新英达自考英语专科试题2011年4月英语阅读(一)试题

新英达自考英语专科试题2011年4月英语阅读(一)试题 全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试 英语阅读(一)试题 课程代码:00595 I. CAREFUL READING Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each) Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动 员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement (加强) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______. A. to reduce their mental stress B. to point out their shortcomings C. to increase their sense of success D. to make sports more challenging 2. According to the passage, the sport setting is positive for young people in that ______. A. it enables them to find flaws in themselves B. it helps them learn more about school life C. it provides them with valuable experiences D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 3. Many coaches and parents tend to criticize young athletes ______. A. so that they train harder B. believing that too much praise is harmful C. in order to make them remember life lessons D. without realizing that criticism may destroy their self confidence 4. According to the passage, parents and coaches should ______. A. train children to cope with stress B. help children to win every game C. prevent children from repeated failures D. encourage children to enjoy themselves and sports 5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ______. A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout B. to persuade young athletes not to worry about criticism C. to stress the importance of positive reinforcement in sports D. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. Friedrich Dobl, a Yugoslav (南斯拉夫人) working in Germany, was annoyed with traffic jams. At long weekends and holiday times when he wanted to get home quickly, he always found himself moving slowly with hundreds of other cars along the crowded foreign workers' route through Germany and Austria. How easy it all was for police and emergency services! A siren (警报器), a flashing light? And like magic everyone was out of the way. Going home from work one night, he passed a garage. And there in front of him was the answer to his problem. An old ambulance was for sale. The red cross had been removed. But not the flashing light, and the siren. He tried the light. It flashed magnificently. He tried the siren. That too sounded impressive. He bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a dream world of motoring. It began early in the morning, all his luggage in the back of the ambulance and the motorway in Germany looking reasonably clear. Soon, as always, a long line of traffic appeared ahead. He switched on the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars swiftly slowed and pulled off the fast lane. Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own. In record time he crossed the border into Austria. His trick was working. Police even waved him through the confusion caused by an accident. But then the Yugoslav made his bad mistake. Until then he had only stopped for petrol. Now he was driving past a real accident, lights flashing, too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam as he assumed. They stopped him, and after hearing the story of his ride across two countries fined him 12.5 pounds. 6. At long weekends and holiday times Friedrich Dobl used to ______. A. drive home in Germany B. meet other foreign workers C. get caught in terrible traffic jams D. get to the workplace by a quick route 7. The reason why Dobl decided to buy the ambulance was that ______. A. he had always wanted one B. he wanted to sell it at a higher price C. he liked the red cross and the flashing light D. he knew that other cars would make way for an ambulance 8. In what condition was the ambulance he bought? A. It was shabby and untidy. B. The siren worked wonderfully. C. The light did not flash properly. D. The red cross was vaguely seen. 9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found that ______. A. all the cars stopped and made way for him B. the police were busy clearing the way of traffic C. it was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion in Germany D. he could cross the border into Austria in the shortest possible time 10. The most appropriate title for the story would be ______. A. "A Happy Drive!" B. "A Tough Drive!" C. "A Safe Way Home?" D. "A Quick Way Home?" Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The public school system, however, has no such choice, for the jobs must be carried on at the same time. Because we depend heavily upon science and technology for our progress, we must produce specialists in many fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the nation, large numbers of us must be educated to understand, to support, and when necessary, to judge the work of experts. The public school must educate both producers and users of scientific services. In education, there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute to effective thinking and wise judgment. Such a balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any other field. This question of balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves. Similarly, we must have a balance between current and classical knowledge.The attention of the public is continually drawn to the discovery of new knowledge; it should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound, established materials that form the basis of courses for beginners. 11. According to the 1 st paragraph, the task of education is fairly complicated because ______. A. the public school has no choice of what to teach B. it is difficult to choose what to teach in public schools C. the current public school system is too complex to be understood D. the educators have to take care of both ordinary and gifted students 12. Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? A. A democratic nation needs a lot of well-educated citizens. B. We depend much on science and technology for our progress. C. The educators are required to lay emphasis on some particular field. D. Elementary science should be taught on a mass basis in public schools. 13. According to the author, the balance among the branches of knowledge is very necessary because such a balance ______. A. would benefit the growth of gifted students B. would ensure the students' grasp of new knowledge C. involves both the natural sciences and the social sciences D. facilitates the training of effective reasoning and wise decision-making 14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Most people take great interest in classical knowledge. B. Sufficient attention should be given to basic knowledge. C. The discovery of new knowledge is particularly important. D. Classical knowledge is more popular than current knowledge. 15. The passage centers on ______. A. the balance in education B. the importance of education C. the balance between basic and new knowledge D. the balance among different branches of knowledge Passage 4 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. Regular interaction or familiarity seems to increase liking; often, the people we interact with the most are simply those who are closest to us. A classic study by Festinger found that residents of an apartment complex tended to interact with, and like those who happened to live on the same floor more than those who lived on other floors or in other buildings. The researcher did not analyze this phenomenon in terms of the development of in-group versus out-group perceptions and biases, but such an analysis might prove interesting. Likewise, when classroom seating is alphabetical (依字母顺序 的), students are more likely to be friends with people who share the same initial. There are two major explanations for the relation between proximity (接近) and liking. The first is simple