______ in ______ ______ with my best friend( 7(今年我将要去香港度假。 I’ll ______ a ______ in Hong Kong this year( 22 8(机器人能够反复地做一些简单的工作。 Robots can do ______ jobs ______ ______ _____ _______. 9(对孩子们来说醒来并知道他们在哪里是容易的。 It’s easy for children ______ ______ ______ and know where they are( 10(蛇形机器人能够帮助寻找压在建筑物下面的人。 Snake robots are ______ ______ help ______ ______ people under the buildings( II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。 1(There were some trees near the river((用next year改写句子) There _______ _______ some trees near the river next year( 2(Will they stay at home on Sunday?(作否定回答) _______，_______ _______ 3(Will the flowers come out soon?(作肯定回答) _______，_______ _______ 4(We'll go out for a walk with you((改为否定句) We _______ _______ out for a walk with you( 5(Jinan will have a fine day((改为一般疑问句) _______ Jinan _______ a fine day? III(用more, less, fewer完成句子。 1. There will be ________________(更多的建筑)in 50 years. 2. Students will have ________________(更少的家庭作业)to do. 3. There will be ________________ (更少的污染)here. 4. Kids will have ________________(更少的计算机)in their classrooms. 5. There will be ________________(更多的图书馆)in this city. 6. There will be ________________(更少的树)in the park. IV. 补全对话。 A. She likes reading and drawing. B. But some people say that we look the same. C. What else do you like about Helen? D. What about you? E. Harry is more athletic than me. Mike: Who is your best friend, Connie? Connie: Helen. Mike: Why? Connie: Because she likes to do the same things as I do.1__________ Mike: Do you like reading and drawing, too? Connie: Yes, I do. Mike: 2__________ Connie: She is more outgoing than me. I am a little bit quiet. 3____Who is your best friend? Mike: My best friend is Harry. Connie: Is he like you? 23 Mike: No, he isn’t. 4__________ And I’m more outgoing. 5__________ Connie: Oh, I also think you look the same. 【参考答案】 I. 根据汉语提示，完成句子，每空一词。 1(will help;with,do 2(will happen 3(won’t;will study 4(Will;use;in 5(will;be like 6(1ive;an apartment 7(take;holiday 8(simple;over and over again 9(to wake up 10(able to;look for II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。 1(will be 2(No;they won’t 3(Yes;they will 4(won’t go 5(Will;have III(用more, less, fewer完成句子。 1. more buildings 2. less homework 3. less pollution 4. fewer computers 5. more libraries 6. fewer trees V. 补全对话。 1-5 ACDEB 24 Unit 4 How do you make a banana milk shake, 词句精讲精练 撰稿:王红艳 审稿:王晓丽 词汇精讲 1. add 作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构: (1)add… to… 意为“把……加到……”， 例如: Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。 (2)add to表示“增加;增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如: Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty. 参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。 (3)add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如: Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me. 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。 (4)add up to 意为“总计;加起来结果是”。例如: All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900. 2. turn on turn on是动副短语，意为“打开”，反义词为turn off，意为“关闭”。例如: Please turn on the radio. 请打开收音机。 Please turn off the light. 请关灯。 【拓展】 (1)在英语中，由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只 能放在动词与副词之间;如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以 放在副词之后。turn与off; on; up; down; over搭配均是动副结构。例 如: Please turn the tap off. Don’t turn it on. 请把水龙头关掉，别打开。 Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. 打开电脑。 (2)turn on与open的辨析: turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turn off。 open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如: I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV. 我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。 Please open the door for me. 请为我开门。 (3)与turn相关的短语: turn up (把音量)调大，调高 turn down (把音量)调小，调低 turn in 上交 turn into使成为;翻译成 turn out关;熄灭(灯、煤气等) turn to转向 turn over翻转 3. cut up cut up意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cut into pieces。cut up后跟代词作宾语 时，代词应放在cut和up之间;接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。25 例如: cut it(them) up 把它(它们)切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎 【拓展】 cut意为“切;割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。 常见搭配: cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕 相关短语: cut away砍掉，剪去 cut down (自根部)砍倒 cut in(车辆)超车，抢道;插嘴 cut off停止，中断，切掉 cut out突然熄灭，裁掉，删除 4. pour ….into… pour…into…意为“把……倒进……里”，意义相当于put…into…，但 pour …into…通常强调倾倒液体;而put…into…既可以放液体，也可以放 固体。例如: He poured the milk into the cup. 他把牛奶倒进杯子里。 You must put them into the blender. 你得把他们放进搅拌器里。 【拓展】 (1)pour意为“倾倒;灌;浇”。例如: Please pour me a cup of tea. / Please pour a cup of tea for me. 请给我倒杯茶。 pour也有“(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨”的意思。例如: It never rains but it pours. (谚)屋漏偏遭连阴雨。/ 一波未平，一波又起。 (2)in和into的区别: in和into都可表示“在(到)……里面”，有时可以互换，但侧重点不 同。in是表示物体位置的静态介词;into是表示动作方向的动态介词， 常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用;当与put; fall; throw等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onto。例如: I found him in the classroom. 我在教室里找到了他。 Please help me carry the books into the classroom. 请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。 5. put …into… put意为“放，放置”，put…into…相当于put…in…意为“把……放进……里”。例如: He put that book into the box. 他把那本书放进了盒子里。 put…into…还有“把……译成……”的意思。例如: Put the sentence into English, please. 请把这个句子翻译成英语。 【拓展】 put的相关短语: put away把……收起来放好 put on穿上 put off推迟，延期 put out熄灭 put down放下 put up建造;挂起;举起 put…on…把……放在……上 26 6. first first是副词，意为“首先，第一次”，在句中的位置较灵活。例如: When did you first meet him? 你是什么时候第一次遇见他, 【拓展】 (1)first作序数词，意为“第一”。例如: the first month of the year 一年的第一个月 (2)first作形容词，意为“第一流的;最重要的”。例如: the first man in the country 国家的领袖人物 (3)first作名词，意为“最初，首位”。例如: at first 起初;首先 from first to last自始至终 7. next next 的用法: (1)副词， 意为“紧接着;随后;下一次;其次”。例如: When shall we meet next? 下一次我们什么时候见面, (2)作形容词， “下一个的;接下来的; 隔壁的;(空间上)最近的“。例如: Next Sunday 下个星期天 next week 下周 next door 隔壁;邻家 next room 隔壁房间 (3)作名词，意为“下一个”。例如: the year after next 后年 Next，please! 下一位 (4)作介词， 意为“在……旁边”。例如: a seat next the fire 炉子旁边的座位 8. finally finally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾， 位于句中时，要放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 例如: They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。 He worked out the math problem finally. 他终于解出了那道数学题。 【拓展】 finally; at last和in the end的辨析: finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后一个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终 于实现了的含义。侧重最后的结果。例如: They talked about it for hours, finally they decided not to go. 他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。 at last强调经过曲折后才达到目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先 后顺序，并且在句中的位置较为灵活。例如: When they found him at last, he was almost dead. 当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。 in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才达到目的时，与at last的用 法一样，且位置较为灵活。但在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如: He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman. 他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。 27 9. fill fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。 Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。 He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。 【拓展】 full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。例如: Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我。 The train was traveling at full speed. 火车正全速前进。 be full of 意为“充满……的”。例如: The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 10. piece (1)piece 可数名词， 意为“部件，碎片，一件/个/张”。词组“in pieces” 意为“碎片，碎块”，其中的in可以用into替换，更有动感。例如: The glass broke into pieces. 玻璃杯被打成了碎片。 What happened? Why is my desk in pieces? 发生什么事了?为什么我的桌子散架了, (2)a piece of是piece构成的常用词组，意为“一张、一片、一件”。例如: There is a piece of good news. 有一则好消息。 This is a great piece of art. 这是一件极好的艺术品。 词汇精练 ?. 英汉互译。 1. put… into … 2(打开(电源开关) 3. cut up 4. 混合在一起 5.peel the bananas 6. 一杯酸奶 7. five spoons of honey__________ 8. 把……加到……__________ 9. pour…into…__________ 10. 一件艺术品 ?. 根据首字母提示或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. What’s the _______ (气温) today, 2. Please put some _______(黄油) on the cake. 3. These _______ (旅行者) come from different countries. 4. Father is making chicken_______ (三明治) for us. 5. F_______, the kings decided to go to China for vacation. 6. We Chinese often s_______ hands when we meet people for the first time. 7. It’s not good for your health to eat too much _______ (食盐). 