表面粗糙度（Surface roughness）

表面粗糙度（Surface roughness） 表面粗糙度(Surface roughness) 1. standard ISO, ANSI, DIN, JIS? Answer: ISO on behalf of the international standard, ANSI on behalf of the United States on behalf of the German standard, DIN standard, JIS on behalf of the Japanese standard. What are the 2. is the surface roughness of the unit? Answer: the surface roughness of the units are m, namely =10-6 micron meters 3. surface roughness and how to divide? Answer: unit below surface roughness are m, namely =10-6 micron meters. Level 14: Ra 0.006; Level 13: Ra 0.012; Level 12: Ra 0.025; Level 11: Ra 0.050; Level 10: Ra 0.1; Level 9: Ra 0.2; Level 8: Ra 0.4; Level 7: Ra 0.8; Level 6: Ra 1.6; Level 5: Ra 3.2; Level 4: Ra 6.4; Level 3: Ra 12.5; Level 2: Ra 25; Level 1: Ra 50; 4. what is a portable roughness measuring instrument? Answer: Portable roughness measuring instrument is a kind of small size and portable surface roughness measuring instrument, has been widely used in the process or for further analysis in measuring room. Riccardo series roughness tester is portable roughness measuring instrument, only palm sized, portable to any local measurement of surface roughness. 5. roughness instrument can use those aspects of measurement? Answer: it can measure a wide range of surface, including: surface oil pump, crankshaft, camshaft, cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder surface with holes, the piston hole roughness. It can also be used in the PS measurement, online detection machine set and adjust the detection process, tool wear or loose. 6. what is the definition of surface roughness? Answer: the national standard GB / fl031 - 1995, the surface roughness is refers to the surface with micro geometry characteristic of small spacing and Gu Feng formed, namely the surface micro roughness (by two adjacent wave peak or valley spacing below lmrn). The surface roughness accurately reflects the concept of micro geometry of the workpiece surface, it refers to the surface rough degree. 7. micro roughness refers to what? Answer: in the process of mechanical parts of the cutting tool or grinding wheel, left knife, plastic deformation and machine vibration factors such as the chip separation, the formation of the peak valley small parts of the surface. These tiny peak height degree and spacing condition is called micro roughness, also known as the surface roughness and it is a kind of micro geometry error. 8. surface roughness is formed? Answer: the surface roughness is generally formed by the processing method and other factors, such as machining process, tools and parts of the surface friction between the chip separation of plastic deformation of surface layer of metal and process system in high frequency vibration. The processing method and the workpiece of different materials, the surface machining marks depth, density, shape and texture are different. The surface roughness with properties, wear resistance, fatigue strength, stiffness, vibration and noise are closely related, has an important influence on the service life and reliability of mechanical products. 9. surface waviness is what? Answer: the surface waviness is greater than the spacing geometric surface roughness but less than the surface roughness of the geometric error, between microscopic and macroscopic geometric error. It is because the surface of parts in the machining process, the vibration of machine tools and the formation of the system. Surface waviness directly affects the mechanical properties of parts of the surface, such as parts of the contact stiffness, fatigue strength, bond strength, wear resistance, vibration resistance and sealing etc.. 10. surface waviness and surface roughness, what is the difference? Answer: a wave distance is less than 1mm, according to the surface roughness; wave distance: 1mm < lambda < 10mm, according to the surface waviness; wave length lambda > 10mm, according to the shape and position error 11. Riccardo LSR200 is a how the roughness instrument? Answer: Riccardo LSR200 is a handheld roughness meter, only palm sized, portable to any local measurement of surface roughness. The unique design of the probe bracket can easily make the probe and the measured workpiece contact surface stability. The built-in battery powered, during the operation of micro power supply. Measured by the button control, the menu, simple and easy. The measuring results can be printed out, or processor and DPM data connection. Measurements at the end of the trip after 2 seconds automatically. Can choose a variety of probes and accessories to meet the measurement of workpieces of different shapes. 12. what is the length of sample? Answer: the length of sample is used for distinguishing a reference line with a surface roughness feature length. 13. sampling length is how to get? Answer: usually in the filter characteristic at the cutoff wavelength changes sharply, profile through the filter after the distance is less than the cutoff wavelength of the roughness does not change the spacing is greater than the cutoff wavelength and the roughness was completely inhibited. The cutoff wavelength spectrum is equal to the numerical profile of a sine wave sampling length of the wavelength, it is also customary called resection length, usually called cutoff value. So the cutoff value is the sampling instrument when measuring the length of the equivalent. The 14. cutoff value difference and sampling length? Answer: by the difference value and the sampling length is, the cutoff value is a kind of means, which can be used to obtain the contour waveform evaluation results in limited sampling length. The sampling length is used for distinguishing with the surface roughness characteristics of a base line length, it can make the surface roughness parameters separately from the wave and wave is larger than its value unevenness in central. 