availability. If most people are nice and easy enough to approach, it follows that proximity will determine who you get to know and, therefore, like. The second explanation is based on the mere exposure effect, that is, simple familiarity increases liking for a person or object that is not necessarily likeable. The mere exposure effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory with some meaningless syllables, which people find more pleasing after they have repeated them several times. It seems reasonable to conclude that repeated exposure to people in proximity to us leads us to like them more. 16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Liking and Similarity. B. Proximity and Liking. C. Availability and Friendship. D. Interaction and Relationship. 17. According to the passage, the researcher studies the phenomenon on the basis of ______. A. perceptions of membership B. the development of friendship C. in-group versus out-group biases D. the degree of familiarity among people 18. The organizational pattern of the passage can be best described as ______. A. opinion-proof B. problem-solution C. phenomenon-reason D. comparison-contrast 19. The experiment on the meaningless syllables is intended to demonstrate that ______. A. most people are friendly at first sight B. simple familiarity increases liking for a person C. students will definitely become friends in the classroom setting D. irritation with someone at the first meeting usually leads to disliking 20. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______. A. we tend to interact with people closest to us B. teachers like the students seated in the front C. interaction is more likely to happen between neighbors D. we tend to like people who share our attitudes and opinions II. SPEED READING Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each) Passage 5 Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage. Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols are very colorful and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings. 21. All of the following can be used internationally EXCEPT ______. A. spelling B. motions C. sign language D. picture signs 22. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. There are many forms of communication in existence. B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication. C. The deaf and the mute use a verbal form of communication. D. Body language may be equally effective in transmitting ideas or thoughts. 23. Besides oral speech, which form of communication is most commonly used by the blind people? A. Braille. B. Signal flags. C. Body language. D. Gestures. 24. How many forms of communication are mentioned in the third paragraph? A. Seven. B. Six. C. Five. D. Four. 25. Which of the following best summarizes this passage? A. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more quickly. B. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts more accurately. C. Nonlinguistic language is more expressive than verbalization. D. Nonlinguistic language also expresses human thoughts and feelings. Passage 6 Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage. American workers continue to demand shorter and shorter working hours each week. The possibility of a four-day working week is now being seriously considered; some companies are already experimenting with it. Since machines have helped to reduce the time needed for work, at the office, factory, and in the home, men and women have more leisure time today than ever before in the country's history. It is tree that much leisure is used in play. America is a country of sports-of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football. Millions of Americans watch their favorite sport on television, play in community orchestras, make their own films or recordings, go camping, visit museums, attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities. America is a "do-it-yourself" country. The people enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs. They do these things for fun as well as for economy. But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a "self-improvement" country. More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense. Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans also devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities. Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay. 26. Which of the following best reflects the style of the passage? A. Informative. B. Persuasive. C. Entertaining. D. Descriptive. 27. The proposal of a four-day working week in America ______. A. has been accepted B. is unlikely to be accepted C. is under consideration D. has been widely put into practice 28. What makes the reduction of working hours possible? A. Machines have helped to reduce working time. B. Americans have more leisure time than working time. C. A four-day working week has proved to be successful. D. Men and women need more leisure time than ever before. 29. According to the passage, America may NOT be described as ______. A. a country of sports B. a country of film making C. a "do-it-yourself" country D. a "self-improvement" country 30. In addition to the time devoted to personal activities, a great amount of free time is also spent on ______. A. further education B. community services C. making the films and recordings D. watching sports on TV III. DISCOURSE CLOZE The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each) English is now the international language for airline pilots, scientists, medical experts, businessmen and many others. Consequently, more and more people are learning it. The BBC's English teaching programs are broadcast daily to four continents (31) ______. Films and video are on the air or used in institutions in over 100 countries. All this helps to add more speakers to the estimated 100 million (32) ______. The rush to learn English has reached even China. The main reason for the upsurge (上升) in interest is (33) ______. Unlike many other widely used languages, English can be correctly used in a very simple form with less than one thousand words and (34) ______. This was pointed out in the 1920's by two Cambridge scholars, Ogden and Richards, (35) ______. Another reason for the popularity of English is that English-speaking countries are spread throughout the world. An estimated 310 million people in Britain, the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, South Africa, etc. (36) ______. Also in former British colonial areas in Africa and Asia (37) ______, no common language has been found which would make a suitable substitute for English. In Delhi, although nationalists would prefer to phase out (逐步停止) the use of English, the man from South India finds English more acceptable than Hindi, (38) ______. Turning from India to Africa, a similar problem exists. However reluctant African nations are to use English and, as it were, subject themselves to a kind of "cultural imperialism", there seems to be no alternative language which will do the job of communication effectively. The view (39) ______. Some teachers who have returned from overseas consider it creates a wider gap between those who are educated (40) ______. Nevertheless, in many parts of the world, the technical and scientific knowledge needed to develop a country's resources and improve people's living conditions, is just not available in the mother tongue. A second language opens the door to the world-wide sharing of skills and discoveries in science, engineering and medicine. (From English World-wide) A. and supplied to radio stations in 120 countries B. very few grammatical rules C. who use English as a second language D. recent increase in China's contacts with the outside world E. use English as their mother tongue F. who devised