8. I need your help. Can you p the potatoes? 9. If you’re thirsty, you can have a piece of w . 10. What should we do ______ (接下来), ?. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. How watermelons do we need? (much) 2. We still need ten . (orange) 3. Would you cut up some for me? (tomato) 4. Ten minutes for you to make your favorite . (sandwich) 28 5. Our teachers are to us. (friend) 6. Please _______ (full) the bottle with water. 7. First, put some mustard on two ______ (piece) of bread. 8. I need ______ (buy) some bread. 9. Let’s ______ (make) the milk shake together. 10. ______ (catch) the train, I got up early this morning. 参考答案 ?. 英汉互译。 1. 把……放进……里 2. turn on 3. 切碎 4. mix up 5. 剥香蕉 6. a cup of yogurt 7. 五勺蜂蜜 8. add… to… 9. 把……倒进……里 10. a piece of art ?. 根据首字母提示或者汉语提示补全单词。 1. temperature 2.butter 3. travelers 4. sandwiches 5. Finally 6. shake 7. salt 8.peel 9.watermelon 10. next ?. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. many 2. oranges 3. tomatoes 4. sandwiches 5. friendly 6. fill 7. pieces 8. to buy 9. make 10. To catch 句式精讲 1. 以动词原形开头的祈使句 本课中出现的Turn on the blender. / Peel the bananas.等都是祈使句。祈 使句是一种表示请求、命令或建议语气的句子。例如: Speak a little more slowly! (表请求) 说得稍微慢一点～ Go out at once! (表命令) 立刻出去～ Drink some water and have a good rest. (表建议)喝点水，好好休息。 祈使句的主语一般为第二人称you，但通常省略，谓语动词用动词原形。 祈使句的否定形式多以Don’t + 动词原形构成。在表示客气的请求时， 常在句首或句尾加please。例如:Be quiet, please. 请安静。 Keep your e-mail as short as possible. 电子邮件要尽可能写得简短。 Don’t forget to buy me some milk on your way back. 回来的路上别忘了给我买些牛奶。 Don’t make the same mistake. 不要犯同样的错误。 2. Let’s make fruit salad. (1)本句是一个祈使句，句式为“Let’s do sth.”意为“让我们……吧。”主要 用来提出建议和请求, 劝对方一起做，包括听话者在内。它的否定式 是“Let’s not do sth.”，意为“让我们不做某事”。例如: Let’s play games together. 我们一起做游戏吧。 Let’s not tell anyone. 我们谁也别告诉。 (2)“Let us do sth.”意为“让/允许 我们做某事”，表示提出请求，请对方 允许，不包括听话者在内。例如: Let us go with you, my dear mother. 亲爱的妈妈，让我们和你一起去 吧。 【拓展】常见的其他表示建议的句式 (1) Shall we…? 我们……好吗, 例如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们一起去散步好吗, 29 (2) How about/What about…? ……怎么样, 例如:How / What about listening to the music? 听音乐怎么样, (3) Why don’t you…? / Why not…? 为什么不……呢, 例如:Why don’t you go swimming? = Why not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢, 3. how many…与how much… how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问，意为“多少”，前者主 要用来对可数名词进行提问，后接可数名词复数形式;后者主要用来对 不可数名词进行提问，后接不可数名词。另外，how much还可以直接 用于询问价格。例如: ,How many books are there on the desk? 桌上有几本书, ,There are five. 有五本。 ,How many weeks are there in a year? 一年有多少个星期, ,There are fifty-two. 有五十二个。 ,How much is your schoolbag? 你的书包多少钱, ,It’s 100 yuan. 一百元。 ,How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶, ,There is only a little. 只有一点儿。 【注意】 how much对价格提问，后接be动词时，be动词是单数形式还是复数形 式，取决于be之后的名词。例如: ,How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱, ,Two yuan a kilo. 两元一公斤。 ,How much is the dictionary? 这本字典多少钱, ,Forty yuan. 四十元。 4. Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and … 本句中的then意为“然后”，是副词，then在句子中常侧重于表示下一个 动作“在……之后”，常与and连用， 构成“…and then…”。例如: Open the window, and then look out of it. 打开窗户，然后向外看。 【拓展】then常见用法如下: (1)then 作副词，意为“然后、其次、于是”。例如: First comes spring, then summer. 先春天，后夏天。 He went to England, and then to Germany. 他先到了英国，然后去了德国。 (2)then 作副词，意为“那么”。例如: Then why did you do it? 那么你为什么做这件事呢, All right then, do what you like. 那好吧，你愿意做什么就做什么。 (3)then 作名词，意为“那时“(作介词宾语)。例如: by then 到那时 from then on 从那以后 since then 从那时起 till then 到那时为止 5. How do you make a milk shake? (1)这是一个特殊疑问句。疑问词how意为“怎样，如何”，用以对做某 事的、方式、途径及动作程度等进行提问，例如: 30 How does the machine work? 这台机器运转的怎么样, (2)make 在此处意为“做”，后面可以接双宾语(指人的间接宾语和指 物的直接宾语)。通常的结构是:make+间接宾语+直接宾语;make+ 直接宾语+for+间接宾语。即: make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 例如: She made us coffee. = She made coffee for us. 句式精练 ?. 完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 然后，把瓶子里装满水。 ______, ______ the bottle ______ water. 2. 到了做晚饭的时间了。 _______ _______ ______ cook dinner. 3. 请用一块布把这张桌子盖起来。 Please ______ the desk ______ a piece of cloth. 4. 你如何做苹果奶昔, ______ do you _____ an apple milk shake? 5. 让我为你做些水果沙拉。 ______ me ______ some fruit salad ______ you. 6. 你需要在汤里放点盐。 You ______ ______ ______ some salt in the soup. 7. 把鸡蛋一个一个地放进热水中 Put the eggs into the hot water ______ ______ ______. 8. 吉娜通过给她的中国朋友写信来学习汉语。 Gina learns Chinese ______ ______ to her pen pal in China. 9. 打开果汁机两分钟。 ______ ______ the blender ______ about two minutes. 10. 午饭，我们通常吃肉和加了蔬菜的米饭。 We usually have meat and rice ______ ______ for lunch. ?. 句型转换，每空一词。 1. There are sixty minutes in an hour. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ ______ are there in an hour? 2. The watermelon is 15yuan (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is the watermelon? 3. Pour the tea into the cup. (改为否定句) ______ ______ the tea into the cup 4. Let’s make an apple milk shake. (改为同义句) ______ ______ making an apple milk shake? 5. You must cut up three onions. (改为祈使句) ______ ______ three onions. 6. You need to put two cups of sugar on it. (改为否定句) You _______ _______ _______ put two cups of sugar on it. 7. Drink the milk shake every day. (以he为主语改写句子) ______ ______ the milk shake every day. 8. Alice has to look after her sister today?.(改为一般疑问句) 31 ______ Alice ______ to look after her sister today? 9. teaspoon, mayonnaise, sandwich, one, put, of, on, the(.)(连词成句) _______________________________________________ 10. The banana milk shake is very delicious.(对划线部分提问) ______ do you ______ the banana milk shake? ?. 根据对话内容，在空白处填上适当的词。 A: How do you 1 a turkey sandwich? B: Well, 2 put some mayonnaise on a slice of bread. A: How 3 mayonnaise ? B: Oh, about a teaspoon. A: OK. What 4 ? B: Next cut up some tomatoes. A: How many 5 ? B: Well, one is probably enough. Put the tomato on the sandwich. Then cut up an onion, too. A: Sounds good. What 6 the turkey? B: Next, put some turkey slices on the sandwich. A: How 7 turkey slices? B: About three. A: OK. Is that all? B: Not quite. Put some relish on the turkey. A: How 8 ? B: Two teaspoons should do it. And don’t forget the lettuce. A: Sounds delicious. B: 9 , put another 10 of bread on top. A: Great! 1(________ 2(________ 3(________ 4(________ 5(________ 6(________ 7(________ 8(________ 9(________ 10(________ 参考答案 ?. 完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. Then fill, with 2. It’s time to 3. cover, with 4. How, make 5. Let; make; for 6. need to put 7. one by one 8. by writing 9. Turn on; for 10. with vegetables ?. 句型转换。 1. How many minutes 2. How much 3. Don’t pour 4. What / How about 5. Cut up 6. don’t need to 7. He drinks 8. Does; have 9. Put one teaspoon of mayonnaise on the sandwich. 10. How; like ?. 根据对话内容，在空白处填上适当的词。 1-5: make, first, much, else, tomatoes 6-10: about, many, much, Finally, piece 32 Unit 5 Can you come to my party? 词句精讲精练 撰稿人:郭素清 审稿人:白雪雁 词汇精讲 1. prepare for prepare作动词,意为“准备”。其用法归纳如下: (1) prepare sth.意为“准备……”,宾语是所准备的内容。例如: Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房准备饭菜。 He had a speech to prepare that evening.那天晚上他得准备一个报告。 (2) prepare to do sth. 表示“准备做某事”。例如: Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出纸,准备 给父母写信。 He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正准备去旅行。 (3) prepare for sth.表示“为……做准备”。例如: He is busy preparing with great care for the Congress. 他们正忙着精心准备这次代表大会。 Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,做最坏的准备。 epare sth. for... 表示“为……准备某物”。例如: (4) pr Please prepare the table for the dinner. 请摆好桌子吃饭。 You must prepare a room for the guest. 你必须为客人准备一个房间。 2. hang out hang out是动副结构的短语，意为“闲逛”。例如: I hung out with my friends and took lots of photos. 我和朋友们一起闲逛，还拍了许多照片。 【拓展】 hang的其他搭配:hang about=hang around 闲逛，徘徊，逗留;hang up挂断(电话);hang on不挂断; hang意为“逗留，悬挂”时，过去式和过去分词都是hung;hang还有“吊死，绞死”的意思，但当hang意为“吊死，绞死”时，其过去式和过去分词都是hanged。例如: Thick clouds hung low and covered the sky. 厚厚的云低悬着，遮住了整个天空。 He was hanged at Landsberg prison on June 8, 1951. 他与1951年6月9日在兰茨贝格监狱被绞死。 3. invite invite作及物动词，意为“邀请，招待”。常用结构为:invite sb. to do，invite sb.+副词或介词短语，表示“邀请某人做某事, 邀某人去某地”。例如: They’ve invited us to stay for the weekend. 他们已邀请我们留下来度周末。 Who have you invited to your house for your birthday party? 你请了谁到家里来参加你的生日晚会, 33 4. accept accept作动词，意为“同意, 承认”。例如: It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。 【拓展】 receive与accept的辨析: 两个词都作动词用，都表示“接受，收到”之意，但在用法上有所不同。 receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系，着重于行为本身，不涉及收到者是否同意。动作本身有一定的被动性。accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所决定，强调经过主语的考虑而接受。动作本身是主动的。例如: I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it. 昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬，但我拒绝接收。 5. refuse refuse作动词，意为“拒绝”。常用搭配有:refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 (作为不及物动词) ;refuse sb. sth.为某事拒绝某人(作为及物动词) 例如: He refused to change his mind.他拒绝改变主意。 The United States has refused him a visa. 美国拒绝给他发放签证。 She refused their invitation.她拒绝了他们的邀请。 6. reply reply既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词，还可作名词。 (1)作不及物动词，意为“回答”，可用“reply to(sb. /sth. )”表示“对……做出回答”。例如: He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。 What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量，他做何反应? (2)作及物动词时，其意为“回答，回答说”。例如: He replied that this was absolutely impossible. 他回复说这是绝对不可能的。 She sighed, but didn’t reply. 她叹了口气，没有回答。 (3)作名词时，意思为“答道，答复”。例如: A few weeks later I received a reply. 几个星期后，我收到了她的回信。 I called out a challenge, but there was no reply. 我提出挑战，但是没人回应。 7. without without是介词，意为“无，没有”，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。without构成的介词短语具有否定含义，在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如: I can’t do it without your help. 没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。 He went to school this morning without having breakfast. 他今天早上没吃早饭就去上学了。 【拓展】 without的反义词是with，表示“拥有，带有”。例如: She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination. 她是个充满活力的年轻女性，富有忍耐力和想象力。 34 Mr. Brown bought a garden with a beautiful lake. 布朗先生买了一个带有漂亮湖泊的花园。 8. surprised surprised 是形容词，意为“吃惊的，感到惊讶的”，句子的主语通常是人。例如: I’m surprised at the accident. 我对这起事故感到很吃惊。 How surprised the students are! 学生们是多么吃惊啊～ 【拓展】 (1)surprising也是形容词，意为“吃惊的，令人惊讶的”，常修饰物。例如: He told me something surprising. 他告诉我一些令人吃惊的事情。 (2) surprise作动词时，意为“使……惊奇，使……感到意外、吃惊”。例如: What surprised you? 什么事使你感到意外, (3) surprise作名词时，意为“吃惊，惊讶”。这种吃惊可能包含着“高兴、害怕或忧虑”。例如: He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。 (4)作名词用时还可构成短语: to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”。 in surprise意为“吃惊地”。 例如: To my surprise, he passed the exam. 使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。 He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。 9. available (1)available作形容词，意为“现成可使用的，可获得的，便利的，有效的”。例如: I'll send you all the books available. 我将把我能得到的书给你寄去。 My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的自行车现在不能用, 因为正在修理。 The season ticket is available for three months. 季票有效期为三个月。 (2)available还表示“可会见的,可取得联系的”。例如: The doctor is not available now. 医生现在没空。 He was not always available to everyone. 并不是人人总能找到他。 10. miss miss为动词，意为“想念，思念”。例如: I’ll miss you when you go to Canada. 你到了加拿大以后，我一定会想你。 【拓展】 (1) miss作动词还有“未击中，未抓住”的意思。例如: I tried to hit the ball but I missed. 我努力地想击中球，但却未成功。 (2) miss还可意为“未赶上，错过”，是动词。例如: I missed the football match on TV last night. 我错过了昨天晚上电视中的足球赛。 (3) miss与like; mind; finish; enjoy; practice; be busy; stop; can’t help; give up等词一样后接动词的-ing形式。 例如: 35 I don’t want to miss seeing that film on television tonight. 我不想错过今晚在电视上看那部影片的机会。 词汇精练 I. 英汉词组互译。 1. prepare for ________________ 2. 闲逛________________ 3. take a trip _______________ 4. 答复某事________________ 5. hear from sb.________________ 6. 后天 ________________ 7. another time________________ 8. 盼望，期待 ________________ 9. turn down________________ 10. 前天 ________________ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全单词。 1(—Let's play football tomorrow! —Sorry(I'm afraid I can't(I have to study for an e______ 2(—What’s wrong with you，Mum? —I have the ______(流感)，and I feel terrible( 3(—Are you a______ after school? —No(I'm very busy(I have to look after my little cousin( 4. She was polite but she didn't ________(邀请) me in. 5(—Can you a______ the gift from Mr(Green? —Yes(I like it very much( 6. We asked him to come, but he ________(拒绝). 7(—Do you know how to c______ a fish in the water? —Yes(It's easy( 8. Man can’t live w__________air and water. III. 从方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式完成句子。 help，meet，prepare，too many，have，play，too much 1(I'm going to ______ my friends tomorrow( 2(—Can you ______ your parents at home? —Of course(I often help them do housework( 3(—What are their doing? —They ______ for the Chinese test( 4(—What's the matter，Tim? —Well，I ______ the flu( 5(—Can you ______ tennis with me? —Sure(Let’s go( 6. —Would you like to play soccer tomorrow morning? —I’d love to，but I have ______ homework to do( 7. There are ______ people in the supermarket( IV. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1(The grandmother ______(have) to stay at home to look after her baby( 2(I'd love ______(help)you( 3(Thanks for ______(ask)me to your party( 4(They all look forward to ______(visit)their new house( 5(Let's help the old woman ______(cross) the road( 36 6(They invite their teacher ______(come)to the party( 7(I refuse ______(accept)his invitation( 8(We are all ______(surprise)at the ______(surprise)news( 9(Who is making an ______(invite)，do you know? 10(Tomorrow we’ll have ______(a)exam. 【参考答案】 I. 英汉词组互译。 1.为……做准备 2.hang out 3.去旅行 4. reply to sth. 5.收到某人来信 6.the day after tomorrow 7.别的时间 8. look forward to 9.拒绝 10. the day before yesterday II. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全单词。 1. exam 2. flu 3.available 4. invite 5. accept 6.refused 7. catch 8. without III. 从方框中选择适当的单词并用其正确形式完成句子。 1.meet 2.help 3.are preparing 4.have 5. play 6.too much 7.too many IV. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.has 2.to help 3.asking 4.visiting 5.(to)cross 6.to come 7.to accept 8.surprised,surpring 9.invitation 10.an 句式精讲 1. Can you come to my party? can是最常用的情态动词，其后接动词原形，否定形式为can’t。用法如下: (1) can表示有能力做或能够发生，有“能，会”的意思。例如: I can run fast. 我能跑得快。 She can speak Japanese. 她会说日语。 【注意】can在表示“能力”时，可与be able to互换使用，be able to 有更多的时态， 常被用来表示can所不能表示的将来时或完成时。例如: They will be able to run the machine on their own in three months. 三个月后，他们能自己操作这台机器。 (2) can表示允许，意为“可以”。例如: Can I read your newspaper? 我可以看一下你的报纸吗, You can put your bike here. 你可以把自行车放在这里。 (3) can用于疑问、否定或感叹句中，意为“会，可能”。例如: This can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。 Today is Sunday. He can’t be at school. 今天是周日，他不可能上学。 (4) can 表示可能性，意为“可以，可能”。例如: Our classroom can seat 50 students. 我们教室能坐50名学生。 2. Oh, but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday. until意为“直到……”，有下列用法: 作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。 作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如: We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 37 She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 【拓展】 (1) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (2) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如: The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 3. I have to study for a math test. have to意为“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况要求某人必须做某事，有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形。例如: She isn’t very well these days and she has to stay at home. 她这些天身体不太好，不得不待在家里。 Do you have to do everything? 什么事都得你做吗, She doesn’t have to come this afternoon. 今天下午她不必来。 【拓展】 must与have to的辨析: have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意，有多种时态形式;否定式为don’t have to意为“不必”。 must侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事;只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去);否定式mustn’t 意为“一定不要;不允许”。例如: You must do your homework first. 你必须先做作业。 It’s raining. I have to stay at home. 正在下雨，我不得不待在家里。 4. She helped me to improve my English so much. help常用在句式: help somebody (to) do something.或help somebody with something.意为“帮助某人做某事”。 例如:I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。 Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。 【拓展】 help的常用短语: can’t help doing sth 意为“禁不住做某事”。例如: She couldn’t help crying when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，禁不住哭了。 help oneself to 意为“随便用……”。例如: Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼吧。 with the help of 表示“在……的帮助下”。例如: I work out the problem with the help of the computer. 借助电脑，我解决了这个问题。 5. Let me know if you need my help. 从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来 的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是 否”。例如: 38 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 【拓展】 if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句;if意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句。