15. what is the length? Answer: the minimum length of evaluation must be taken to reflect the surface roughness characteristics of a roughness, it contains one or more sampling length, the sampling length sum is called length. How to choose the 16. length? Answer: length value according to the machining method and the corresponding sampling length according to GB1031 - 83 appendix B selection. The general surface selection evaluation length for 5 consecutive sampling length. The surface uniformity is good, can be used to evaluate the length of less than 5 of the sampling length; surface homogeneity and length can be selected more than 5 sampling length. If the drawings or technical documents are marked length value, it should be according to the provisions of the drawings or technical documents in execution. 17. what is the surface uniformity? Answer: the so-called "surface uniformity" refers to the degree of surface roughness after machining various parts of numerical consistency. If in a few continuous measurement of machined surface roughness obtained by sampling length, indicating uniform surface processing; Whereas the roughness values are not the same, sometimes even a big difference, is that the processing surface is not uniform. 18. the selection of sampling length value? Answer: the length of sample series of national provisions are basically the same, all countries adopt 0.08/0.25/0.8/2.5/8 and 25mm6 files. The British and American Standard 0.8mm as the preferred sampling length. Riccardo roughness tester using 0.25/0.8/2.5 mm3 file selection value. How to choose the 19. sampling length? Answer: the standard value from the value of the length of sample series specified in the selection and sampling length, is to limit and reduce the surface roughness effect on surface roughness measurement results, the roughness of the surface roughness characteristics reflect. In general, the size can be selected according to the processing method and the surface roughness parameters. GB1031 - 83 appendix B provides the recommended value of sampling length. 20. what is the roughness instrument for measuring length of stroke? Answer: the stroke length is used for the measurement of surface roughness of a trimming contour length, which is due to filter in measurement and sensor synchronized stylus movement. Measuring the length of stroke comprises one or a plurality of sampling length. Length is to assess the profile surface roughness to a length, which comprises one or a plurality of sampling length. Profilometer (meter) assessment instrument for measuring length by length of stroke to characterize. The similarities and differences between the 21. measuring stroke length and evaluation length? Answer: different, stroke length is actually measured by the instrument by dressing a contour length, the latter is the evaluation of the surface roughness of the definition to a length. It can be said that the length of stroke length is evaluated in the actual measurement, the use of instruments to achieve specific embodiment of surface roughness measurement. The measurement and evaluation of stroke length is the same length, including one or a plurality of sampling length. General stroke length 5 cutoff value (equivalent to 5, and the length of sampling) is generally used for consistent evaluation length 5 times sampling length. 22. surface geometric characteristics are those? Answer: including surface roughness, surface waviness and surface texture aspects. 23. metal workpiece cutting tool surface, the surface roughness is mainly affected by the several factors? Answer: mainly by the role and influence of the three factors of geometric factors, physical factors and machining process. 24. geometric factors on the effect of roughness? Answer: considering the geometry, shape and geometric angle of the cutter, especially the nose radius, main angle, angle and cutting amount in the feed on the surface roughness has great influence. 25. physical factors on the effect of roughness? Answer: considering the physical essence of the cutting process, the metal material extrusion and friction plastic deformation and tool edge radius behind the serious deterioration of the surface roughness. Formed in the processing of plastic materials, chip, easy to form on the rake face, bue high hardness. It can replace the surface and the cutting edge of the cutting knife before, so that the geometric angle of the cutter, the cutting depth change. Bue contour is very irregular, so that the marks on the surface of the work piece appeared in depth and width are changing. Some bue embedded workpiece surface, Increased surface roughness. Vibration cutting, the workpiece surface roughness parameters. 26. effect of processing technology on roughness? Answer: to consider the effect of roughness on the surface of the workpiece from the process point of view, the main factors relating to the cutting tool and workpiece material and processing conditions and related factors. 27. surface roughness detection program of? Answer: the first visual examination, when the surface defects of the surface roughness of the workpiece surface requirements is not high or there is a function of surface effect, choose a visual inspection and judgment. Then compare the examination, can be compared with the measured surface roughness comparison specimens determined by visual or microscope. The re examination equipment. 