AISC 303-05-第4、5、6、8翻译-译文-

AISC 303-05-第4、5、6、8翻译-译文- AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 SECTION 4. SHOP AND ERECTION DRAWINGS 车间和安装图纸 4.1. Owner Responsibility 业主责任 The Owner shall furnish, in a timely manner and in accordance with the Contract Documents, complete structural Design Drawings and Specifications that have been Released for Construction. Unless otherwise noted, Design Drawings that are provided as part of a contract bid package shall constitute authorization by the Owner that the Design Drawings are Released for Construction 业主要及时且根据文件提供完整的已经释放作为施工使用的结构图纸和规范。除 非有其他说明，作为合同投标包的一部分提供的设计图纸应由业主任命授权，此设计图纸 已经释放作为施工使用。 Commentary:注释 When the Owner issues Released-for-Construction Design Drawings and Specifications, the Fabricator and the Erector rely on the fact that these are the Owner’s requirements for the project. This release is required by the Fabricator prior to the ordering of material and the preparation and completion of Shop and Erection Drawings. 当业主发行释放作为施工目的的设计图纸和规范时，制造者和安装者将会把这些作为业主 对于此项目的要求。这样的释放将由制造商在定购材料、准备和完成车间和安装图纸之前 要求。 To ensure the orderly flow of material procurement, detailing, fabrication and erection activities, on phased construction projects, it is essential that designs are not continuously revised after they have been Released for Construction. In essence, once a portion of a design is Released for Construction, the essential elements of that design should be “frozen” to ensure adherence to the contract price and construction schedule. Alternatively, all parties should reach a common understanding of the effects of future changes, if any, as they affect scheduled deliveries and added costs. 为了确保材料采购、详图设计、制作和安装的有次序地进行，在阶段的施工项目，设计在 释放用于施工后并不是不断地进行修改的。 大体上，一旦设计的一部分释放用于施工， 设计的主要元素应“冻结”来保证合同价和施工进度的稳定。或者，所有的部件应达到一 个共同的关于将来的变更的理解，这些变更影响交货进度并增加成本。 4.2. Fabricator Responsibility 制造商责任 Except as provided in Section 4.5, the Fabricator shall produce Shop and Erection Drawings for the fabrication and erection of the Structural Steel and is responsible for the following: 除了章节4.5中提供的，制造商应进行用于钢结构的制造和安装的车间和安装图制的制作， 且对于以下负责: (a) The transfer of information from the Contract Documents into accurate and complete Shop and Erection Drawings; and, 将合同文件中的信息转移到正确和完整的车间和安装图纸;且 (b) The development of accurate, detailed dimensional information to provide for the fit-up of parts in the field. 正确、详细的尺寸信息的确定，以提供现场的临时部件。 Each Shop and Erection Drawing shall be identified by the same drawing number throughout the duration of the project and shall be identified by revision number and date, with each specific revision clearly identified. 每张车间和安装图纸在项目过程中应用同样的图纸号标识，且应用修订号和日期标识，且 要清晰地标识每个明确的修订本。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 2 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges When the Fabricator submits a request to change Connection details that are described in the Contract Documents, the Fabricator shall notify the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction in writing in advance of the submission of the Shop and Erection Drawings. The Owner’s Designated Representative for Design shall review and approve or reject the request in a timely manner. 当制造商提交一个要求来变更合同文件中描述的连接详图，制造商要在提交车间和安装图 纸之前，书面通知业主指定的设计和施工代表业主指定的设计代表应及时检查并通过或拒 绝此要求。 When requested to do so by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design, the Fabricator shall provide to the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction its schedule for the submittal of Shop and Erection Drawings so as to facilitate the timely flow of information between all parties. 当业主指定的设计代表如此要求时，制造商应向业主指定的设计和施工代表提供其车间和 安装图纸提交的进度，以便于在所有方之间及时的信息交流。 Commentary: 注释 The fabricator is permitted to use the services of independent detailers to produce shop and erection drawings and to perform other support services such as producing advanced bills of material and bolt summaries. 制造商允许使用中立设计员的设计来进行车间和安装图纸的制作，和进行其他支持服务， 例如制作预先的材料单和螺栓清单。 As the Fabricator develops the detailed dimensional information for production of the Shop and Erection Drawings, there may be discrepancies, missing information or conflicts discovered in the Contract Documents. See Section 3.3. 制造商为车间和安装图纸的生产来设计详细的尺寸信息，可能产生与合同文件的差异，缺 少信息或冲突。见章节3.3。 When the Fabricator intends to make a submission of alternative Connection details to those shown in the Contract Documents, the Fabricator must notify the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction in advance. This will allow the parties involved to plan for the increased effort that may be required to review the alternative Connection details. In addition, the Owner will be able to evaluate the potential for cost savings and/or schedule improvements against the additional design cost for review of the alternative Connection details by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design. This evaluation by the Owner may result in the rejection of the alternative Connection details or acceptance of the submission for review based upon cost savings, schedule improvements and/or job efficiencies. 当制造商想要对合同文件中提到的部分提供一个可选择的连接详细设计时，制造商必须提 前通知业主指定的设计和施工代表。这样将允许各方都对增加的错误进行计划，这些错误 可能要求检查可选择的连接设计。此外，业主应能够评估对于由业主指定的设计代表进行 的检查可选择的连接设计的额外设计费用的节省费用和/或进度的潜在能力。此评估可能 造成可选择的连接设计的拒绝或基于节省费用、进度改进和/或产品合格率的评估的提交 的接受。 The Owner’s Designated Representative for Design may request the Fabricator’s schedule for the submittal of shop and erection drawings. This process is intended to allow the parties to plan for the staffing demands of the submission schedule. The Contract Documents may address this issue in more detail. In the absence of the requirement to provide this schedule, none need be provided. 业主指定的设计代表可能要求制造商的车间和安装图纸提交的进度。此过程是为了让各方 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 3 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 都计划提交进度的人员要求。合同文件可以更详细地说明此问题。当不要求提供此进度时， 则不需要提供。 When the Fabricator provides a schedule for the submission of the Shop and Erection Drawings, it must be recognized that this schedule may be affected by revisions and the response time to requests for missing information or the resolution of discrepancies. 当制造商提供了车间和安装图纸提交的进度时，必须认为此进度可能由于修订和缺少的信 息所需要的相应的时间或差异的决议的影响。 4.3 Use of CAD Files and/or Copies of Design Drawings CAD文件和/或设计图纸拷贝的使用 The Fabricator shall neither use nor reproduce any part of the Design Drawings as part of the Shop or Erection Drawings without the written permission of the Owner's Designated Representative for Design. When CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings are made available for the Fabricator’s use, the Fabricator shall accept this information under the following conditions: 制造商在的到业主指定的设计代表的书面许可前，既不能使用也不能复制任何作为车间或 安装图纸的以部分的设计图纸。当制造商可以使用设计图纸的CAD文件或拷贝时，制造商 应在以下条件下接受此信息: (a) All information contained in the CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings shall be considered instruments of service of the Owner's Designated Representative for Design and shall not be used for other projects, additions to the project or the completion of the project by others. CAD files and copies of the Design Drawings shall remain the property of the Owner's Designated Representative for Design and in no case shall the transfer of these CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings be considered a sale. 设计图纸的CAD文件或拷贝中包含的所有信息都应被认为是业主指定的设计代表的 服务工具，且不应用于其他项目，或由其他人帮助或完成此项目。设计图纸的CAD文 件和拷贝应为业主指定的设计代表所有，在任何情况下都不能认为此设计图纸的CAD 文件或拷贝的转让是出售。 (b) The CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings shall not be considered to be Contract Documents. In the event of a conflict between the Design Drawings and the CAD files or copies thereof, the Design Drawings shall govern; 设计图纸的CAD文件和拷贝不能被认为是合同文件。