要注意在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子，if引导的从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如: If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here. 如果这场雨不停的话，我们就呆在这儿。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点，否则你就迟到了。 6. What a great idea～ What a great idea～是一感叹句式，感叹句的句型结构如下:通常由what或how引导，一般各有三种情况: What引导的感叹句: (1)What a(an)，形容词，可数名词的单数形式，主语，谓语～ What a new watch it is! 多新的一块手表啊～ (2)What，形容词，可数名词的复数形式，主语，谓语～ What interesting books the children are reading! 孩子们读的书多么有趣啊～ (3)What，形容词，不可数名词，主语，谓语～ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊～ How引导的感叹句: (1)How，形容词或副词，主语，谓语～ How tall the girl is! 那个女孩多高啊～ (2) How，形容词，a(an)，可数名词的单数形式，主语，谓语～ How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊～ (3) How，主语，谓语～ How time flies! 时间过得多快～ 句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(每空一词) 1(星期三你能来参加我的聚会吗, ______ you ______ ______ my party ______ Wednesday? 2(我得去看望我的姑姑。 I ______ ______ visit my aunt( 3(这个周末我有太多的作业要做。 I have ______ homework ______ do this weekend( 4. 我在期待你的回复。 I’m looking _______ to your ________. 5(感谢邀请。 ______ ______ asking( 6(我很乐意帮助你学英语。 39 I am glad ______ ______ you ______ your English( 7. 我想他不会拒绝我的。 I _______ _______ he _______ _______ me. 8. 如果你错过了这次机会，还会有另一个机会的。 _______ chance will come along _______ ________ _______ this one. 9. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。 I’m not yet_______ ________we could win. 10. 直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。 He _______ _______his mistake_______ his mother told him. II. 按要求变换句式。 1(Can you come to my birthday party? (作肯定回答) __________________________________________ 2(What a good idea it is! (改为陈述句) It is _______________________________________ 3(We like her because she is a nice teacher((就划线部分提问) __________________________________________ 4(I am going to study for the English test this evening((就划线部分提问) __________________________________________ 5(What about planning a party for her? (改为同义句) ________________ planning a party for her, 6(The new city is beautiful.(改为感叹句) _________________ the new city is ! 7(The weather is bad，please stay at home.(改为感叹句) _________________ it is! Please stay at home( 8(I have to study for a test((变为否定句) I _________________ study for a test( 9(—Can Mary go to your birthday party? (做出否定回答) —____________. 10(I often visit my aunt on Sundays((用the day after tomorrow改写句子) I’ll _________ my aunt _______________________. III. 从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话(有多余选项)。 A. The boy who was eating an apple? B. I must look after it well. C. But I had it a minute ago. D. It’s a photo which was taken a few years ago. E. No, it wasn’t. F. And he was stronger than me, too. G. How did you get on? B: Come in, Tom. This is my bedroom. A: OK. Look at the photo on the wall, Jim. B: 1 A: Who is the boy in the photo? B: 2 40 A: Yes, you are right. B: It’s me. I was five year old then. A: And the boy who was taller than you was your brother, wasn’t he? B: Yes, it was. 3 A: Was the small house which was behind you very old? B: 4 Though the house was very small, it was new then. A: It’s really an old photo you should take good care of! B: You bet! 5 【参考答案】 I. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1.Can，come to，on 2.have to 3. much，to 4.forward，reply 5.Thanks for 6.to help，with/learn 7. don’t think, will refuse 8. Another, if you miss 9. sure if 10. didn’t realize, until II. 按要求变换句式。 1. Yes，you can. 2. a good idea. 3.Why do you like her, 4.What are you going to do this evening, 5. How about 6. How beautiful 7. What bad weather 8. don’t have to 9.No, she can’t. 10. visit, the day after tomorrow III. 从方框中选择恰当的选项补全对话(有多余选项)。 1. D 2. A 3.F 4.E 5.B 41 Unit 6 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 词句精讲精练 撰稿人:王晓丽 审稿人:王红艳 词汇精讲 1. upset (1) upset可作形容词，意为“难过的;失望的;沮丧的”。例如: Don’t get so upset. 别那么沮丧。 After she died I felt very, very upset. 她去世之后，我非常非常难过。 (2) upset还可作动词，意为“使心烦意乱，使生气”。例如: She warned me not to say anything to upset him. 她警告我不要说任何让他不高兴的话。 Don’t upset yourself, Ida. 别自寻烦恼了，艾达。 (3) be upset with sb. 意为“生某人的气”。例如: She is still upset with me. 她还在生我的气。 2. advice advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如: a piece of advice一条建议 Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。 【拓展】 (1) give sb. advice (on) 给……提(有关……)的建议。例如: Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well? 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗, (2) take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 例如: I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。 (3) advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb. to do sth. 的结构中。例如: He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。 3. unless 连词unless意为“除非……;如果不……”， 用来引导条件状语从句，引导条件句时，主要用于下列情况: (1)主句为肯定句。例如: Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want( 如果我不到城里每一家书店去看看，我就不知道是否能买到我想要的书。 You will miss the bus unless you hurry up(你要不快点就会错过班车。 You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder(如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。 (2)主句为否定句。例如: I wouldn’t be saying this unless I were sure of the facts(要是我对这些事情42 没有把握，我就不说这话了。 You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal(如果你不设定目标，你哪儿也去不了。 4. angry angry是形容词，意为“发怒的;生气的”。例如: My best friend is angry with me. 我最好的朋友在生我的气。 He got angry at her answer.他对她的答复很生气。 【拓展】 be / get angry with sb. 生某人的气 例如: I am angry with him because he broke the glass. 因为他打碎了玻璃杯，所以我生他的气。 be / get angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气 例如: She got very angry about his laughing at her. 因为他嘲笑她，她很生气。 5. careful careful是形容词，意为“小心的;细致的;精心的;慎重的”。例如: Be careful! There is a truck coming.小心～有辆卡车过来了。 Be careful of the traffic. 注意交通安全。 You should be careful with your money. 你花钱要精打细算。 【拓展】 carefully adv. 小心地;谨慎地 careless adj. 马虎的;粗心的 6. solve solve 作及物动词，意为“解决;阐明;解答(数学题)”。例如: With the help of his friends, he finally solved the problem. 在朋友们的帮助下，他终于解决了问题。 She tried to solve a crossword puzzle. 她试着解答一道纵横字谜。 What’s your problem? Can you solve it by yourself? 你的问题(困难)是什么?你能自己解决吗? 7. experience (1) 作可数名词，意为“经历，阅历”，常用于词组have / be an experience 有/是一次经历。例如: He had many interesting experiences while traveling in North America. 他在北美旅行时有许多有趣的经历。 (2) 作不可数名词，意为“经验，体验”，对应的形容词为experienced有经验的。例如: She is a teacher with rich experience of teaching. 她是一位教学经验丰富的老师。 Yang Liwei is an experienced pilot. 杨利伟是一位有经验的飞行员。 (3) 作动词，意为“经历，感受”。例如: The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。 He experienced great hardships for the first time in his life. 他有生以来第一次体验到巨大的艰苦。 8. else 43 else作形容词，意为“别的，其他的”，常用于不定代词后面。 (1)常用在much, little, all(=everything)等词后面。 Not much else is known. 其他的不很清楚。 There was little else he could do. 他再没有别的什么可做了。 We don’t know much else about his life. 对他生平别的方面我们知道很少。 (2) 常用在 -one, -body, -thing, -place, -where 结尾的不定代词后面。 Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的什么事要做吗? Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。 You can’t get it anywhere else. 你在任何别的地方都找不到它。 He has nothing else to do today. 我今天没有别的事要干。 (3) 常用在who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词后面。 Who else was at the party? 晚会上还有谁? Where else did you go? 你还去过什么别的地方? But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么? 9. in the end in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally。例如: We won in the end(最后，我们取得了胜利。 【拓展】 (1) by the end of到……为止，在……以前，常与过去完成时连用。例如: He had finished the work by the end of last month(上个月底前他就已经完成了那项工作。 (2) at the end of在……末尾，在……尽头，后既可以接表示时间的名词，也可以接表示地点的名词。 The hospital is at the end of the road(医院就在路的尽头。例如: He will come to see you at the end of this month(这个月底他要来看你。 10. mistake mistake是名词，意为“错误;失误”。例如: His homework is always full of mistakes. 他的作业总是错误百出。 【拓展】 make a mistake犯错误 by mistake错误地(不是故意做某事) 例如: It’s easy to make a mistake. 犯错误很容易。 I took your bag by mistake. 我错拿了你的包。 词汇精练 I. 英汉互译。 1. 保守秘密_____________________ 2. 最后，终于_____________________ 3. 犯错误_____________________ 4. too..to…_____________________ 5. 建议某人做某事_____________________ 6. 6. be angry with sb. _____________________ II. 根据句意和首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 1. On Monday afternoon, we always have a class m____________. 2. The children like eating potato c____________ and hamburger a lot. 44 3. The c____________ is too sweet. Eating it too much is bad for you. 4. When he heard the bad news, he felt very u____________. 