a system called "Basic English" G. while the northerner prefers English to any of the southern languages H. where many local languages are spoken I. that spreading the use of English is entirely beneficial has its opponents J. English in one form or another will be spoken by far more people K. and those who have little or no education L. it will doubtless continue to change and develop IV. WORD FORMATIONS Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each ) 41. (increase) His hot temper was making it ______ difficult for others to work with him. 42. (accurate) This information has to be altered if it is ______ or likely to cause damage or distress. 43. (understand) The concept of arranged marriages is badly ______ in the west. 44. (operation) There are ______ advantages in putting sales and admin in the same building. 45. (curious) She decided to call her ex-boyfriend out of ______. 46. (short) Patients were dying because of an acute ______ of nurses. 47. (familiar) The goal of the experiment was to ______ the people with the new laws. 48. (legal) Under French law, it is ______ to import dangerous waste, such as hospital rubbish. 49. (profit) Drug manufacturing is the most ______ business in America. 50. (suspicion) It's a bit ______ that no one knows where he was at the time of the murder. V. GAP FILLING The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each) create attribute different recognize how as develop into expression whom understand of tribal write Five thousand years ago a story which told of the creation of this world in seven days was common among all the people of western Asia. And this was the Jewish version of it. They vaguely (51)______ the making of the land and of the sea and of the trees and the flowers and the birds and of man and woman to their (52)______ gods. But it happened that the Jews were the first among all people to (53)______ the existence of One Single God. Afterwards, when we come to talk of the days of Moses, we shall tell you (54)______ this came about. In the beginning, however, the particular Semitic tribe which later was to (55)______ the Jewish nation, worshipped several divinities, just as all their neighbors had done before them for countless ages. The stories of the creation, however, which we find in the Old Testament, were (56)______ more than a thousand years after the death of Moses, when the idea of One God had been accepted by the Jews (57)______ an absolutely established fact, and when doubt of His Existence meant exile or death. You will now (58)______ how the poet who gave unto the Hebrew people their final version of the beginning of all things, came to describe the gigantic labor of creation as the sudden (59)______ of one single and all-mighty will, and as the work of their own tribal God, (60)______ they called Jehovah, or the Ruler of the High Heavens. And this is how the story was told to worshippers in the temple. (From The Story of the Bible) VI. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The following 2 questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points, 5points each) 61 What is the major finding of the classic study conducted by Festinger? And what does Festinger's study intend to confirm? 62. What are the author's two major explanations for the relation between proximity and liking? VII. TRANSLATION The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraph carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 2 points each) (63) Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. (64) Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys and jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples. (65) Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness and indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being. (66) As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very_ important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. (67) Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". (From Bringing Up Children) 下面红色字体部分是赠送的散文欣赏摘自网络，不需要的朋友下载后可以编辑删除～～～谢谢～～～ 可依靠的唯有自己 这是发生在一个普通犹太人家庭里，父亲和儿子的故事: 儿子叫约翰，在他4岁那年，有一天他和姐姐在客厅玩捉迷藏。