如果在设计图纸和CAD文件或拷 贝之间由冲突，则遵守设计图纸中的要求; (c) The use of CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings shall not in any way obviate the Fabricator’s responsibility for proper checking and coordination of dimensions, details, member sizes and fit-up and quantities of materials as required to facilitate the preparation of Shop and Erection Drawings that are complete and accurate as required in Section 4.2; and, 设计图纸的CAD文件和拷贝的使用不能释放制造商进行适当的章节4.2中要求的能够 使车间和安装图纸完整且正确的准备的尺寸、详图、构件尺寸和配件和材料量的检查 的责任;和， (d) The Fabricator shall remove information that is not required for the fabrication or erection of the Structural Steel from the CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings. 制造商应将与钢结构制造和安装无关的信息从设计图纸的CAD文件和拷贝中删除。 Commentary:注释 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 4 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges With the advent of electronic media and the internet, electronic copies of Design Drawings are becoming readily available to the Fabricator. As a result, the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design may have reduced control over the unauthorized use of the Design Drawings. There are many copyright and other legal issues to be considered. 随着电子媒体和因特网的出现，设计图纸的电子拷贝已经被制造商所接受。因此，业主指 定的设计代表可以减少设计图纸的未授权使用的管理。还有很多版权和其他法律问题要考 虑。 The Owner’s Designated Representative for Design may choose to make CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings available to the Fabricator, and may charge a service or licensing fee for this convenience. In doing so, a carefully negotiated agreement should be established to set out the specific responsibilities of both parties in view of the liabilities involved for both parties. For a sample contract, see CASE Document 11. 业主指定的设计代表可以选择制作CAD文件或使用设计图纸的复印本，且为了方便可能支 付一些服务或执照费用。这样，就需要进行一次谨慎的商谈协商来规定双方的明确的责任， 考虑到双方的负债问题。作为一个合同样本，可以参考CASE文件11。 The CAD files and/or copies of the Design Drawings are provided to the Fabricator for convenience only. The information therein should be adapted for use only in reference to the placement of Structural Steel members during erection. The Fabricator should treat this information as if it were fully produced by the Fabricator and undertake the same level of checking and quality assurance. When amendments or revisions are made to the Contract Documents, the Fabricator must update this reference material. 设计图纸的CAD文件和/或拷贝提供给制造商仅作为方便的用途。其中的信息应仅用于安 装过程中钢结构构件的放置参考。制造商要将这些信息作为由制造商自己完全制造的信 息，且承担同样级别的检查和质量保证。当修改合同文件时，制造商必须更新这些参考材 料。 When CAD files or copies of the Design Drawings are provided to the Fabricator, they often contain other information, such as architectural backgrounds or references to other Contract Documents. This additional avoid the potential for confusion. 当设计图纸的CAD文件或拷贝提供给制造商时，它们通常包含其他信息，例如其他合同文 件的建筑背景或参考。这些信息避免了混淆的可能。 4.4. Approval 批准 Except as provided in Section 4.5, the Shop and Erection Drawings shall be submitted to the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction for review and approval. These drawings shall be returned to the Fabricator within 14 calendar days. Approved Shop and Erection Drawings shall be individually annotated by the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction as either approved or approved subject to corrections noted. When so required, the Fabricator shall subsequently make the corrections noted and furnish corrected Shop and Erection Drawings to the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction. 除了章节4.5中提供的信息，车间和安装图纸应提交给业主指定的设计和施工代表进行检查 和通过。这些图纸应在14个工作日内返还给制造商。认可的车间和安装图纸应分别由业主 指定的设计和施工代表进行评注，批准或根据所注明的修改批准。当这样要求时，制造商 接下来应根据注释进行改正，并提供修正的车间和安装图纸给业主指定的设计和施工代 表。 Commentary:注释 As used in this Code, the 14-day allotment for the return of Shop and Erection Drawings is AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 5 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges intended to represent the Fabricator’s portal-to-portal time. The intent in this Code is that, in the absence of information to the contrary in the Contract Documents, 14 days may be assumed for the purposes of bidding, contracting and scheduling. A submittal schedule is commonly used to facilitate the approval process. 在此规范中，返还车间和安装图纸的14天是指制造商的上班时间。其目的是，在缺乏合同 文件信息时，可以假设有14天用于投标、签署合同以及进度安排。提交进度一般用于促进 经批准的过程。 If a Shop or Erection Drawing is approved subject to corrections noted, the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design may or may not require that it be re-submitted for record purposes following correction. If a Shop or Erection Drawing is not approved, revisions must be made and the drawing resubmitted until approval is achieved. 如果车间或安装图纸批准服从注明的修正，业主指定的设计代表可以要求也可以不要求作 为目的的以下修正的重新提交如果车间或安装图纸未批准，必须进行修订，直到提交 的图纸被批准。 4.4.1 Approval of the Shop and Erection Drawings, approval subject to corrections noted and similar approvals shall constitute the following: 车间和安装图纸的批准，根据注明进行修正后批准，和类似的批准应: (a) Confirmation that the Fabricator has correctly interpreted the Contract Documents in the preparation of those submittals; 确认制造商已经在这些提交的准备上正确地解释了合同文件。 (b) Confirmation that the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design has reviewed and approved the Connection details shown on the Shop and Erection Drawings and submitted in accordance with Section 3.1.2, if applicable; and, 确认业主指定的设计代表已经检查并通过车间和安装图纸上显示的修正细节，且根据 章节3.1.2进行了提交;且 (c) Release by the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction for the Fabricator to begin fabrication using the approved submittals. 由业主指定的设计和施工代表释放给制造商，使用批准的提交文件进行制造。 Such approval shall not relieve the Fabricator of the responsibility for either the accuracy of the detailed dimensions in the Shop and Erection Drawings or the general fit-up of parts that are to be assembled in the field. 这样的批准不能减轻制造商对于车间和安装图纸上的详细尺寸或一般要在现场组装的临 时装置的准确性的责任。 The Fabricator shall determine the fabrication schedule that is necessary to meet the requirements of the contract. 制造商应确定制造进度，此进度需符合合同的要求。 Commentary:注释 When considering the current language in this Section, the Committee sought language that would parallel the practices of CASE. In CASE Document 962, CASE indicates that when the design of some element of the primary structural system is left to someone other than the Structural Engineer of Record, “…such elements, including connections designed by others, should be reviewed by the Structural Engineer of Record. He [or she] should review such designs and details, accept or reject them and be responsible for their effects on the primary structural system.” Historically, this Code has embraced this same concept. AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 6 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 当考虑到此章节所用的语言，协会语言和CASE的习惯相同。在CASE文件962，CASE指出 当由结构工程师以外的人设计主要结构系统的某些构件时，“„这些构件，包括其他人设 计的连接，要由结构工程师检查。他(或她)应检查这样的设计和详图，接受或拒绝，并 对其对主要结构系统的影响负责。”此规范包含了同样的观点。 From the inception of this Code, AISC and the industry in general have recognized that only the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design has all the information necessary to evaluate the total impact of Connection details on the overall structural design of the project. This authority has traditionally been exercised during the approval process for Shop and Erection Drawings. The Owner’s Designated Representative for Design has thus retained responsibility for the adequacy and safety of the entire structure since at least the 1927 edition of this Code. 从获得此规范，AICS和工业一般已经公认只有业主指定的设计代表由所需的全部信息来 评估此项目的总体结构设计上的连接细节的总的影响。此权威已经在车间和安装图纸的通 过的过程中得到了经验。业主指定的设计代表已经因此保留了适当和安全的完整的结构的 责任，至少从此规范的1927年的版本起。 