5. — Can you give us some a____________ on how to learn English well? — OK, I’d love to. 6. I want to t____________ around the world one day. 7. Mr. King is an ____________(专家), you can ask him for help. 8. ____________(青少年) shouldn’t run away from their problems. 9. I have a new ____________(钱包). It’s black and red. 10. Our English teacher is always ____________(善解人意的). III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Let’s ____________(ride) our bikes to the countryside this weekend. 2. We ____________(not have) our sports meeting if the weather ____________( not be) fine. 3. Half the students in my class ____________(be) interested in watching cartoons. 4. For many people, ____________(become) a pop singer is a dream. 5. I didn’t find my bike ____________(somewhere) yesterday. 6. I think they will have a good time ____________(skate) in the mountains this winter. 7. The poor man made a living by ____________(grow) vegetables. 8.John often spends some time ____________(play) soccer with his friends on weekends. 9. Don’t let them ____________(shout) that loud, Peter. 10. If they finish ____________(write) their compositions, they will leave for home soon. 参考答案 I. 英汉互译。 1. keep…to oneself 2. in the end/at last 3. make mistakes/a mistake 4. 太……以至于不能…… 5. advise sb. to do sth. 6. 生某人的气 II. 根据句意和首字母或汉语提示完成单词。 1. meeting 2. chips 3. chocolate 4. upset 5. advice 6. travel 7. expert 8. Teenagers 9. wallet 10. understanding III. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. ride 2. won’t have; isn’t 3. are 4. becoming 5. anywhere 6. skating 7. growing 8. playing 9. shout 10. writing 句式精讲 1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time. (1) 本句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在 时代替一般将来时。例如: If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 (2) 在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，if 条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后 45 面，若 if 条件句放句首， 从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。 If you ask him，he will help you. = He will help you if you ask him. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 口诀: if 条件句不一般，几个要点记心间; 条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。 条件句表可能，主句多用将来时。 2. …because they’ll be too lazy to cook. too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的，但意义上却表示否定含义，所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not，只接动词原形即可，too后接形容词或副词原形。例如: The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。 【拓展】 (1) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后所跟的介词不能省略。例如: The room is too small to live in. 这房间太小了不能住。 (2) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式的宾语实际上就是这个句子 的主语时，动词不定式后面不能再加代词作宾语。例如: The question is too difficult to answer. 这个问题太难了，无法回答。 (3) 在too…to…句型中，当动词不定式能确切说明动作执行者时， 可以在动词不定式前面加上逻辑主语，即for sb.形式。例如: The box is too heavy for him to carry. 箱子太沉了，他搬不动。 (4) 含too…to…的句子可以改写成so…that…句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。例如: He is too old to do hard work. = He is so old that he can’t do hard work. 他年纪太大而不能干重活。 (5) 含too…to…的句子也可以用“not + 形容词/副词 + enough to do sth.”句型来替换，但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。例如: He is too old to do hard work. = He is not young enough to do hard work. 他年纪大了，不能做重活。 3. Sometimes they have problems with their school work… have problems with sth. 意为“在某方面有困难/有问题”。例如: He has some problems with his ears. 他的耳朵有些问题。 【拓展】 have problem doing sth. = have problem (in) doing sth.意为“做某事遇到困难或麻烦”，也可用have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.或with sth. 例如: They had problems in getting here. 他们到达这里遇到很多困难。 4. I think talking to someone helps a lot. talking to someone是动名词短语，在句子中作从句的主语。动名词是动词的一种形式，具有名词特点，在句子中可以充当主语、表语或宾语。 (1) 作主语，动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如: Walking on the moon is not so easy. 在月球上行走是不容易的。 Flying makes me nervous. 飞行使我很紧张。 (2) 作宾语，有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如: 46 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你介意把收音机音量调小一点吗, The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 (3) 作表语，动名词作表语，对主语进行说明、解释。例如: Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 5. She was afraid to tell her parents about it. (1) be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式， 也可接名词、代词或of doing sth。例如: She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。 She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。 I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。 (2) 但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。 例如: I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。 (3) be afraid后可接that从句。例如: He is afraid that his father will be unhappy. 他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。 句式精练 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子(每空一词)。 1. 最后他们到达了山顶。 ___________ ___________ ___________, they got to the top of the mountain. 2. 如果你有难题的话，不应该憋在心里。 If you have problems, you shouldn’t ___________ them ___________ ___________. 3. 共享一个问题就像是把它切成两半。 ___________ a problem is like ___________ it ___________ ___________. 4. 肖东很粗心，经常犯错误。 Xiao Dong is very careless, and he often ___________ ___________. 5. 注意别吵醒了宝宝。 ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ wake the baby. 6. 如果你去参加聚会，你将会玩得很开心。 If you go to the party, you ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________. 7. 我认为他不擅长英语。 I ___________ ___________ he ___________ good at English. 8. 如果我们今天举行聚会，一半的同学将不会来。 If we have the party today, ___________ ___________ ___________ won’t come. 9. 咱们从饭店里订购食物吧。 Let’s ___________ food ___________ a ___________. 47 10. 我们应当要求人们带食物来吗, ___________ we ask people ___________ ___________ food? II. 句型转换，每空一词。 1. Get up early, or you’ll be late for school. (改为同义句) ___________ you ___________ get up early, you’ll be late for school. 2. I’ll go to the city centre by subway. (改为同义句) I’ll ___________ ___________ ___________ to the city center. 3. Work hard, and you will catch up with others. (改为同义句) ___________ you ___________ hard, you will catch up with others. 4. If you come to the party, you will have great fun. (改为同义句) If you come to the party, you’ll have ___________ ___________ ___________. 5. You can’t run at the party. (改为祈使句) ___________ ___________ at the party. 6. I will visit you. I will be free tomorrow. (用if改为复合句) If I ___________ ___________ tomorrow, I ___________ ___________ you. 7. If I am famous, I will travel all over the world. (对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ if you are famous. III. 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。 A. You will have a good time. B. And can you make some food for us? C. Will you help me organize it? D. There’s a test tomorrow. E. I’m going to take a bus to the party. F. Let’s have it today after class. G. I don’t think we should watch a video. W: Hi, Mark. I want to have a class party. 1 M: Sure, Andrea. I can help you. So when shall we have the party? W: 2 M: No, today is too early. If we have it today, half the class won’t come. W: Okay. Let’s have it tomorrow. M: Hmm… 3 Students will leave early to study for the test. Let’s have it on the weekend. W: Okay. Let’s have it on Saturday afternoon. We can all meet and watch a video. M: No, 4 Some students will be bored. Let’s play party games. W: Okay, good idea. Can you organize the party games? M: Sure. I can do that. 5 W: Yes. That’s no problem. 1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ___________ 参考答案 I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子(每空一词)。 48 1. In the end 2. keep; to yourself 3. Sharing; cutting; in half 4. makes mistakes 5. Be careful not to 6. will have a good time 7. don’t think; is 8. half the class 9. order; from; restaurant 10. Should; to bring II. 句型转换，每空一词。 1. If; don’t 2. take the subway 3. If; work 4. a good time 5. Don’t run 6. am free; will visit 7. What will you do III. 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。 1-5 CFDGB 49 Unit 7 What’s the matter? 词句精讲精练 撰稿人:王晓丽 审稿人:郭靖 词汇精讲 1. lie lie是动词，意为“躺”，过去式和过去分词分别为lay和lain，现在分词为lying。 例如: I found he was lying on the ground. 我发现他躺在地上。 【拓展】 (1) lie有“位于”的意思。例如: A temple lies on the top of the mountain. 一座寺庙位于山顶之上。 (2) lie作动词时，也可意为“撒谎”，过去式和过去分词是规则的，均为lied。lie 也可用作名词，意为“谎言”。例如: Don’t lie to me.不要向我撒谎。 原形 词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 躺;位于 lie lay lain lying 说谎 lie lied lied lying The boy told a lie to me. 这个男孩向我撒了谎。 (3)英语中，部分以-ie结尾的动词的-ing形式必须改ie为y再加-ing。