28. to check the surface roughness of the enterprise? Answer: on the uneven surface, in the most likely measured roughness parameters of the limit value of parts; The surface of the rough surface is uniform, the position should be measured in several uniform, at least 3 measurements; When a given surface roughness parameters of the upper or lower limit, should be possible at the maximum or minimum value in measuring parameters of surface roughness; The surface roughness parameters indicate the maximum is required, usually on the surface of the maximum possible (if there is a visible deep groove), at least 3 measurements; 29. how to determine the direction of measurement using surface roughness tester? Answer: the direction of measurement provisions of the drawings or technical documents when measured in the specified direction; When the direction is not specified in the drawings or technical documents, should be given roughness parameter maximum direction measurement, the direction of processing texture perpendicular to the surface direction; The obvious processing texture surface, the measuring direction can be arbitrary, usually select several directions were measured from the maximum roughness parameter values. 30. surface roughness test methods are those? Answer: visual comparison method, sample comparison method, comparison method of interference microscope, optical microscope measurement, profilometer comparison, roughness instrument. 31. surface uniformity refers to what? How to judge? Answer: the surface uniformity refers to degree of machining surface roughness consistent parts. If in a few continuous measurement of machined surface roughness obtained by sampling length, indicating the machined surface roughness and uniformity; values are not the same, sometimes even a big difference, is that the processing surface is not uniform. Feature processing method with 32. surface processing in the process? Answer: vehicles, milling, planing surface often with uniform spacing and clear the tool marks direction, its texture has obvious regularity, its formation is a typical periodic contour (sometimes superimposed with random components in different degrees) has obvious cycle, this cycle reflects the amount of feed is equal to the uniform surface, good uniformity. The grinding surface has the general direction, but the distance is usually irregular texture, no rules. Grinding surface is generated through the reciprocating action of abrasive, often not what direction. Grinding of cutting and polishing and abrasive grinding wheel, make the surface smooth. But because of the size of abrasive, abrasive particle size irregular shape grinding wheel, cutting force range, so that the formation of random surface contour machining, although the cycle components, but the random component is the main surface, poor uniformity. 33. is the surface roughness and tolerance of the problem? Answer: surface roughness and dimensional tolerances are based on parts demand calibration, both have the relation between the two, and no decision on the relationship, in general, precision tolerances, surface roughness requirements are high. Tolerance, the actual parameter value to momentum. Both parameters, including geometric parameters in machining parameters, including physical, chemical and electrical discipline. So that tolerance is a concept used in a wide range. For machinery manufacturing, develop tolerance is designed to determine the geometric parameters of the product, the variation in a certain range, so as to meet the requirements of the exchange or. 34. what is the effect of surface roughness on the mechanical parts of the performance? Answer: (1) the wear resistance of parts surface roughness effects. The rough surface with the effective contact area between the surface of the smaller, the greater the pressure, the faster the wear. (2) the effects of surface roughness with the nature of stability. The clearance fit, the rough surface is easy to wear, the working process of the gap increases gradually; the interference fit, the assembly will squeeze the micro convex peak level, reduces the effective interference, reduce the coupling strength. (3) the effects of surface roughness on the fatigue strength of parts. There is a big trough surface roughness of parts, they are like sharp notch and crack, the stress concentration is very sensitive, thus affecting the fatigue strength of parts. (4) anti corrosive effect of the surface roughness of parts. The rough surface, the corrosive gas or liquid through the surface of the micro valley into the metal inner surface caused by corrosion. (5) effects of the surface roughness of the sealing parts. Cannot fit closely between rough surfaces, gas or liquid leakage through the gap between the contact surfaces of the. (6) the effects of surface roughness of parts contact stiffness. The contact stiffness is combined with surface parts under the action of external force, resistance of contact deformation. The stiffness of the machine depends on the contact stiffness between the parts. (7) affect the measurement accuracy of parts. The measured surface parts and tool for measuring the surface roughness will directly affect the accuracy of measurement, especially in precision measurement. In addition, the surface roughness of parts plating coating, thermal conductivity and contact resistance, reflectance and radiation performance, liquid and gas flow, the flow of the current conductor surface will have different effects. 