4.4.2. Unless otherwise noted, any additions, deletions or Revisions that are indicated in responses to RFIs or on the approved Shop and Erection Drawings shall constitute authorization by the Owner that the additions, deletions or revisions are Released for Construction. The Fabricator and the Erector shall promptly notify the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction when any direction or notation in responses to RFIs or on the Shop or Erection Drawings or other information will result in an additional cost and/or a delay. See Sections 3.5 and 9.3. 除非有其他说明，被指出的作为响应RFIs或在批准的车间和安装图纸上的任何增加，删 除或修订要由业主授权认可，说明这些增加、删除或修订可以释放用于施工。当RFIs或 车间、安装图纸上的任何趋势或符号造成了额外的费用和/或造成了工期的延迟，制造商 和安装者应马上通知业主指定的施工代表。见章节3.5和9.3。 Commentary:注释 When the Fabricator notifies the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction that a direction or notation in responses to RFIs or on the Shop or Erection Drawings will result in an additional cost or a delay, it is then normally the responsibility of the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction to subsequently notify the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design. 当制造商通知业主指定的施工代表，RFIs或车间、安装图纸上的任何趋势或符号造成了额 外的费用和/或造成了工期的延迟，通常业主指定的施工代表会接下来通知业主指定的设 计代表。 4.5. Shop and/or Erection Drawings Not Furnished by the Fabricator 非制造商提供的车间和/或安装图纸 When the Shop and Erection Drawings are not prepared by the Fabricator, but are furnished by others, they shall be delivered to the Fabricator in a timely manner. These Shop and Erection Drawings shall be prepared, insofar as is practical, in accordance with the shop fabrication and detailing standards of the Fabricator. The Fabricator shall neither be responsible for the completeness or accuracy of Shop and Erection Drawings so furnished, nor for the general fit-up of the members that are fabricated from them. 如果车间和安装图纸不是由制造商制作的，而是由其他人提供，图纸要及时移交给制造商。 这些车间和安装图纸应在应用范围内根据制造商车间制作和详图规范进行制作。制造商既 不能对这些车间和安装图纸的完整和准确负责，也不对一般临时装置负责。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 7 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 4.6. The RFI Process FRI流程 When Requests for Information (RFIs) are issued, the process shall include the maintenance of a written record of inquiries and responses related to interpretation and implementation of the Contract Documents, including the Clarifications and/or Revisions to the Contract Documents that result, if any. RFIs shall not be used for the incremental Release for Construction of Design Drawings. When RFIs involve discrepancies or Revisions, see Sections 3.3, 3.5, and 4.4.2. 当发行信息咨询(RISs)时，流程应包括维持一个关于合同文件的解释和执行的调查和响 应的书面记录，包括由此所造成的合同文件的澄清和/或修改。RFIs不应用于图纸设计施工 的增加的释放。当RFIs产生差异或修改时，见章节3.3，3.5和4.4.2。 Commentary:注释 The RFI process is most commonly used during the detailing process, but can also be used to forward inquiries by the Erector or to inform the Owners Designated Representative For Design in the event of a fabricator or erector error and to develop corrective measures to resolve such errors. RFI流程多数用于详图设计过程中，但是也可以用于安装者的提前调查，或在发生制造商 或安装者的错误时，用于告知业主指定的设计代表，来进行调整措施来解决这些错误。 The RFI process is intended to provide a written record of inquiries and associated responses but not to replace all verbal communication between the parties on the project. RFIs should be prepared and responded to in a timely fashion so as not to delay the work of the Detailer, Fabricator, and Erector. Discussion of the RFI issues and possible solutions between the Fabricator, Erector, and Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction often can facilitate timely and practical resolution. Unlike Shop and Erection Drawing submittals in Section 4.2, RFI response time can vary depending on the urgency of the issue, the amount of work required by the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction to develop a complete response, and other circumstances such as building official approval. RFI流程要提供一个调查以及相关的回应的书面记录，单不能取代此项目双方之间的任何 语言通信。RFIs应及时准备和回应，不能拖延设计者，制造商和安装者的工作。制造商， 安装者，和业主指定的设计和施工代表之间的RFI发行的讨论和可能的解决方法通常可以 促进及时且实用的解决。与装节4.2中所说的提交的车间和安装图纸不同，RFI响应时间可 以根据发行的紧急程度而不同，业主指定的设计和施工代表要求的工作的量可以进行一个 完整的响应，和其他如建筑正式批准的情况。 RFIs should be prepared in a standardized format, including RFI number and date, identity of the author, reference to a specific Design Drawing number (and specific detail as applicable) or Specification section, the needed response date, a description of a suggested solution (graphic depictions are recommended for more complex issues), and an indication of possible schedule and cost impacts. RFIs should be limited to one question each (unless multiple questions are interrelated to the same issue) to facilitate the resolution and minimize response time. Questions and proposed solutions presented in RFIs should be clear and complete. RFI responses should be equally clear and complete in the depictions of the solutions, and signed and dated by the responding party. RFIs应用格式制作，包括RFI号和日期，制作者的身份，参考一个明确的设计图纸号 (和明确的详情，如果可适用)或规范章节，需要的响应日期，建议的解决方法的描述(对 于更复杂的问题推荐用图解描述)，和一个可能的进度和费用影响的说明。RFIs应限制于 每个只有一个问题(除非关于同一个问题有多个询问)来促进解决并使得响应时间最短。 RFIs中陈述的询问和建议的解决方法应清晰且完整。RFI响应应该在解决方法的描述上同 样的清晰且完整，且由响应方签字并署上日期。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 8 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Unless otherwise noted, the Fabricator/Erector can assume that a response to an RFI constitutes a Release for Construction. However, if the response will result in an increase in cost or a delay in schedule, Section 4.4.2 requires that the Fabricator/Erector promptly inform the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction. 除非由其他说明，制造商/安装者可以认为RFI的响应是释放用于施工的。当然，如果响应 没有造成成本的增加或进度的延迟，章节4.4.2要求制造商/安装者要马上通知业主指定的 设计和施工代表。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 9 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Section 5. Materials 原料 5.1. Mill Materials 轧制原料 5.2. Stock Materials库存原料 5.1. Mill Materials 轧制原料 Unless otherwise noted in the Contract Documents, the Fabricator is permitted to order the materials that are necessary for fabrication when the Fabricator receives Contract Documents that have been Released for Construction. 除非其他有在合同文件里面注明的，当制作一方收到提交的建筑合同文件的时候，制作方可以 采购制作加工所需的原料。 Commentary: 注释 The Fabricator may purchase materials in stock lengths, exact lengths or multiples of exact lengths to suit the dimensions shown in the structural Design Drawings. Such purchases will normally be job-specific in nature and may not suitable for use on other projects or returned for full credit if subsequent design changes make these materials unsuitable for their originally intended use. The Fabricator should be paid for these materials upon delivery from the mill, subject to appropriate additional payment or credit if subsequent unanticipated modification or reorder is required. Purchasing materials to exact lengths is not considered fabrication. 制作方可按材料的存货长度，确切长度或多个确切长度来采购材料以符合结构设计图的要求尺 寸。 这种采购是针对工程的，并可能不适合其他项目使用，且如果因随后的设计变更造成这些材料 不符合他们原先的预定使用目的的话，也是不能按原价退货的。制作方应支付这些从工厂采购 材料的运输费用，如果后面不能预计的修改或重新采购材料，要求制造商给予适当的额外赔偿 或欠款。制作加工不考虑采购材料的精确长度。 5.1.1. Unless otherwise specified by means of special testing requirements in the Contract Documents, mill testing shall be limited to those tests that are required for the material in the ASTM specifications indicated in the Contract Documents. Materials ordered to special material requirements shall be marked by the supplier as specified in ASTM A6/A6M Section 12 prior to delivery to the Fabricator’s shop or other point of use. Such material not so marked by the supplier, shall not be used until: 除非其他在合同文件里面专门测试要求指出的，在合同文件ASTM 规范指出的，材料要求的 那些测试限制使用工厂测试。按照ASTM A6/A6M 第 12部分指定的，在材料运到制作方车 间或其他使用地点之前，供货商应在专用材料要求的采购的原料上做标记。未经供货商做标记 的材料不能使用。 (a) Its identification is established by means of testing in accordance with the applicable ASTM specifications; and， 按照可应用的ASTM 规范，通过检测的方式确定材料鉴定，且 (b) A Fabricator’s identification mark, as described in Section 6.1.2 and 6.1.3, has been applied. 按照6.1.2 和 6.1.3部分说明的, 已经申请了制作方的商标。 5.1.2. When Mill Material does not satisfy ASTM A6/A6M tolerances for camber, profile, flatness or sweep, the Fabricator shall be permitted to perform corrective procedures, including the use of controlled heating and/or mechanical straightening, subject to the limitations in the AISC Specification. 当轧制材料不满足ASTM A6/A6M挠度，剖面，平面或扫描公差时，制作方应进行修改程序， AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 10 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 按照 AISC规范的局限性，包括控制热矫直或机器矫直的使用。 Commentary:注释 Mill dimensional tolerances are completely set forth in ASTM A6/A6M. Normal variations in the cross-sectional geometry of Standard Structural Shapes must be recognized by the designer, the Fabricator, the Steel Detailer and the Erector (for example, see Figure C–5.1). Such tolerances are mandatory because roll wear, thermal distortions of the hot cross-section immediately after leaving the forming rolls and differential cooling distortions that take place on the cooling beds are all unavoidable. Geometric perfection of the cross-section is not necessary for either structural or architectural reasons, if the tolerances are recognized and provided for. ASTM A6/A6M also stipulates tolerances for straightness that are adequate for typical construction. However, these characteristics may be controlled or corrected to closer tolerances during the fabrication process when the added cost is justified by the special requirements for an atypical project. 轧制的尺寸公差全部在ASTM A6/A6M里面有提出。 标准结构型材的代表性的几何正规变差，应经过制图师，制作方，钢样设计员和安装方的验证 (如，见图C-5.1)。这一公差是必须的，因为辊轧损耗，在离开成形轧机和微分的冷变形后， 热截面的热变形迅速，发生在冷床上的公差是不可避免的。 如果公差已经过验证且提供了，结构和建筑推断的截面的几何完整性不需要 。 ASTM A6/A6M同样规定直线性公差适合典型建筑。然而，当不典型的项目的特殊要求证明附 加的成本是有效的时候，在制作过程中，这些特征可能被限制或修改到相近的公差。 5.1.3. When variations that exceed ASTM A6/A6M tolerances are discovered or occur after the receipt of Mill Material the Fabricator shall, at the Fabricator’s option, be permitted to perform the ASTM A6/A6M corrective procedures for mill reconditioning of the surface of Structural Steel shapes and plates. 收到轧制的原料后，当发现或出现变更超过了ASTM A6/A6M公差范围的时候,允许制作方在 其权限内，执行ASTM A6/A6M修改程序，轧制修理结构钢型材和板材表面。 5.1.4. When special tolerances that are more restrictive than those in ASTM A6/A6M are required for Mill Materials, such special tolerances shall be specified in the Contract Documents. The Fabricator shall, at the Fabricator’s option, be permitted to order material to ASTM A6/A6M tolerances and subsequently perform the corrective procedures described in Sections 5.1.2 and 5.1.3. 当轧制材料的特定公差比在TM A6/A6M里要求的公差更受限制的时候, 这一公差要在合同内 说明. 允许制作方采购ASTM A6/A6M公差材料并随后完成5.1.2 和 5.1.3部分说明的修改程序. 5.2. Stock Materials 库存原料 5.2.1. If used for structural purposes, materials that are taken from stock by the Fabricator shall be of a quality that is at least equal to that required in the ASTM specifications indicated in the Contract Documents. 制作方从现有库存里面采购的如果用于建筑目的地原料,原料质量应至少等同于合同里面 ASTM规范里面要求的质量. 5.2.2. Certified mill test reports shall be accepted as sufficient record of the quality of materials taken from stock by the Fabricator. The Fabricator shall review and retain the certified mill test reports that cover such stock materials. However, the Fabricator need not maintain records that identify individual pieces of stock material against individual certified mill test reports, provided the Fabricator purchases stock materials that meet the requirements for material grade and quality in the AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 11 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges applicable ASTM specifications. 制作方应拿到钢厂质保书以作为从现有库存里面采购的材料质量的充分记录. 制作方应审核并保留包含这些库存原料的质保书。然而，制作方不需要保留根据各份质保书来 鉴别的库存材料的各个部件，除非制作方采购满足ASTM规范中的可应用质量和等级要求的 库存原料。 5.2.3. Stock materials that are purchased under no particular specification, under a specification that is less rigorous than the applicable ASTM specifications or without certified mill test reports or other recognized test reports shall not be used without the approval of the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design. 按照非特定规范采购的库存原料、按照不及可应用的ASTM规范严格的规范来采购的材料、 或没有工厂质保书或其他机构的测试的材料，在没有得到业主的指定设计代表的批准前， 不得使用。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 12 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges U.S惯例单位 翼缘-斜面公差 T+T’=1/4英寸d ?12in =5/16英寸d,12in 实际高度公差 d1 =d正的或负的1/8英寸(样板) dmax=d+ T+T’ 实际翼缘高度公差 b， =1/2bf正的或负的3/16英寸 b, =1/2bf负的或正的3/16英寸 bmax= bf正的1/4英寸或负的3/16 英寸 实际截面 理论截面 公制单位 翼缘-斜面公差 T+T’=6mm d?300mm =8mm d,300mm 实际高度公差 d1 =d 正的或负的3mm dmax=d+ T+T’ 实际翼缘高度公差 b， =1/2bf正的或负的5mm b, =1/2bf负的或正的5mm bmax= bf +6mm或-5mm Figure C-5.1. Mill tolerances on the cross-section of a W-shape. 图C5-1 W-样板界面的轧制公差 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 13 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges SECTION 6. SHOP FABRICATION AND DELIVERY 第六章 车间制造与交货 6.1. Identification of Material 6.1 材料鉴定 6.1.1. The Fabricator shall be able to demonstrate by written procedure and actual practice a method of material identification, visible up to the point of assembling members as follows: 6.1.1制造商应能够参照书面程序和实际操作来鉴定材料，并集合以下几点: (a) For shop-standard material, identification capability shall include shape designation. Representative mill test reports shall be furnished by the Fabricator if requested to do so by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design, either in the Contract Documents or in separate written instructions given to the Fabricator prior to ordering Mill Materials. (a) 对于车间标准的材料，鉴别性应包括型材名称。如果在订材料前业主委派的设计代表，或 是在合同文件上或是有单独的书面指示要求，制作方要提供代表性的材料测试报告 (b) For material of grade other than shop-standard material, identification capability shall include shape designation and material grade. Representative mill test reports shall be furnished by the Fabricator if requested to do so by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design, either in the Contract Documents or in separate written instructions given to the Fabricator prior to ordering Mill Materials. (b) 关于材料的等级, 不同于车间标准,鉴别性应包括型材名称和材料等级。如果在订材料前业 主委派的设计代表，或是在合同文件上或是有单独的书面指示要求，制作方要提供代表性的材 料测试报告 (c) For material ordered in accordance with an ASTM supplement or other special material requirements in the Contract Documents, identification capability shall include shape designation, material grade, and heat number. The corresponding mill test reports shall be furnished by the Fabricator if requested to do so by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design, either in the Contract Documents or in separate written instructions given to the Fabricator prior to ordering Mill Materials. (c) 关于材料订购要依照ASTM的合同文件中的一份附录或是其它特殊材料要求，鉴别性应包 括型材名称，材料等级，和熔炼炉号。如果在订材料前业主委派的设计代表，或是在合同文件 上或是有单独的书面指示要求，制作方要提供相应的材料测试报告 Unless an alternative system is established in the Fabricator’s written procedures, shop-standard material shall be as follows: 除非制造商的书面程序中制定了一种二选一的系统，那么车间标准的材料应按照以 Material Shop-standard material grade 材料 车间标准的材料等级 W and WT ASTM A992 M, S, MT and ST ASTM A36 HP ASTM A36 L ASTM A36 C and MC ASTM A36 HSS ASTM A500 grade B Steel Pipe ASTM A53 grade B AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 14 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Plates and Bars ASTM A36 Commentary: 注释 The requirements in Section 6.1.1(a) will suffice for most projects. When material is of a strength level that differs from the shop-standard grade, the requirements in Section 6.1.1(b) apply. When special material requirements apply, such as ASTM A6/A6M supplement S5 or S30 for CVN testing, ASTM A6/A6M supplement S8 for ultrasonic testing, or ASTM A588/A588M for atmospheric corrosion resistance, the requirements in Section 6.1.1(c) are applicable. 