例如: die ? dying tie ? tying lie ? lying 2. hope hope意为“希望”，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式或宾语从句， 但表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用hope that从句。例如: I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。 【拓展】 hope与wish的辨析: so to do sth. 注意:没有hope sb. to do sth.的用法 hope + that从句 表示很有可能实现的主观愿望 for sth. sb. to do sth. 能接sb.的复合结构 sb. sth. 能接双宾语 wish + to do sth. 可与hope互换 50 that 从句 用虚拟语气表示不太可能实现的愿望 例如: My mother wishes/hopes to find her lost watch somewhere. 我妈妈希望在什么地方找到她丢失的手表。 I wish you to finish the work in time. 我希望你及时完成这项工作。 3. advice advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”，不能与不定冠词a 连用。例如: a piece of advice一条建议 Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。 【拓展】 (1) give advice (on) 给……提(有关……)的建议。例如: Can you give me some advice on how to learn English well. 你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗, (2) take one’s advice 听从某人的建议 例如: I’ll take your advice, and do exercise every day. 我会听从你的建议，每天锻炼身体。 (3) advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。例如: He advised me to read English every morning. 他建议我每天早晨读英语。 4. should should是情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态;否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有: (1) 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。例如: You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。 You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。 (2) 表示推断，意为“可能，该”。例如: The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。 5. need (1) need作实义动词，意为“需要，必然”，有人称、时态及数的变化。例如: sb./ sth. 需要某人/某物 need + to do sth.需要做某事 doing 需要(被)做 例如: He needs some help. 他需要些帮助。 You didn’t need to come so early. 你不必来这么早。 The flowers need watering. 花需要浇水。 (2) need也可作情态动词，意为“需要，必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，后 51 接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。例如: He need not go at once. 他不必立刻走。 Need he go at once? 他必须立刻走吗, 用must提问的句子，其否定回答常用needn’t。例如: — Must he hand in his homework this morning? 他必须今天上午交作业吗, — No, he needn’t. 不，不必了。 【拓展】 need to do和need doing的辨析: need to do sth.意为“需要干某事”，是自己主动去干某事;need doing其主语是物，含有被动的意义，相当于need to be done。例如: The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home. 那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。 My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。 6. until until意为“直到……”，有下列用法: (1) 作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。 (2) 作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。 例如: We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。 She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。 【拓展】 (1) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。 (2) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如: The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back. 直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。 7. have a cold have a cold是动词短语，意为“患感冒，伤风”，也可以说成catch a cold/get a cold 或take a cold。其中have表示“患病，得病”，不能用于进行时态，但可与一段时间连用，表示状态;而catch/get a cold则表示瞬时动作，不能同一段时间连用。例如: I have had a cold for three days. 我感冒三天了。 此句也可以表达为: I had/caught/got a cold three days ago. 【拓展】 表示人体某部位“痛”时的几种结构: (1)have a + 身体部位名词后加-ache构成。例如: have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a stomachache胃痛 (2)have a sore + 身体部位名词。例如: have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a sore arm 胳膊痛 have a sore foot 脚痛 52 (3)身体部位 + hurt/ache。例如: My eyes hurt. 我眼睛痛。 My legs ache. 我腿疼。 (4) have a pain in/ on + the + 身体部位。例如: I have a pain in the arm. 我胳膊痛。 (5)There is something wrong with + one’s + 身体部位。例如: There is something wrong with your eyes. 你的眼睛有毛病。 8. feel well (1) feel是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征。例如: I feel tired. 我感觉累了。 【拓展】 类似feel这种用法的词还有:look(看上去);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(品尝);get(变得);grow(变得)等。 (2) well在此是形容词，意为“身体健康的”，在句中作表语。例如: I don’t think you are a really well man, so you should do more exercise. 我认为你不是真正健康的人，所以你应该多锻炼。 9. too much too much在课文中作形容词，意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。例如: I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。 【拓展】 too much / too many / much too的辨析: 例如: Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不词语 词形 特点 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语 too much 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语 too many 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词 much too 好。 There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。 It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿 上外套。 10. a few/ a little/few/little 可数 不可数 肯定 a few(有一些) a little(有一些) 否定 few(几乎没有) little(几乎没有) 例如: We has little time to do it. 我们几乎没有时间来做这件事。 He is new here. So he has few friends. 他是新来的，所以几乎没有朋友。 Peter has just been away for a few minutes. Peter刚离开几分钟。 There is a little milk in the fridge. We can buy it tomorrow. 冰箱里还有一点牛奶，我们可以明天去买。 词汇精练 53 一、选词填空。 hope; wish 1. I ________ you success. 2. I ________ you can help me. too many; too much; much too 3. I drank ________ coffee last night. I couldn’t sleep. 4. You’re ________ kind to me. 5. There’re ________ children in the zoo. a little; little; a few; few 6. We have ________ bread. May I buy some? 7. — Can you speak English? — Yes, but only ________. 8. He has come here for the first time, so he has ________ friends. 9. I have ________ books on biology, but not many. 二、英汉互译。 1. 嗓子痛 ________ 2. have a cold ________ 3. 躺下 ________ 4. 直到两点 ________ 5. 一条建议 ________ 6. need repairing ________ 7. 擅长________ 8. 太多________ 9. 至于________10. give advice ________ 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It’s important for us ________(exercise) every day. 2. I’m sorry ________(say) that Mr. Wang is ill. 3. At weekends, Nancy enjoys ________(read) comic books at home. 4. Without your teacher’s help, you can’t finish ________(do) it. 5. It’s kind of you ________(help) me when I’m in trouble. 6. Everybody in our class ________(have) a question to ask. 【参考答案】 一、 选词填空。 1. wish 2. hope 3. too much 4. much too 5. too many 6. little 7. a little 8. few 9. a few 二、英汉互译。 1. have a sore throat 2. 患感冒 3. lie down 4. until 2 o’clock 5. a piece of advice 6. 需要被修理 7. be good at 8. too much/many 9. as for 10. 提建议 with/do 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. to exercise 2. to say 3. reading 4. doing 5. to help 6. has 句式精讲 1. What’s the matter? What’s the matter?是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了”，是医生 询问病人病情时的常用语。例如: — What’s the matter? 你怎么了, — I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 【拓展】 54 What’s the matter后可接with sb.，What’s the matter with sb.?意为“某人怎么了,”也可用What’s wrong with sb.?或What’s your trouble?来表示。例如: What’s the matter with you? = What’s wrong with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’s your trouble? 你怎么了, 注意:matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the;wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词;trouble名词，前面可加定冠词the，也可加形容词性物主代词。不能说What’s your wrong?和What’s your matter? 2. I think so. I think so.用于肯定对方提出的观点或看法，“我认为是这样的”，其中so是代词，代替前面所说的话或句子。常用在believe相信;suppose设想;hope希望等词之后。例如: — Do you think it will rain? 你认为会下雨吗, — Yes, I think so. 是的，我认为是。 【拓展】 I think so.的否定形式有两种:I don’t think so.或I think not. 类似的词有believe，suppose，be afraid等。 3. It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 在这个结构中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”。例如: To learn English is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English. 学英语不容易。 【拓展】 (1) It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.这一结构中，形容词是表示做某事的“性质、特征”，这类形容词有:important，easy，difficult，hard，necessary等。 (2) It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.这一结构中，形容词是表示人的“品质”，这类形容词有:kind，wise，clever，good，foolish等。例如: It’s kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太善良了。 It’s necessary for you to do more exercise. 多锻炼对你来说是必要的。 4. enjoy doing sth. enjoy是及物动词，意为“享受……的乐趣; 欣赏;喜欢”。其用法如下: sth.(名词或代词) enjoy + oneself(反身代词), have a good time doing sth.(只接v.-ing形式，不接 to do sth.) 例如: I enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou. 我喜欢周杰伦的歌。 We enjoyed ourselves at the party. 昨晚的聚会，我们玩得很高兴。 In my class, most of the students enjoy singing English songs. 在我们班，大多数学生喜欢唱英语歌。 【拓展】 只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的常见动词:enjoy，finish，practice，mind等。 5. be sorry to do sth. be sorry to do sth.意为“对做某事感到遗憾、抱歉”。例如: I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你。 55 【拓展】 to do sth.对做……感到遗憾 be sorry + about sth. 