高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义14

高教版公共英语3级精讲班讲义14 公共英语3级精讲班第14讲讲义 Dialogue Monologue 1: Listen to a talk on the Chinese moon Festival 1. The festivals dates back to the Tang Dynasty 618 A.D. and celebrates the biggest and brightest full moon of the year, the harvest moon. 这个庆祝每年最大最圆丰收月亮的节日可以追溯到公元618年。 date back to 追溯到 2. Hou Yih built a beautiful jade palaces for the Goddess of the Western Heaven or sometimes called the Royal Mother. 后羿为西天的女神(她经常被我们称作“王母”)建造了一座翡翠宫殿。 1)jade palace 翡翠宫殿 2)Royal Mother 王母 3. The Goddess was so happy that she gave Hou Yih a special pill that contained the magic elixic of immortality. 王母非常高兴，她给了后羿一颗可以长生不老的特殊丹药。 the magic elixic of immortality 长生不老的灵药 4. The Moon Festival is a big holiday with family reunions, moon gazing activities, and feasting on “moon cakes” which are round pastries filled with red bean paste, fruit or jam. 中秋节是家庭聚会、赏月、吃月饼的节日。月饼是一种里面装有红豆沙、水果或者果 酱的圆饼。 Dialogue 1: A man is making a complaint to the travel agency about his holiday in Portugal last week. 1. First of all the coach taking us to the hotel broke down and we had to wait for over two hours in the sweltering heat before a replacement arrived. 首先班车把我们带到了间空调发生故障旅馆，我们在炎热的温度下等了两个多小时才 调换了房间。 2. We were told all the chambermaids were off duty. 我们被告知所有的收拾房间的服务员都不值班。 1)on duty 值班 2) off duty 不值班 3. I’d like to offer you a 20% discount on the price of one of our autumn breaks as a gesture of goodwill. 为了表示友好我向你提供我们秋季假期价格百分之二十的折扣。 as a gesture of goodwill 为了表示友好 4. A 20% discount, you must be joking. 百分之二十的折扣，你肯定在说笑话吧。 be joking 开玩笑 Dialogue 2: Wang Ling is asking Tim about how to spend the winter vocation, and they are mentioning the Chinese New Year. 1. I guess people in the countryside must still follow some traditional ways to celebrate Spring Festival that urban people no longer do. 我猜想乡村的人们仍然按照传统的方式来庆祝春节，而城市的人们已经不这样做了。 2. It’s said, if you do any sweeping during this time, you risk sweeping away your good luck. 据说如果你这个时候扫地，你就有可能把好运给扫掉了。 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 risk getting caught in a storm 3. Another one is offering sacrifice to the Kitchen God. 另外一种是给灶王爷提供贡品。 4. The custom is to offer a ceremonial sacrifice to the Kitchen God, to make sure that he gives a good report on the family’s behavior when he returns to heaven. 风俗是给灶王爷提供贡品，确保他回到天上的时候会上报一些我们家庭的好处。 Monologue 2: Listening to a talk about the Harvest Home festival in the West. Background knowledge: In the United States, the ancient harvest festivals of Europe helped give rise to contemporary Thanksgiving Day celebration. In parts of Germany, people march to harvest festivals carrying a harvest crown similar to the corn dolly. In France, some communities celebrate the end of the grape-picking season by holding harvest feasts. Language Points: 1. Ancient people offered the year’s first ripe grains to the gods in thanks for the crops that would sustain their communities for the coming year. 古代的人们把一年中最先熟的葡萄奉献给上帝，感谢他给人们带来能支持人们来年生 存的食物。 2. Customarily, participants in the feast would make a corn dolly, a symbolic or decorative figure made of straw. 按照传统，参加宴会的人们用谷物将做个娃娃，它是用稻草做成的一种象征性装饰性 的物品。 Passage Passage: Background knowledge: States commemorate important events: 1) In Vermont, the Battle of Bennington is commemorated annually on August 16 2) In Louisiana, the Battle of New Orleans of the War of 1812 is commemorated on January 8 3) Patriot’s Day, commemorating the first battle of the American Revolution, is celebrated on or about April 19 in Massachusetts and Maine 4) Several southern states celebrate a confederate Memorial Day on different days in the spring. Language points: 1. Holiday refers to the day set apart for religious observance or for the commemoration of some extraordinary event or distinguished person. 假日指的是划出用作庆祝宗教或者纪念一些著名人物特殊的日子。 2. Holidays are characterized by a partial or totally stoppage of work and normal business activities and are generally accompanied by public and private ceremonies, including feasting, parades and carnivals, or displays of flags and speechmaking. 节日特色一般都是部分或完全的停止工作停止正常的活动，经常伴随着公共或私人的 庆祝，包括宴会、游行和狂欢，或者是悬挂旗帜和演讲。 