第六章6.1.1(a)中的要求将满足绝大多数的项目。当特殊材料的强度水平不同于车间标准等 级,要求适同于Section 6.1.1(b).当出现特殊材料要求时,如ASTMA6/A6M 附录S5或S30的CVN 检测要求。ASTM A6/A6M 附录S8的超音波探伤要求，或ASTM A588/A588M的抗空气腐性要 求，这些Section 6.1.1(c)的规定要求都是适用的。 6.1.2. During fabrication, up to the point of assembling members, each piece of material that is ordered to special material requirements shall carry a Fabricator’s identification mark or an original supplier’s identification mark. The Fabricator’s identification mark shall be in accordance with the Fabricator’s established material identification system, which shall be on record and available prior to the start of fabrication for the information of the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction, the building-code authority and the Inspector. 6.1.2 生产期间，组装构件时，每件根据特殊材料要求的材料上都要有制造商的商标或原始供 应商的商标。制造商的商标应根据制造商建立的材料确认系统，这样的系统应该有记录并在制 作之前提供给业主指派的施工代表，建筑规则事务监督和检查员。 6.1.3. Members that are made of material that is ordered to special material requirements shall not be given the same assembling or erection mark as members made of other material, even if they are of identical dimensions and detail. 如果某组装构件的组成材料是按照特殊材料定轧的，那么就不应是使用和其他构件相同的组装 或安装标识，即使它们具有相同的尺寸和结构。 6.2. Preparation of Material 材料的准备 6.2.1. The thermal cutting of Structural Steel by hand-guided or mechanically guided means is permitted. 6.2.1 钢结构的热切割充许手动焊接或机械焊接。 6.2.2. Surfaces that are specified as “finished” in the Contract Documents shall have a roughness height value measured in accordance with ANSI/ASME B46.1 that is equal to or less than 500. The use of any fabricating technique that produces such a finish is permitted. 6.2.2 合文件中规定只要是“完成”的表面就应是具有符合ANSI/ASME B46.1要求的表面粗糙 度高度系数，等于或小于500。允许使用制作工艺生产出达到完成效果的表面。 Commentary: 注释 Most cutting processes, including friction sawing and cold sawing, and milling processes meet a surface roughness limitation of 500 per ANSI/ASME B46.1. 大多数切割方法，包括摩擦锯切和冷锯切，以及铣洗都可以达到ANSI/ASME B46.1 限定500 的表面粗糙度。 6.3. Fitting and Fastening 安装与加固 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 15 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 6.3.1. Projecting elements of Connection materials need not be straightened in the connecting plane, subject to the limitations in the AISC Specification. 6.3.1 工程的连接元件材料不需要在连接平面内弄直，要依照AISC的规定。 6.3.2. Backing bars and runoff tabs shall be used in accordance with AWS D1.1 as required to produce sound welds. The Fabricator or Erector need not remove backing bars or runoff tabs unless such removal is specified in the Contract Documents. When the removal of backing bars is specified in the Contract Documents, such removal shall meet the requirements in AWS D1.1. When the removal of runoff tabs is specified in the Contract Documents, hand flame cutting close to the edge of the finished member with no further finishing is permitted, unless other finishing is specified in the Contract Documents. 6.3.2 按照AWSD1.1的完好焊接要求使用垫板和熄弧板。制造商或安装方不需要移动衬钢或熄 弧板，除非是合同文件规定必须要去除。当合同文件中注明要移出垫板时，整个移出过程要符 合AWS D1.1的规定。当合同中有明确说明要去掉熄弧板时，对不需要再进行其他处理的构件 允许通过手动火焰切在靠近完工构件边缘的部位实施切除工作，除非在合同文件里规定还需要 其他处理。 Commentary: 注释 In most cases, the treatment of backing bars and runoff tabs is left to the discretion of the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design. In some cases, treatment beyond the basic cases described in this Section may be required. As one example, special treatment is required for backing bars and runoff tabs in beam-to-column moment Connections when the requirements in the AISC Seismic Provisions must be met. In all cases, the Owner’s Designated Representative for Design should specify the required treatments in the Contract Documents. 在多数情况下，垫板和熄弧板的处理方法将由业主委派的设计代表来决定。在有些情况下，高 于普通情况的处理方法要在一些章节里提出要求。比如，对衬钢和引孤板的特殊处理方法的要 求在梁接头必须适用AISC的抗震规范。在所有情况下，业主委派的设计代表应将处理方法的 要求列入合同文件。 6.3.3. Unless otherwise noted in the Shop Drawings, high-strength bolts for shop attached Connection material shall be installed in the shop in accordance with the requirements in the AISC Specification. 6.3.3除非车间图纸有其它的标注，车间配附连接材料的高强度螺栓应同于AISC要求的规格安 装。 6.4. Fabrication Tolerances 制造公差 The tolerances on Structural Steel fabrication shall be in accordance with the requirements in Section 6.4.1 through 6.4.6. 钢结构制造的容差应同于6.4.1到6.4.6的要求。 Commentary: 注释 Fabrication tolerances are stipulated in several specifications and codes, each applicable to a specialized area of construction. Basic fabrication tolerances are stipulated in this Section. For Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel, see Section 10. Other specifications and codes are also commonly incorporated by reference in the Contract Documents, such as the AISC Specification, the AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 16 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges RCSC Specification, AWS D1.1 and the AASHTO Specification. 制造容差在一些具体要求和规则中做了规定，适用于各施工特殊区域。基本的制造容差是在这 章中要做规定。关于钢结构建筑的爆破，参照第10章。其它具体要求和规范也要参照合同文件， 如AISC的具体要求，RCSC的具体要求，AWSD1.1和AASHTO的具体要求。 6.4.1. For members that have both ends finished (see Section 6.2.2) for contact bearing, the variation in the overall length shall be equal to or less than 1/32 in. [1 mm]. For other members that frame to other Structural Steel elements, the variation in the detailed length shall be as follows: 6.4.1 关于构件中接触轴承两端的完成(见Section 6.2.2)，全部长度的偏差应小于等于1/32英 寸(1毫米)。关于框架到其它钢结构元件的构件，详细的偏差应按下列规定: (a) For members that are equal to or less than 30 ft [9 000 mm] in length, the variation shall be equal to or less than 1/16 in. [2 mm]. (a) 构件长度小于等于30英尺(9000毫米)的，偏差要小于等于1/16英寸(2毫米)。 (b) For members that are greater than 30 ft [9 000 mm] in length, the variation shall be equal to or less than 1/8 in. [3 mm]. (b)构件长度大于30英尺(9000毫米)的，偏差要小于等于1/8英寸(3毫米)。 6.4.2. For straight structural members other than compression members, whether of a single Standard Structural Shape or built-up, the variation in straightness shall be equal to or less than that specified for wide-flange shapes in ASTM A6/A6M, except when a smaller variation in straightness is specified in the Contract Documents. For straight compression members, whether of a Standard Structural Shape or built-up, the variation in straightness shall be equal to or less than 1/1000 of the axial length between points that are to be laterally supported. For curved structural members, the variation from the theoretical curvature shall be equal to or less than the variation in sweep that is specified for an equivalent straight member of the same straight length in ASTM A6/A6M. 6.4.2 除了受压构件外的直结构构件，不管是属于单个标准结构型钢还是已有建筑，直线性的 偏差应等于或小于ASTM A6/A6M 宽翼缘型钢指定的值，除非合同文件上规定了一个直线性 的更小的偏差。对于直受压构件，不管是属于标准结构型钢还是已有建筑，直线性的偏差应小 于等于横向支撑的两点间轴长的1/1000。对于弯曲结构构件，理论上弯曲的偏差应小于等于 ASTM A6/A6M规定的直构件的弯曲偏差。 In all cases, completed members shall be free of twists, bends and open joints. Sharp kinks or bends shall be cause for rejection. 在任何情况下，完成的整构件应无扭曲，弯曲和开口。强烈的扭曲和弯曲将成为不合格的原因。 6.4.3. For beams and trusses that are detailed without specified camber, the member shall be fabricated so that, after erection, any incidental camber due to rolling or shop fabrication is upward. 6.4.3 如果梁和桁架的详图转换中没有规定起拱度，构件应按照不起拱生产，在组装后，由于 翻转或车间制作造成的起拱是向上的。 6.4.4. For beams that are specified in the Contract Documents with camber, beams received by the Fabricator with 75% of the specified camber shall require no further cambering. Otherwise, the variation in camber shall be as follows: 对于在合同文件中规定了要有拱度的梁，制造商收到的梁有规定的75% 的拱度，那么不需要 继续起拱。。