对某事感到遗憾 for sb.对某人感到遗憾 句式精练 一、句型转换，每空一词。 1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换) We ________ ________ in the park yesterday. 2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换) ________ very important ________ ________ eight hours a night. 3. It’s important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) It’s important ________ ________ ________ ________ a balanced diet. 4. What’s the matter with you? (同义句转换) What’s ________ ________ you? 5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句) I ________ ________ I ________ a cold. 6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问) ________ the ________ ________ her? 7. My head hurts. (同义句转换) I ________ a ________. 8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换) A tall building ________ in front of my house. 9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换) He ________ ________ ________ return the book three days ago. 10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换) I hope ________ I ________ ________ a present for my mother with my own money. 二、完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. — 你的手表怎么了, — 它不走了。 — ________ ________ ________ your watch? — It’s doesn’t work. 2. — 你认为我们开会会迟到吗, — 我认为不会。 — Do you think we will be late for the meeting? — I ________ ________ ________. 或 I ________ ________. 3. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。 It’s necessary ________ us ________ ________ more fruit and vegetables. 4. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。 The boy ________ ________ ________ others in English. 5. 听到这个消息我很遗憾。 I’m ________ ________ hear the news. 56 6. — 你怎么了, — 我牙疼。 — ________ ________ ________? — I have a ________. 7. 你看上去气色不好，请躺下休息一下吧。 You don’t look ________. Please ________ ________ and have a rest. 8. Jenny女士给我们提了一些关于如何学好英语的好建议。 Mrs Jenny gave us some good ________ ________ ________ to learn English well. 9. 直到老师走进教室，同学们才停止说话。 The students didn’t stop talking ________ the teacher came into the classroom. 10. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。 You ________ ________ your mother ________ the housework. 三、请从B栏中给A栏找出合适的答语。 A 1. You look sick. What’s the matter? 2. I don’t want to eat meat for lunch. 3. I feel really ill. What should I do? 4. Let’s have soup instead of pizza. 5. I have a bad toothache. B A. You should see a doctor. B. That’s a good idea. C. OK. So how about an egg salad? D. I have a bad headache. E. You should go to the dentist. 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________ 【参考答案】 一、句型转换，每空一词。 1. enjoyed ourselves 2. It’s; to sleep 3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. don’t think; have 6. What’s; matter with 7. have; headache 8. lies/is 9. didn’t need to 10. that; can buy 二、完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. What’s wrong with 2. don’t think so / think not 3. for; to eat 4. enjoys /likes talking with 5. sorry to 6. What’s the matter; toothache 7. well; lie down 8. advice on how 9. until 10. should help; with/do 三、请从B栏中给A栏找出合适的答语。 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. E 57 Unit 8 I’ll help clean up the city parks. 词句精讲精练 撰稿:郭素清 审稿:白雪雁 【词汇精讲】 1. homeless homeless是形容词，意为“无家可归的”。 Many homeless children were saved by the government. 许多无家可归的孩子得到了政府的救助。 He promises to do his best to help that homeless boy. 他答应会尽他最大的努力去帮助那个无家可归的孩子。 【拓展】 less是表示否定意义的形容词后缀，这样的单词还有:hopeless“无望的”;careless“粗心的”;sleepless“不眠的”;useless“无用的”;harmless“无害的”selfless “无私的”等。, 2. start 1) start用作动词，意为“开始”，相当于begin，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词。 He starts,begins to realize the importance of studying English. 他开始意识到学习英语的重要性。 2)start用作动词，还意为“创办，建立”，同义表达为set up，此时不能与begin互换。 【拓展】 几种只用start不用begin的情况: 表示“(机器)开始运转，启动”时。 The car starts slowly. 汽车慢慢地启动了。 表示“动身，出发，启程”时。 He started for Australia last weekend. 他上周末动身去澳大利亚了。 表示“创办，开设”时。 He started a volunteer project. 他创办了一个志愿者工程。 3. volunteer【高清课堂:Being a volunteer is great!】 1)volunteer作及物动词，意为“自愿献出”，相当于offer freely;也可用作不及物动词，表示“自愿，自动”，volunteer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事”。 They volunteer their time to help the old man. (及物动词) 他们自愿献出时间来帮助这位老人。 Jack volunteered to carry water. (不及物动词) 杰克自愿提水。 2)volunteer还可用作名词，意为“志愿者”。 I want to be a volunteer in the city. 我想当一名城市志愿者。 We need some volunteers to teach English in the village school. 我们需要一些志愿者到山区学校教英语。 4. be sure be sure,make sure，意思是“确信”，它的后面可以用宾语从句，也可以用58 动词不定式。 1)be sure of sth 对某事很确定 I am sure of his guilt. 我确定他有罪。 I am sure of his coming. 我确定他会来。 2)be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 I am sure to close the window after school. 放学后我一定会关窗的。 I am sure to help you tomorrow. 我明天一定会帮你。 3)be sure that从句 对某事很确定 I am sure that he will achieve his goal. 我确定他会实现目标的。 He is sure that his mother will come to see him this afternoon. 他确信今天下午他妈妈会来看他。 5. set up set up意为“成立，建立;创立，开办;设立，设置”，相当于start，establish，put up，found等。 We set up a company. 我们建立了一个公司。 【拓展】 set up, put up与build的区别: 1) set up意为“开办，建立”，强调机构及相应设施的建立，着重“开始”或“首 次”的含 义，不强调施工建筑。 We set up a study group. 我们创立了一个学习小组。 2)put up意为“搭建，搭起”，着重指建造或搭起一个具有一定高度的具体物体。在口语 中set up与build也有此意。 It’s going to rain. Let’s put up the tent. 天要下雨了，我们把帐篷搭起来吧。 3) build意为“建设，建立，建造”，使用广泛, 侧重于施工建筑，常指建造房屋、桥梁、道路、高楼等大型建筑物。 The workers are building railways. 工人们在修建铁路。 6. run out of 1)run out of意为“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。 We have run out of paper. 我们的纸用完了。 2)run out“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词;而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。 You’d better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。 We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。 7. clean up clean up意为“打扫”，up为副词，此短语是动副型短语，如果宾语为代词，应放在短语中间;如果宾语是名词，可放于短语之间或两词之后。 Please clean up this street at once. 请马上把这条街打扫干净。 59 This street is dirty. Please clean it up. 这条街道太脏了，请把它打扫干净。 【拓展】 类似动副型的短语列举如下: put off意为“推迟”。off为副词，若接代词则放于两词之间;后接名词可放于两词之间， 也可放于两词之后。 We can’t put off our meeting. 我们不能推迟我们的会议。 We can’t put it off. 我们不能推迟它了。 cheer up意为“使振奋;使高兴”。up为副词，其后跟人称代词时，要把它放在cheer与up 之间。 Nothing can cheer me up. 没有什么能让我高兴起来。 Jimmy is unhappy. Let’s go and cheer him up. 吉姆不高兴，我们去让他高兴起来。 8. take after take after意为“像……，与……相似”。 She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。 Adam was my grandfather and I take after him. 亚当是我的祖父，我和他很相像 【拓展】 1)look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广，除了描述人、物之外，也能抽象表达事件或现象。 He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。 That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have. 那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。 It looks like it’s going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。 2)take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间，外貌用的最多，也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。 3)be similar to一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上。 His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。 9. fix up fix up意为“修理，修补”，是动副型短语，与mend，repair同义。如果fix up的宾语是代词，须置于fix与up之间;如果宾语是名词，置于up之前或之后均可。 My radio doesn’t work. Could you fix it up for me? 我的收音机坏了。你能帮我修理一下吗? 【拓展】 与up相关的短语归纳: 1)clear up意为“打扫干净;放晴等”。 Betty，clear up your table and let’s have supper. 贝蒂，把桌子收拾干净，咱们吃饭了。 The weather cleared up when the storm was over. 60 风暴过去，天放晴了。 2) give up意为“放弃”，其后应跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 English is difficult. But I’ll never give it up. 英语很难，但我不会放弃的。 You should really give up smoking. 你真的需要戒烟了。 3) set up意为“树立, 建立, 创立等”。 You should set up a good example for your brothers. 你应该为你的兄弟们树立一个好的榜样。 The travelers set up a tent after they had walked for nearly two hours. 那群旅行者在行走了近两个小时后搭起了帐篷。 4)call up意为“打电话给……、征招(服兵役)等”。 When I arrive in Beijing，I’ ll call you up. 我到北京时, 会给你打电话的。 When the war broke out，he was called up. 战争爆发时他应征入伍。 5) cheer up意为“使振奋，使高兴等”。 The good news cheered up everybody who heard it. 喜讯使每一个听到的人都感到高兴。 10. work out work out表示按某种方式发生，意为“结果为……”，work out fine,well意为“奏效”。 Everything is working out well.事事都很如意。 【拓展】 work out还有以下意思: 1)表示“算出;解决”之意。 The math problem is so hard that I can’t work it out.这道数学题太难了，我解不出来 2) 表示“精心制定”。 You’d better work out a plan to improve your writing skills. 你最好制定一个精心提高写作能力的计划。 【词汇精练】 I. 根据汉语提示完成下列短语。 1.打扫干净 2.使振奋 up 3.推迟put 4.分发;发放 out 5.建立;创办 up 6.想出 up with 7.写下，记下 8.与……相像take 9.修理 up 10.张贴;搭建 up 11.闲逛hang 12.帮助某人解决困难 sb. II.根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。 