be accompanied by 由某人陪伴/由某事伴随 He was accompanied by his wife. strong winds accompanied by heavy rain. 3. Subsequently, secular holidays commemorating historical occasions or distinguished persons outnumbered holy days, although many ancient religious rituals and customs have been carried over into modern times and incorporated into both secular and religious observations. 后来，虽然很多古老的宗教节日和风俗已经被带到了现代社会，并且以宗教的和非宗 教的方式庆祝，庆祝历史时刻或者著名人物的非宗教节日的数目还是超过了宗教节 日的数目。 1) outnumber 总数上超过 The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police. 2) incorporate 将某事物包含进去，包含 Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plans. A company incorporated in the USA 在美国新组建的公司 4. Today, the outstanding is one of religious observance and obstention from normal work routines, taking place on Sunday for Christians, Friday for Muslims, and Saturday for Jews. 今天，有名的宗教节日已经避开了正常的工作时间。基督教徒利用星期天，穆斯林采 用星期五，犹太教徒使用星期六来庆祝他们的节日。 5. The U.S. has no national holidays as such legal holidays — days on which banks, schools, or other public institutions and most places of business are closed — are designated by legislative enactment or by executive proclamation. 美国没有经立法指定或行政宣布的国家法定假日(即银行、学校或者其他公共部门和 大多数商业部门关门的日子) 1)be designated by 被---所指定的 2)legislative enactment 立法指定 3) executive proclamation 行政宣布 6. In the case of Thanksgiving Day the president proclaims the calendar date and requests national observance, and the states then usually enact the necessary legislation. 关于感恩节，总统宣布它在日历上的日期，要求全国庆祝。这样各个州通常制定相应的立法。 Exercises Exercises: Use of English 2. determine决定, declare宣布, discover发现, deposit存钱 3. culture文化, custom风俗, convention传统. calendar日历 5. celebrate庆祝, inspire给某人以灵感, cultivate耕种，培养 7. consideration 考虑 10. frequently频繁地, occasionally偶尔地, thoroughly完全地, casually随便地 13. arrange安排, apply申请，应用 14. performance表现，表演, mark做标记, display展示, basis基础 18. overtake追上，超越, consume消费, 19. functionally起作用地, nationally国家地, intentionally有意地, traditionally传统地 20. decorate装饰, surround包围 被动语态 语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态 时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。 feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch The teacher made me go out of the classroom. --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). We saw him play football on the playground. --> He was seen to play football on the playground. 2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。 Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 1. Let的用法 1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。 They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go. 2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。 The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 2 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown. My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before.. 3 表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that„ 据说 It is reported that„ 据报道 It is believed that„ 大家相信 It is hoped that„ 大家希望 It is well known that„ 众所周知 It is thought that„ 大家认为 It is suggested that„ 据建议 It is taken granted that„ 被视为当然 It has been decided that„ 大家决定 It must be remember that„务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday. 4 不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较: rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动 词往往有两种用法。解决这一问唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语: fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3) 系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态: die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked by her. 5 主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive„ The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. 3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 4) 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。 6 被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。 注意: 表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。 He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl. 7 need/want/require/worth 注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 典型例题 The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be clean 则也为正确答案。 典:done，"不可能已经"。must not do 不可以(用于一般现在时