另外，拱度的偏差应按照下列要求: (a) For beams that are equal to or less than 50 ft [15 000 mm] in length, the variation shall be equal AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 17 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges to or less than minus zero / plus 1/2 in. [13 mm]. (a)对于梁小于等于50英尺(15000毫米)的，偏差应小于等于负零/正1/2 英寸(13毫米)。 (b) For beams that are greater than 50 ft [15 000 mm] in length, the variation shall be equal to or less than minus zero / plus 1/2 in. plus 1/8 in. for each 10 ft or fraction thereof [13 mm plus 3 mm for each 3 000 mm or fraction thereof] in excess of 50 ft [15 000 mm] in length. 对于梁大于50英尺(15000毫米)的，偏差应小于等于负零/正1/2 英寸，或超过50英尺(15000 毫米)较多时，每10英尺正1/8英寸(每3000毫米内13毫米到正3毫米)。 For the purpose of inspection, camber shall be measured in the Fabricator’s shop in the unstressed condition. 为了通过检察，应在车间无压情况测量拱度。 Commentary: 注释 There is no known way to inspect beam camber after the beam is received in the field because of factors that include: 制造商收到的梁没有已知的方法在现场检测，原因有以下几点: (a) The release of stresses in members over time and in varying applications; (a) 构件内的压力释放 (b) The effects of the dead weight of the member; 构件固定负重的影响 (c) The restraint caused by the end Connections in the erected state; and, 安装状态下端头连接引起的约束力，和 (d) The effects of additional dead load that may ultimately be intended to be applied, if any. (d)最终可能被使用的附加固定负载的影响，如果有的话。 Therefore, inspection of the Fabricator’s work on beam camber must be done in the fabrication shop in the unstressed condition. 因些，对制造商生产的梁拱度的检测必须在无压情况下的生产车间里进行。 6.4.5. For fabricated trusses that are specified in the Contract Documents with camber, the variation in camber at each specified camber point shall be equal to or less than plus or minus 1/800 of the distance to that point from the nearest point of support. For the purpose of inspection, camber shall be measured in the Fabricator’s shop in the unstressed condition. For fabricated trusses that are specified in the Contract Documents without indication of camber, the foregoing requirements shall be applied at each panel point of the truss with a zero camber ordinate. 6.4.5 如对于桁架的生产，合同方件中有规定有拱度，则起拱点拱度的偏差应小于等于从起拱 点到最近一处支撑点距离的正或负1/800。由于检测的原因，拱度的测量应在车间里在无压的 情况下进行。如果合同文件里没有对制作桁架规定一个拱度，那么上诉要求应使用在每片桁架 的0起拱纵座标处。 Commentary:注释 There is no known way to inspect truss camber after the truss is received in the field because of factors that include: 在收到桁架后没有方法在现场检测桁架的拱度，是因为以下几个原因: (a) The effects of the dead weight of the member; 构件的固定负载的影响 (b) The restraint caused by the truss Connections in the erected state; and, AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 18 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 安装状态的桁架连接引起的约束力，和 (c) The effects of additional dead load that may ultimately be intended to be applied, if any. 最终可能被使用的附加固定负载的影响，如果有的话。 Therefore, inspection of the Fabricator’s work on truss camber must be done in the fabrication shop in the unstressed condition. See Figure C–6.1. 因些，对制造商生产的桁架拱度的检测必须在无压情况下的生产车间里进行。见Figure C–6.1。 6.4.6. When permissible variations in the depths of beams and girders result in abrupt changes in depth at splices, such deviations shall be accounted for as follows:如果每根梁都是在允许公差范 围内，但当数根梁拼接起来后长度却突然改变很多时，应按照以下方法来计算这个偏差值: (a) For splices with bolted joints, the variations in depth shall be taken up with filler plates; and, (a)对于螺栓接头入的接合，深度的偏差应放些填充板，和 (b) For splices with welded joints, the weld profile shall be adjusted to conform to the variations in depth, the required cross-section of weld shall be provided and the slope of the weld surface shall meet the requirements in AWS D1.1. (b)对焊接接头，要调整焊接型材的位置使其满足长度偏差要求，还要提供必须的焊接剖面图 并且焊接表面的斜度应符合AWS D1.1.的要求。 6.5. Shop Cleaning and Painting (see also Section 3.1.6)车间清洗和涂装(同时参见Section 3.1.6) Structural Steel that does not require shop paint shall be cleaned of oil and grease with solvent cleaners, and of dirt and other foreign material by sweeping with a fiber brush or other suitable means. For Structural Steel that is required to be shop painted, the requirements in Sections 6.5.1 through 6.5.4 shall apply.不要求涂装的钢结构应使用溶剂进行清洗除去油脂，使用纤维刷子或 其它适用的方法扫去灰尘和其它杂质。如果钢结构要求进行涂装，则应按照Sections 6.5.1到 6.5.4的要求进行清洗工作。 Commentary注释: AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 19 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Extended exposure of unpainted Structural Steel that has been cleaned for the subsequent application of fire protection materials can be detrimental to the fabricated product. Most levels of cleaning require the removal of all loose mill scale, but permit some amount of tightly adhering mill scale. When a piece of Structural Steel that has been cleaned to an acceptable level is left exposed to a normal environment, moisture can penetrate behind the scale, and some “lifting” of the scale by the oxidation process is to be expected. Cleanup of “lifted” mill scale is not the responsibility of the Fabricator, but is to be assigned by contract requirement to an appropriate contractor. Section 6.5.4 of this Code is not applicable to weathering steel, for which special cleaning specifications are always required in the Contract Documents.对已经完成防火材料涂装前的清洗工作但还未涂装 的钢结构，如果继续长期暴露在外是非常危险的。多数等级的清洗都要求除去表面松散的铁屑， 但是允许表面存在部分牢牢黏附的铁屑。当某个构件已经清洗完毕并且达到了规定的清洁度要 求之后仍然要放置在一般空气中时，空气中的潮气就会渗入到铁屑的下面，而部分可能会由于 氧化作用的关系而脱落。清理这些剥落物不是制作商的责任，但是应该在合同里面规定一个合 适的分包商。本规范的Section 6.5.4部适用于气候钢，因为气候钢需要进行特殊的清洗，而这 些特殊要求在合同里面是明确注明的。 6.5.1. The Fabricator is not responsible for deterioration of the shop coat that may result from exposure to ordinary atmospheric conditions or corrosive conditions that are more severe than ordinary atmospheric conditions.如果车间漆由于暴露在大气中或比大气环境更糟糕的腐蚀环境 中而造成油漆剥落，那么制作商不需要对此负责。 Commentary注释: The shop coat of paint is the prime coat of the protective system. It is intended as protection for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions, and is considered a temporary and provisional coating.车间漆是防腐蚀体系的底漆。这层保护只适用于一般大气条件下的短时间保 护，是一种临时性的暂时性的油漆。 6.5.2. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, the Fabricator shall, as a minimum, hand clean the Structural Steel of loose rust, loose mill scale, dirt and other foreign matter, prior to painting, by means of wire brushing or by other methods elected by the Fabricator, to meet the requirements of SSPC-SP2. If the Fabricator’s workmanship on surface preparation is to be inspected by the Inspector, such inspection shall be performed in a timely manner prior to the application of the shop coat.如果合同文件中没有特别说明，制作商需要，在开始涂装之前至少， 手动清洗掉构件表面的浮锈，酥松的铁屑，灰尘和其它杂质，使用钢丝刷或其它方法，要求达 到SSPC-SP2的要求。如果检查人员要检查制作商的表面处理工艺，这个检查需要在涂装开始 前及时地完成。 Commentary注释: The selection of a paint system is a design decision involving many factors including:油漆体系的选 择是设计工作，涉及的因素包括: (a) The Owner’s preference;业主的喜好 (b) The service life of the structure;结构的服务年限 (c) The severity of environmental exposure;外界环境的严酷程度 (d) The cost of both initial application and future renewals; and,首次涂装和以后翻新的费用，和 (e) The compatibility of the various components that comprise the paint system (surface preparation, shop coat and subsequent coats). 涂装体系各层之间的兼容性(表面处理，车间底漆和覆盖在外 面的漆) AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 20 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Because the inspection of shop painting must be concerned with workmanship at each stage of the operation, the Fabricator provides notice of the schedule of operations and affords the Inspector access to the work site. 由于对车间漆的检查涉及到制作的不同工艺阶段，所以制作商要给检查 人员发出通知并创造条件允许检查人员到现场检查。 Inspection must then be coordinated with that schedule so as to avoid delay of the scheduled operations.接下来的检查必须按照既定的进度来安排，这样才能避免延误发生。 