1.In the old days，many people died of h . 2. Do you want to be a v to treat animals after you leave school? 61 3. He left home and became a h man. 4. We are going to e a food bank to help hungry people. 5. There are so many a between TV shows now. 6. You could help c a basketball team for little kids. 7. They v________ to repair the house for the old lady. 8. Oh , c________ up ! Nobody will laugh at you III. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. We feel very _____ (luck) to have this dog. 2. The dog can do some useful things for me like ______ (open) the door. 3. My blind uncle Jack has got a _______ (special) trained dog so far. 4. All of the people in our school are very kind to the blind girl, so her life is _______(fill) with pleasure. 5. We are going to have a picnic tomorrow; you had better have your broken bike _____ (repair) now. 6. All of the disabled people will thank you for your kind ______ (donate) 7. The girl in our school often helps the blind boy with her _______ (please) 8. We need a lot of volunteers to help the ______ (able) people in the Olympic Games. IV. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。 set up, put up, clean up, run away, come up with, give up, call up, cheer up 1. We are going to _______ a food bank to help hungry people. 2. ,I hate doing homework. , Well, ________! It’s part of your job. 3. The city park is not clean. We need to help ______ it _______. 4. If the UFO came, I would _______the police. 5. We could _________some movie posters on the wall of our cinema. 6. The thief was frightened .He dropped the bag and . 7. He has a terrible cough. His doctor asked him smoking. 8. He thought and thought. At last he a good idea. 【参考答案】 I.根据汉语提示完成下列短语。 1. clean up 2. cheer 3. off 4. hand/give 5. set 6. come 7. write down 8. after 9. fix 10. put 11. out 12. help, out II.根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。 1. hunger 2. veterinarian 3. homeless 4. establish 5. advertisements 6. coach 7. volunteered 8. cheer III.用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. lucky 2.opening 3. specially 4.filled 5.repaired 6. donation 7.pleasure 8.disabled IV.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. set up 2. cheer up 3. clean up 4. call up 5.put up 6. ran away 7.to give up 8. came up with 62 【句式精讲】 1. I’ll help … 1) help作动词,常用句式为:help sb(to)do sth, 表示“帮助某人做某事”，其中to可以省略。另外，句式help sb with sth也表示“帮助某人做某事”，其中with后接名词或代词。. Laura helped me(to)plan my trip. 罗拉帮我规划我的旅游行程。 Tom helped his mother with the dishes. 汤姆帮他妈妈收拾碗盘。 2) help还可以作名词，意为“帮助”。 Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。 Ask the teacher if you need help. 如果你有需要,可以请老师帮忙。 【拓展】 help的常见用法: help yourself to 后接名词或代词，意为“请自便”。 can’t help doing sth. 意为“忍不住做某事”。 注意区分: can’t help to do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事 He couldn’t help to wash the clothes. 我不能帮忙洗衣服。 She couldn’t help smiling. 她禁不住笑了起来。 2. make it possible … make it+形容词+to do sth.意为“使做某事成为……”，在此结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的动词不定式。 The spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon. 宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。 【拓展】 make sb do sth 意为“使某人做某事”，此句式是省略to的不定式，如果用在被动句式中要还原to。 Don’t make the baby cry anymore. 不要再让婴儿哭了。 He was made to wait for over an hour. 他被迫等了一个多小时。 类似make这种用法的动词还有:have，let，notice，see，feel等。 She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。 3….filled my life with pleasure. fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。 Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。 He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。 【拓展】 full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。 63 Please tell me the full story. 请将全部情况告诉我。 The train was traveling at full speed. 火车正全速前进。 be full of 意为“充满……的”。 The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 4. Being a volunteer is … Being a volunteer是动名词短语，在句子中作主语。动名词是动词的一种 形式，具有名词特点，在句子中可以充当主语、表语或宾语。 1) 动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。 Walking on the moon is not so easy. 在月球上行走是不容易的。 Flying makes me nervous. 飞行使我很紧张。 2)作宾语，有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。 Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你介意把收音机音量调小一点，好吗, The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 3)动名词作表语，对主语进行说明、解释。 Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 5. not only...but also… 1)not only...but also的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如 果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。 Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden. 不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去公园。 2) 以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。 Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。 【句式精练】 I.把下列句子变为同义句。 1. The boy has run out of his money. The boy has his money. 2. My father is repairing his car now. My father is his car now. 3. The twins take after their father. The twins their father. 4. Let’s make her happy. Let’s her 5. I donated some of my books to the schools in Sichuan. I some of my books to the schools in Sichuan. II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1.最终他们还是放弃说服他改变主意。 In the end they ________ ________ _______ him to change his mind. 64 2.你的卧室真脏，把它收拾一下。 Your bedroom is so dirty. _________ _________ _________. 3.他考试没及格，现在十分沮丧。我们应该尽力让他振作起来。 He failed to pass the exam. Now he is very frustrated. We must try to _______ _________ _______. 4.我的电脑坏了，得找人来修理。 My computer is broken down. I’ll have to ask someone to ________ __________ _______. 5.帮助别人，不但使我自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做我喜欢的事了。 _________ _______ do I feel good about helping other people，_______ I get to spend time _________ what I love to do. 6.你看你的帮助已经使我拥有“Lucky"成为可能，它让我的生活充满了快乐。 You see，you have helped_________ _________ possible_________ me to have “Lucky”，who has_________ my life_______ pleasure. 7.你可以跟他谈谈，帮他走出目前的困境。 You can _______ him _______ by _______ with him. 8.非常感激您的帮助，钱会被好好利用来帮助残疾人的。 Your help is________ _______ and the money will be _______ _______ to help disabled people. III.句子改错，标出句子中错误的地方，并改正。(每个句子只有一处错误) 1. Helping each other are very important for us. _________ 2. Not only the students but also the teacher were against the plan. ________ 3. When he heard the news, he couldn’t help to cry. ________ 4. It was a pity to give up it.________ 5. The leader put off hold the meeting in the morning.________ IV.仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。 A. Who are you? B. I’m an English guide from Beijing China Travel Service. C. Here you are. D. Are you Miss White from New York? E. I’m so lucky that I could meet my guide as soon as I got off the plane. F. Can you help me? G. It will take us to the hotel. A: Excuse me. 1 B: Yes, and you are……? A: 2 . This is my membership card. Would you please show me your passport? B: OK. 3 A: Welcome to Beijing, Miss White. I am so glad that you are the first guest I have received. B: Thank you, Miss Chen. 4 A: Let me help you with your suitcase. Our car is waiting for us just at the entrance. 5 B: Thank you very much for your good service. 65 A: It’s a pleasure. 【参考答案】 I.把下列句子变为同义句。 1. used up 2. fixing up 3. look like 4. cheer, up 5. gave away II.根据汉语提示，完成句子。 1. gave up persuading 2. Clear it up 3. cheer him up 4. fix it up 5. Not only, but, doing 6.make it, for, filled, with 7. help, out, talking 8. greatly appreciated ,well used III.句子改错，标出句子中错误的地方，并改正。(每个句子只有一处错误) 1. are?is 2. were?was 3. to cry?crying 4. give up it?give it up 5. put off hold?put off holding IV.仔细阅读对话，选择方框内的句子填空，使对话意思连贯正确。 1,5 DBCEG 古今名言 敏而好学，不耻下问——孔子 业精于勤，荒于嬉;行成于思，毁于随——韩愈 兴于《诗》，立于礼，成于乐——孔子 己所不欲，勿施于人——孔子 读书破万卷，下笔如有神——杜甫 读书有三到，谓心到，眼到，口到——朱熹 66 立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本——欧阳修 读万卷书，行万里路——刘彝 黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟——颜真卿 书卷多情似故人，晨昏忧乐每相亲——于谦 书犹药也，善读之可以医愚——刘向 莫等闲，白了少年头，空悲切——岳飞 发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书——苏轼 鸟欲高飞先振翅，人求上进先读书——李苦禅 立志宜思真品格，读书须尽苦功夫——阮元 非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远——诸葛亮 熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟——孙洙《唐诗三百首序》 书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难——陆游 问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来——朱熹 旧书不厌百回读，熟读精思子自知——苏轼 书痴者文必工，艺痴者技必良——蒲松龄 声明 访问者可将本提供的内容用于个人学习、研究或欣赏，以及其他非商业性或非盈利性用途，但同时应遵守著 作权法及其他相关法律的规定，不得侵犯本文档及相关权 利人的合法权利。谢谢合作～ 67