35. how to determine the surface roughness value? Answer: (1) experienced master touch, look at the know about the scope of; (2) buy roughness specimens are compared; but relatively limited, to know the processing methods, such as: milling, end... (3) buy roughness measuring instrument. Generally can be resolved. Of course, if we buy it can choose Chongqing Riccardo roughness tester, high precision, good quality. To pay for the goods, the price is cheap, the quality is guaranteed. The 36. is the surface roughness symbols on 3.2max what is the significance? Answer: Max note is not allowed to have more than 3. The measured value of 2. And 3.2 said the upper limit is 3.2, is in the number exceeds the value of less than 16% of the total allowable surface roughness height parameters of all measured values, to mark height parameter values of the upper or lower limit, usually we only need to mark the upper limit. The limit value of the two largest of the 16% rules of the rules of judgment rules. With the description of Max is not allowed to have more than 3.2 of the value of measurement. Using the maximum rule. And note 3.2, the default application is 16% rules, said the limit value is 3.2, when the measured surface measured value exceeds the limit value of the number of not more than the total number of 16%, the surface is qualified. The 37. parts of the higher precision, the roughness is larger or smaller? Answer: the accuracy is high, the roughness is small. The machining accuracy is the actual geometric parameters after processing with ideal geometry parameters consistent degree. Tolerance refers to the process of machining range of allowable error. (1) the size precision, accuracy refers to the distance between the size precision parts of the surface of their size and surface. Size related terms include basic size, size limits, dimensions, tolerances, tolerances. The tolerance level from IT01, IT0, IT1 to IT18 a total of 20. (2) the shape precision and shape precision machining surface meets the extent to which the actual income and the ideal shape of the shape. (3) the position accuracy, position accuracy refers to the degree of practical position and ideal position between the elements of parts after machining. General precision machining dimension and high precision of shape and position is also high, but there are exceptions, such as tablet, high dimensional accuracy and shape accuracy is not high. 38. filter? Answer: the filter is used to surface profile curve into different wavelength filter composed of waveform. The surface roughness waviness filter, retaining only the surface roughness. 39. kinds of filters are those? Answer: at present, there are RC, PC-RC, GAUSS, D-P four kinds of filters. Comparison of the characteristics of 40. kinds of filters? Answer: RC is the two order of the traditional RC filter, said two resistor two capacitors are connected in series (little effect on Ra of other effects); PC-RC is the digital filter phase correction based on RC; GAUSS is the latest roughness filter, to restore the good; D-P can protect the original filter the way. 41. roughness instrument should be paid attention to in the measurement of the problem? Answer: (1) the measured workpiece measured surface position and stable level; (2) the measured surface is clean, no dirt and other impurities; (3) sensor when not in use, must be placed in the special tool box; (4) by measuring the minimum range of workpiece measured surface shall not be less than the roughness; (5) the measurement environment is suitable for the measurement, there is no sound, fast air flow, will not produce resonance; (6) choose the correct parameters (such as sample length etc.). 42. what are the current domestic market roughometer? Answer: ribau era roughness tester, roughness tester, Japan Mitutoyo roughometer, Germany, UK Taylor roughness tester, roughness tester. 43. in order to improve the transmission capacity, not the belt wheel working surface roughness, the friction coefficient increases, but the lower surface roughness, why? Answer: driving by the gear meshing, not by friction drive, The relative motion in the occlusal moment two gear teeth, rough will cause occlusal instability, relative movement difficulties, and that will be a period of time, the rough places is bald. Increase the roughness only increases the maximum static friction force, the total energy of a machine is certain, but as the friction resistance power here, when the resistance work then reduce driving force of the work increases, so that useful work than work that improves the transmission efficiency is increased. 44. in general, the lower the surface roughness, the smooth surface, the friction coefficient of the object is small, but when the roughness is reduced to a certain extent, the friction coefficient is increased with decreasing roughness, this is why? Answer: in theory, in the study of mechanics, the smooth surface, that the friction coefficient is close to zero. But if the surface roughness is low, the coefficient of friction, will suddenly increase a lot, this is because it is too smooth surface, combined with the attraction of two objects is big. For example: two measurement the gauge block, as long as gently push together, each other will stick together. What is the role of the 45. guide? Answer: the mechanical filtering effect, the waviness is removed, leaving the roughness wave. The ribau roughness tester is a ruby guide head, never wear. The 46. ribau roughness measuring force is how much? Answer: force selection of roughness tester is REBO 4mN. when the force is larger than 4mN, the stylus is easy to