Acceptance of the prepared surface must be made prior to the application of the shop coat because the degree of surface preparation cannot be readily verified after painting. Time delay between surface preparation and the application of the shop coat can result in unacceptable deterioration of a properly prepared surface, necessitating a repetition of surface preparation. This is especially true with blast-cleaned surfaces. Therefore, to avoid potential deterioration of the surface, it is assumed that surface preparation is accepted unless it is inspected and rejected prior to the scheduled application of the shop coat. 表面处理必须在涂装之前完成验收，因为涂装后没办法辨识表面的 实际情况。如果表面处理完成距涂装间隔时间太长，这样涂装的底漆会因为表面状况退化而出 现问题，因而迫使对钢材表面进行重新处理。因此，为了避免这种情况，在实施车间漆之前假 定钢材表面是合格的，除非检查不合格的。 The shop coat in any paint system is designed to maximize the wetting and adherence characteristics of the paint, usually at the expense of its weathering capabilities. Deterioration of the shop coat normally begins immediately after exposure to the elements and worsens as the duration of exposure is extended. Consequently, extended exposure of the shop coat will likely lead to its deterioration and may necessitate repair, possibly including the repetition of surface preparation and shop coat application in limited areas. With the introduction of high-performance paint systems, avoiding delay in the application of the shop coat has become more critical. High-performance paint systems generally require a greater degree of surface preparation, as well as early application of weathering protection for the shop coat.油漆系统中的车间漆应在最大程度上提供湿度和附着力，根据其抗 风化能力而定。车间漆风化一般从构件暴露在空气中就开始了，并且随着暴露时间的增长而愈 加剧烈。因此，长时间将车间漆暴露在外可能需要进行修补，有些区域可能还有必要重新清洗 再上车间漆。如果要使用的是高性能防腐油漆体系，及时施涂底漆就显得尤为重要。一般来说 高性能防腐油漆体系要求的表面处理等级较高，还需要尽快完成对车间漆的防风化处理。 Since the Fabricator does not control the selection of the paint system, the compatibility of the various components of the total paint system, or the length of exposure of the shop coat, the Fabricator cannot guarantee the performance of the shop coat or any other part of the system. Instead, the Fabricator is responsible only for accomplishing the specified surface preparation and for applying the shop coat (or coats) in accordance with the Contract Documents.由于制作商埠需要掌 握选择那种油漆体系，不清楚各油漆层之间的兼容性，也不清楚车间漆的暴露周期，所以制作 商没办法保证车间漆和其它油漆体系的性能。所以，制作商的责任只是要按照合同文件的规定 完成规定的表面处理和涂装即可。 This Section stipulates that the Structural Steel is to be cleaned to meet the requirements in SSPC-SP2. This stipulation is not intended to represent an exclusive cleaning level, but rather the level of surface preparation that will be furnished unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents if the Structural Steel is to be painted.本节规定了钢结构应清洗至SSPC-SP2。这个规 定不是一项唯一的规定，仅仅是当合同文件没有特殊规定的情况下要涂装钢结构所应达到的条 件。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 21 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Further information regarding shop painting is available in A Guide to Shop Painting of Structural Steel, published jointly by SSPC and AISC.更多相关车间漆的信息详见A Guide to Shop Painting of Structural Steel,由SSPC和AISC共同出版的。 6.5.3. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, paint shall be applied by brushing, spraying, rolling, flow coating, dipping or other suitable means, at the election of the Fabricator. When the term “shop coat”, “shop paint” or other equivalent term is used with no paint system specified, the Fabricator’s standard shop paint shall be applied to a minimum dry-film thickness of one mil [25 μm].如果合同没有特殊规定，应使用刷子，喷涂，滚刷，浇涂，浸泡或其它适用的 方式进行涂装，由制作商选择。如果出现“车间漆”或意思一样的字眼但没有规定油漆类型时， 制作商应使用自己平常使用的车间漆进行涂装，干膜厚度至少1/1000寸[25 μm]。 6.5.4. Touch-up of abrasions caused by handling after painting shall be the responsibility of the contractor that performs touch-up in the field or field painting.对磨损区域进行修补工作是现场涂 装和现场修补油漆承包商的职责。 Commentary注释: Touch-up in the field and field painting are not normally part of the Fabricator’s or the Erector’s contract.现场油漆修补和涂装工作一般情况下不是制作商或安装方的工作。 6.6. Marking and Shipping of Materials材料的标识和装船 6.6.1. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, erection marks shall be applied to the Structural Steel members by painting or other suitable means. 如果合同没有其它规定，安装标识 应使用油漆或其它方法标记在钢结构件上。 6.6.2. Bolt assemblies and loose bolts, nuts and washers shall be shipped in separate closed containers according to length and diameter, as applicable. Pins and other small parts and packages of bolts, nuts and washers shall be shipped in boxes, crates, kegs or barrels. A list and description of the material shall appear on the outside of each closed container.螺栓组和分散的螺栓，螺母和垫圈 应根据长度和直径的大小分别装入密封的箱子中，根据实际情况分装。销钉和其它小件以及一 包一包的螺栓，螺母和垫圈应放在箱子里，板条箱，小桶或圆桶里面出货。这些箱子的外面应 贴上一份材料表，里面清晰地列出所装的材料。 Commentary注释: In most cases bolts, nuts and other components in a fastener assembly can be shipped loose in separate containers. However, ASTM F1852/F1852M twistoff-type tension-control bolt assemblies and galvanized ASTM A325, A325M and F1852/F1852M bolt assemblies must be assembled and shipped in the same container according to length and diameter.多数时候紧固安装用螺栓，螺母和 其它构件可以散放在单独的箱子里。但是ASTM F1852/F1852M拧断型压力控制螺栓组合镀锌 的ASTM A325, A325M 以及 F1852/F1852M螺栓组必须根据其长度和直径大小装入同一箱子 里出货。 6.7. Delivery of Materials材料发运 6.7.1. Fabricated Structural Steel shall be delivered in a sequence that will permit efficient and economical fabrication and erection, and that is consistent with requirements in the Contract Documents. If the Owner or Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction wishes to AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 22 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges prescribe or control the sequence of delivery of materials, that entity shall specify the required sequence in the Contract Documents. If the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction contracts separately for delivery and for erection, the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction shall coordinate planning between contractors.完成的钢结构发运顺序应遵循这个原 则:能够经济有效地进行制作和安装。并且这也是和合同要求一致的。如果业主或业主施工代 表因为建设原因而制定或对材料的发货顺序进行掌控，那么应在合同中明确规定详细内容。如 果业主施工代表是专门负责协调运输和安装工作的，那么该业主施工代表应负责各个承包商之 间工作的调解。 6.7.2. Anchor Rods, washers, nuts and other anchorage or grillage materials that are to be built into concrete or masonry shall be shipped so that they will be available when needed. The Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction shall allow the Fabricator sufficient time to fabricate and ship such materials before they are needed.地脚螺杆，垫圈和螺母和其它需要买入混凝土或泥土 中的地基固定和堆砌材料也应及时出货这样需要时才能找得到。业主施工代表应给与制作商足 够的时间以便在需要之前完成制作和运输这些材料。 6.7.3. If any shortage is claimed relative to the quantities of materials that are shown in the shipping statements, the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction or the Erector shall promptly notify the Fabricator so that the claim can be investigated.如果和装船通知相比发现实际有短缺的 现象，业主施工和安装代表应立即通知制作商这样才好展开调查。 Commentary注释: The quantities of material that are shown in the shipping statement are customarily accepted as correct by the Owner’s Designated Representative for Construction, the Fabricator and the Erector.装船通知上所标示的材料数量，通常情况下业主施工代表，制作商和安装方都认为其是准确的。 6.7.4. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract Documents, and subject to the approved Shop and Erection Drawings, the Fabricator shall limit the number of field splices to that consistent with minimum project cost.如果合同没有其它说明，根据核准的车间制作图纸和安装图纸，制作商 应将现场拼接的数量减少至最低，这样工程造价才最少。 Commentary注释: This Section recognizes that the size and weight of Structural Steel assemblies may be limited by shop capabilities, the permissible weight and clearance dimensions of available transportation or job-site conditions.本节内容认为钢结构件的尺寸和重量可能会受工厂生产能力，允许载重合和 运输或现场空间大小的限制。 