scratch the surface of the workpiece to be measured; when the force is less than 4mN, stylus easily from the surface of the workpiece to be measured, not to collect the required data. 47. roughness measuring principle and part of those? Answer: the surface of the stylus method principle of roughness measuring instrument is composed of sensors, actuators, zero table, table recorder and other main parts. ? the inductance sensor is one of the main components of roughness tester, a diamond stylus at one end of the sensor bar, a stylus tip radius of R is very small, when measuring the stylus on the workpiece, and the measured surface vertical contact, the drive to speed a drag sensor. Because of the measured surface profile peak fluctuation, contacting shape on the measured surface when sliding, will have to move up and down. This movement by the fulcrum to the core of synchronous movement up and down, so that the inductance surrounded by two differential inductance coil in the magnetic core outside of the change. 48. meter ribau common sensors are those types of rough? Answer: the standard sensor, sensor holes, groove surface sensor, sensor, sensor side connecting rod, extension rod sensor etc.. The 49. profile bearing length ratio Rmr (c) on behalf of what? Answer: the bearing length ratio of the profile of Rmr (c) refers to the physical material length Ml at a given level position on the C profile (c) and the rate of length. 50. in the national standard of surface roughness value of sampling length and length of the RA rating (UM) and RZ (UM) what is the meaning? Answer: Ra is the measurement of the surface, sampling length, the absolute value of the contour offset arithmetic average, which is a measurement range of surface leveling uneven uniformity; Rz is the maximum height of profile, which is a measuring range, and the most concave convex height difference. 51. how to choose parameters? Answer: the range of parameters Ra, Rz is the basic parameters, RSm, Rmr (c) is an auxiliary parameter. A surface roughness must choose a range of parameters in the 0.025~6.3 recommended Ra, the rest by Rz. Not only use a separate, additional parameters as amplitude parameters of the surface with special requirements. The 52. parameter value consideration? (analogy) Answer: the same part, the working surface of non working surface of the Ra or Rz value. The friction surface and non surface friction and rolling friction surface than sliding friction surface of Ra and Rz value. High speed, pressure per unit area, the surface effect of alternating load, and the most easy to produce stress groove the roughness of the fillet area should be selected smaller. With the requirements of stable, reliable, roughness parameters should be smaller. For example, small clearance fit surface by interference fit surface roughness of the heavy load, should choose smaller. Coordinate the relationship with the surface roughness parameters and dimensions shape and position tolerances. Usually, size, shape and position tolerance value is small, the surface roughness of the Ra or Rz value is smaller; the same size tolerance grade, axial ratio and hole roughness is smaller. Corrosion resistance, sealing requirements, or shape appearance surface should be used Roughness smaller. Where the standard has been on the surface roughness to be standard or typical parts (e.g., and rolling bearing with the shaft neck and the base hole and shaft groove, the groove of the key with the wheel working face, etc.) should be according to the corresponding standard to determine the surface roughness parameters. I need 53. parts machining is grinding, roughness, or tolerance? A: do you want to see is not specific, not applicable, you need to polish the. We must look at two aspects, any cannot reach to the mill, such as +-0.001, regardless of the surface roughness of how much you are at least wear! As the surface roughness of 1.6 or 0.8 regardless of size tolerance to how much you wear. The roughness is very important, because the performance of parts is determined by the roughness. The amount of variation permitted size, called tolerance, referred to as tolerance. Hole tolerance with T h said, the axis of the tolerance expressed by T s. Tolerance is an absolute value, and the deviation is a generation of numerical. Not to confused tolerances and deviations. A tolerance is not equal to zero, and there is no positive and minus the value. Therefore, usually called "zero tolerance", "tolerance" and "tolerance" is not appropriate. The machining accuracy refers to the actual geometric parameters of parts after machining (size, shape and position) and the geometric parameters of the ideal match degree. Accuracy is too high or too low is not reasonable. The car parts processing precision in economy of ferrous metal material as the base and: The crude car size precision is IT8 ~ IT10, finishing size precision is IT7 ~ IT8. Machining surface roughness is Ra1.6. The surface roughness of machining nonferrous metals increased by 0.5 ~ 1. Economic precision milling parts The size of the rough milling precision is IT11 ~ IT13, milling size precision is IT8 ~ IT11. Milling surface roughness is Ra3.2. The surface roughness of nonferrous metal milling increases from 0.5 to 1. Economic precision machining parts clamp Error 0.2mm ~ 0.3mm pitch, the surface roughness is Ra3.2. Hinge hole surface roughness Ra1.6. Economic precision grinding parts Grinding size precision is IT6 ~ IT7. The grinding surface roughness is Ra0.4 ~ 0.8. Plane grinding, grinding the inner hole than the grinding surface roughness of low grade 0.5.