6.7.5. If material arrives at its destination in damaged condition, the receiving entity shall promptly notify the Fabricator and carrier prior to unloading the material, or promptly upon discovery prior to erection.如果材料抵达目的地时发现有损坏，那么应及时在卸货之前或安装之前发现时通知制 作商和运输方这些受损的构件。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 23 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges Section 8. Quality Assurance 质量保证 8.1. General概述 8.2. Inspection of Mill Material 工厂材料检查 8.3. Non-Destructive Testing无损探伤 8.4. Surface Preparation and Shop Painting Inspection 表面处理及现场油漆检查 8.5. Independent Inspection 独立检查 8.1. General概述 8.1.1. The Fabricator shall maintain a quality assurance program to ensure that the work is performed in accordance with the requirements in this Code, the AISC Specification and the Contract Documents. The Fabricator shall have the option to use the AISC Quality Certification Program to establish and administer the quality assurance program. 制作方持应持有质量保证纲要,保证制作按照这份规范中的要求，AISC规范和合同文件，完成, 制作方有权使用AISC质量认证纲要, 确定和执行质量保证计划. Commentary: 注释 The AISC Quality Certification Program confirms to the construction industry that a certified Structural Steel fabrication shop has the capability by reason of commitment, personnel, organization, experience, procedures, knowledge and equipment to produce fabricated Structural Steel of the required quality for a given category of work. The AISC Quality Certification Program is not intended to involve inspection and/or judgment of product quality on individual projects. Neither is it intended to guarantee the quality of specific fabricated Structural Steel products. AISC安装公司认证计划向建筑行业确认取得证书的结构钢安装公司有能力完成合约工作的， ,知识和设备。AISC安装公司认证计划的意其拥有完成指定质量和工作的人员,机构,经验,程序 图不是针对单个项目的产品质量进行检查或/或判断。同样也不是对指定的钢结构安装质量进 行质量担保。 8.1.2. The Erector shall maintain a quality assurance program to ensure that the work is performed in accordance with the requirements in this Code, the AISC Specification and the Contract Documents. The Erector shall be capable of performing the erection of the Structural Steel, and shall rovide the equipment, personnel and management for the scope, magnitude and required quality of each project. The Erector shall have the option to use the AISC Erector Certification Program to establish and administer the quality assurance program. 制作方应持有质量保证纲要,保证安装按照这份规范中的要求，AISC规范和合同文件完成,制 作。安装方应有操作结构钢安装的能力，还应提供设备，人员和安装范围的管理，每个项目的 数量和要求质量。安装方有权使用AISC安装认证纲要，确立执行质量保证计划。 Commentary:注释 The AISC Erector Certification Program confirms to the construction industry that a certified Structural Steel Erector has the capability by reason of commitment, personnel, organization, experience, procedures, knowledge and equipment to erect fabricated Structural Steel to the required quality for a given category of work. The AISC Erector Certification Program is not intended to involve inspection and/or judgment of product quality on individual projects. Neither is it intended to guarantee the quality of specific erected Structural Steel products. AISC安装公司认证计划向建筑行业确认取得证书的结构钢安装公司有能力完成合约工作的， 其拥有完成指定质量和工作的人员,机构,经验,程序,知识和设备。AISC安装公司认证计划的意 图不是针对单个项目的产品质量进行检查或/或判断。同样也不是对指定的钢结构安装质量进 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 24 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges 行质量担保。 8.1.3. When the Owner requires more extensive quality assurance or independent inspection by qualified personnel, or requires that the Fabricator be certified under the AISC Quality Certification Program and/or requires that the Erector be certified under the AISC Erector Certification Program, this shall be clearly stated in the Contract Documents, including a definition of the scope of such inspection. 当业主要求由有资格的人员更大范围的质量保证或者独立检查的时候，或要求制作方通过 AISC质量认证纲要或要求安装方通过AISC安装认证纲要，这些应在合同文件里面清晰指出， 包括这一检查范围的说明。 8.2. Inspection of Mill Material 轧制材料检查 Certified mill test reports shall constitute sufficient evidence that the mill product satisfies material order requirements. The Fabricator shall make a visual inspection of material that is received from the mill, but need not perform any material tests unless the Owner's Designated Representative for Design specifies in the Contract Documents that additional testing is to be performed at the Owner’s expense. 鉴定的工厂测试报告应有充分的证明，轧制产品满足材料采购要求。制作方应对工厂在领到的 材料进行目视检查，但不需要完成所有材料测试，除了在合同文件的设计详细说明中，业主指 定的样本，业主承担额外测试的费用。 8.3. Non-Destructive Testing 无损探伤 When non-destructive testing is required, the process, extent, technique and standards of acceptance shall be clearly specified in the Contract Documents. 当要求无损探伤时，工序，范围，验收技术和标准应清晰的在合同文件里说明。 8.4. Surface Preparation and Shop Painting Inspection表面处理及现场油漆检查 Inspection of surface preparation and shop painting shall be planned for the acceptance of each operation as the Fabricator completes it. Inspection of the paint system, including material and thickness, shall be made promptly upon completion of the paint application. When wet-film thickness is to be inspected, it shall be measured during the application. 当制作方完成操作的时候，应计划检查表面处理及现场油漆每部分的操作验收。油漆系统检查 包括材料和厚度，应在油漆操作完成的基础上迅速完成检查。检查湿膜厚度时，应在操作过程 中测量。 8.5. Independent Inspection 独立检查 When inspection by personnel other than those of the Fabricator and/or Erector is specified in the Contract Documents, the requirements in Sections 8.5.1 through 8.5.6 shall be met. 当检查工作由除了在合同里面指定的制作方和安装方以外的人员操作时，应参见8.5.1到8.5.6 部分的要求。 8.5.1. The Fabricator and the Erector shall provide the Inspector with access to all places where the work is being performed. A minimum of 24 hours notification shall be given prior to the commencement of work. 制作方和安装方应提供检查人员出入所有检验相关场所，完成所有的检验工作，应在检查工作 开始前最少24小时内给出通知。 8.5.2. Inspection of shop work by the Inspector shall be performed in the Fabricator’s shop to the AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 25 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges fullest extent possible. Such inspections shall be timely, in-sequence and performed in such a manner as will not disrupt fabrication operations and will permit the repair of non-conforming work prior to any required painting while the material is still in-process in the fabrication shop. 检查员的车间工作检查应在制作方可能的最完整范围的车间内完成。为不打断制作的运转，检 查工作应适时有序的完成，当材料在制作车间还在制作中的时候，允许修复不合格操作，在任 何涂料要求之前。 8.5.3. Inspection of field work shall be promptly completed without delaying the progress or correction of the work. 现场工作检查应即时完成，不拖延操作的进程或修正工作。 8.5.4. Rejection of material or workmanship that is not in conformance with the Contract Documents shall be permitted at any time during the progress of the work. However, this provision shall not relieve the Owner or the Inspector of the obligation for timely, in-sequence inspections. 在项目执行过程中，任何与合同文件不一致的材料和工艺将遭到拒收。但这一规定将不免除业 主或检查人员适时有序的检查职责。 8.5.5. The Fabricator, Erector, and Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction shall be informed of deficiencies that are noted by the Inspector promptly after the inspection. Copies of all reports prepared by the Inspector shall be promptly given to the Fabricator, Erector and Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction. The necessary corrective work shall be performed in a timely manner. 检查结束后，检查员应立即通知制作方，安装方和业主分派的设计建筑工程的代表人员，其在 检查中发现的缺陷。检查员还应及时提供所有报告副本，提交给制作方，安装方和业主分派的 设计建筑工程的代表人员。必要的修正工作应及时完成。 8.5.6. The Inspector shall not suggest, direct, or approve the Fabricator or Erector to deviate from the Contract Documents or the approved Shop and Erection Drawings, or approve such deviation, without the written approval of the Owner’s Designated Representatives for Design and Construction. 检查员不应建议，指导，或批准制作方、安装方背离合同文件或核准的车间安装图，或在没有 业主分派的设计建筑工程的代表出面批准之下，批准这一背离。 AISC 303-05 第4、5、6、8章翻译 第 26 页 共 26 页 Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildingsand Bridges