他们玩得正高兴，父亲抱起小约翰，把他放在沙发椅上面，然后伸出双手做出接的姿势，叫他往下跳。小约翰毫不犹豫地往下跳，在即将抓住父亲的瞬间，父亲缩回了双手，约翰摔到了地板上，他号啕大哭起来。小约翰向坐在沙发上的妈妈求助，妈妈若无其事地坐着，并不去扶他，只是微笑着说:“呵，好坏的爸爸～”父亲站在一边，以嘲弄的眼光望着上当受骗的小约翰。 这便是犹太家庭教子的方法之一，这样做的目的是灌输给孩子一个理念:社会是复杂的，不要轻信他人，唯一可依赖的就是自己。 犹太家庭的孩子都要回答这样一个问题:“假如有一天房子被烧着了，你将带着什么东西逃跑,”如果孩子回答是钱财，母亲会进一步问:“有一种没有形状、没有颜色、没有气味的宝贝，你知道是什么吗,”如果孩子回答不出来，母亲会告诉他:“孩子，你要带走的不是钱财，而是智慧。因为智慧是任何人都抢不走的，你只要活着，智慧就永远跟着你。” 你对爸爸的爱，远远胜过那部车 一个犹太家庭的父亲，存钱存了很久，终于买了一辆自己向往已久的新车。新车开到家后，他珍爱有加，每天都要洗车打蜡。他5岁的儿子见父亲这么爱车，也常常乐此不疲地帮爸爸一起洗车。 有一天，这位父亲开车回到家后，累得一动也不想动。于是他决定破一次例，改天再洗车，尽管自己的爱车因淋了雨，而显得脏乱不堪。 这时，5岁的儿子见父亲这么累，就自告奋勇地要帮爸爸洗车，见他这么小的年纪，就知道体谅自己，心里甚感欣慰，便放手让儿子去洗。 儿子要动手洗车了，却找不到洗车用的毛巾。于是他走进厨房，立刻便想到母亲平时煮菜洗锅时，都是用钢刷使劲刷才刷干净的，所以既然没有毛巾，就用钢刷吧～他拿起钢刷用力地洗起车来，一遍又一遍，像刷锅一样地刷车。 等他洗完之后，听见“哇”的一声，他失声大哭起来，车子怎么都花了,这下可闯大祸了，他急忙跑去找父亲，边哭边说:“爸爸，对不起，爸爸，你来看～”父亲疑惑地跟着儿子走到车旁，他也“哇”的一声，“我的车，我的车～” 这位父亲怒气冲冲地走进房间，气急败坏地跪在地上祷告:“上帝呀，请你告诉我，我该怎么做,那是我新买的车，一个月不到，就变成这样，我该怎么处罚我的孩子,” 他才祷告完，耳边忽然出现一个声音“世人都是看面，而我却是看内心～”突然间，他彻悟了。 他走出房门，儿子正害怕地流着泪，动也不敢动。 父亲走上前去，把孩子紧紧地拥在怀里，亲切地说:“谢谢你帮爸爸洗车，爸爸对你的爱，远远胜过对那部车子。” 凡事要透过表面去看本质，当家人或朋友无意间做错了某件事时，我们要理智对待，不要只看事情的表面，而忽略他们内心真实的想法。学会用爱心去包容爱心，家会让你感觉自己的周围，时时洋溢温暖的阳光。 小饭馆的生意很好，因为物美价廉，因为他的谦和和妻子的热情。每天早晨，三四点钟他就早早起来去采购，直到天亮才把所需要的蔬菜、鲜肉拉回家。没有雇人手，两个人忙得像陀螺。常常，因为缺乏睡眠，他的眼睛红红的。 不久，一个推着三轮车的老人来到他门前。她驼背，走路一跛一跛的，用手比划着，想为他提供蔬菜和鲜肉，绝对新鲜，价格还便宜。老人是个哑巴，脸上满是灰尘，额角和眼边的几块疤痕让她看上去面目丑陋。妻子不同意，老人的样子，看上去实在不舒服。可他却不顾妻子的反对，答应下来。不知怎的，眼前的老人让他突然想起了母亲。 老人很讲信用，每次应他要求运来的蔬菜果然都是新鲜的。于是，每天早晨六点钟，满满一三轮车的菜准时送到他的饭馆门前。他偶尔也请老人吃碗面，老人吃得很慢，很享受的样子。他心里酸酸的，对老人说，她每天都可以在这儿吃碗面。老人笑了，一跛一跛地走过来。他看着她，不知怎的，又想起了母亲，突然有一种想哭的冲动。 一晃，两年又过去了，他的饭馆成了酒楼，他也有了一笔数目可观的积蓄，买了房子。可为他送菜的，依旧是那个老人。 又过了半个月，突然有一天，他在门前等了很久，却一直等不到老人。时间已经过了一个小时，老人还没有来。他没有她的联系方式，无奈，只好让工人去买菜。两小时后，工人拉回了菜，仔细看看，他心里有了疙瘩，这车菜远远比不上老人送的莱。老人送来的菜全经过精心挑选，几乎没有干叶子，棵棵都清爽。 只是，从那天后，老人再未出现。 春节就要到了，他包着饺子，突然对妻子说想给老人送去一碗，顺便看看她发生了什么事。怎么一个星期都没有送菜,这可是从没有过的事。妻子点头。 煮了饺子，他拎着，反复打听一个跛脚的送菜老人，终于在离他酒楼两个街道的胡同里，打听到她了。 他敲了半天门，无人应答。门虚掩着，他顺手推开。昏暗狭小的屋子里，老人在床上躺着，骨瘦如柴。老人看到他，诧异地睁大眼，想坐起来，却无能为力。他把饺子放到床边，问老人是不是病了。老人张张嘴，想说什么，却没说出来。他坐下来，打量这间小屋子，突然，墙上的几张照片让他吃惊地张大嘴巴。竟然是他和妈妈的合影～他5岁时，10岁时，17岁时……墙角，一只用旧布包着的包袱，包袱皮上，绣着一朵梅花。他转过头，呆呆地看着老人，问她是谁。老人怔怔地，突然脱口而出:儿啊。 他彻底惊呆了～眼前的老人，不是哑巴,为他送了两年菜的老人，是他的母亲, 那沙哑的声音分明如此熟悉，不是他母亲又能是谁,他呆愣愣地，突然上前，一把抱住母亲，号啕痛哭，母子俩的眼泪沾到了一起。 不知哭了多久，他先抬起头，哽咽着说看到了母亲的坟，以为她去世了，所以才离开家。母亲擦擦眼泪，说是她让邻居这么做的。她做工的爆竹厂发生爆炸，她侥幸活下来，却毁了容，瘸了腿。看看自己的模样，想想儿子进过监狱，家里又穷，以后他一定连媳妇都娶不上。为了不拖累他，她想出了这个主意，说自己去世，让他远走他乡，在异地生根，娶妻生子。得知他离开了家乡，她回到村子。辗转打听，才知道他来到了这个城市。她以捡破烂为生，寻找他四年，终于在这家小饭馆里找到他。她欣喜若狂，看着儿子忙碌，她又感到心痛。为了每天见到儿子，帮他减轻负担，她开始替他买菜，一买就是两年。可现在，她的腿脚不利索，下不了床了，所以，再不能为他送菜。 这种信任和理解真的很重要。 这个故事对于众多家长来说有很强的的启迪和警示作用:“你到底爱的是孩子，还是孩子努力的结果,如果是后者，那说明你不会爱～”亦或是“你到底是爱自己的孩子，还是爱那个你心目中的孩子,如果是后者，那说明你不会爱～”，往往，在和孩子互动过程中，我们关注自己的感受，关注孩子是否改错，关注孩子是否优秀，而我们忽略了关注孩子本身，这些都是打着爱的旗号伤害着孩子，但我们往往认为这就是爱。请牢记，孩子本身最重要～ 让孩子去开辟自己的天空 《一个犹太人的家庭教育》讲的是一个伟大的犹太母亲把三个孩子培养成才的理念和方法。这位母亲生在上海，父亲是犹太人，在她12岁那年去世了，随后母亲也离她而去，她成了孤儿。长大后在上海铜厂做女工，结婚后生下三个孩子，但不久后丈夫又离她而去了。为了逃避痛苦，她成为中以建交后第一批回到以色列的犹太后裔。 为了生存，也为了三个孩子能早日回到以色列，她先发奋学习希伯来语，然后，在路边摆了个小摊卖春卷。以色列的官方货币是谢克尔，一谢克尔兑换人民币2块钱，更小的币值是雅戈洛，一谢克尔等于100雅戈洛。她的春卷小摊每天只能赚到十来个谢克尔…… 1993年，她接回了三个孩子，大儿子14岁，二儿子13岁，小女儿11岁。开始她一直秉承再苦不能苦孩子的原则，依旧做着合格的中国式妈妈。把孩子送去学校读书，她卖春卷，孩子放学，她就停止营业，在小炉子上面给他们做馄饨或者面条。这一幕被邻居看到了，就来训斥大儿子:“你已经是大孩子了，你应该学会去帮助你的母亲，而不是看着你母亲忙碌，自己就像废物一样。”然后转过头训斥母亲:“不要把那种落后的中国式教育带到以色列来……” 大儿子和她都很难受，但他们都在慢慢地改变，大儿子不但学会了做春卷，还把春卷带到学校卖，每天，三个小孩子能赚到10个谢克尔，回家交给母亲。母亲觉得很心酸，让他们小小年纪就担起生活的担子，但犹太人不这么认为，在犹太家庭里，孩子们没有免费的食物和照顾，任何东西都是有价格的，每个孩子都必须学会赚钱，才能获得自己需要的一切。 于是妈妈不再提供免费的餐食和服务，同时也给他们赚钱的机会，以每个春卷30雅戈洛的价钱批发给他们，带到学校后，可自行加价出售，利润部分自由支配。 三个孩子卖春卷的方式竟然截然不同。小女儿最老实，按老价钱50雅戈洛一个零售;二儿子则以40雅戈洛的价钱批发给学校餐厅，每天让他送100个春卷;大儿子则举办了一个“带你走进中国”的讲座，讲座的噱头就在于可以免费品尝美味的中国春卷，但需要买入场券，每人10雅戈洛，结果收入1500雅戈洛。 随后他们琢磨出了更多更新颖的赚钱方法，他们很努力地去学习和思考，学业并没有受到任何影响。 同样作为父母，是不是应该引起我们的反思,我们每天一睁开眼睛就为了孩子忙活，做饭、洗衣服、接送、辅导作业，然后才是做自己的事情，每天忙的团团转，累得筋疲力尽。一发牢骚，孩子还会心生厌烦，根本不理解我的付出。再回头看看，每一位中国母亲不都是这样吗,这样我们就很伟大吗,我们付出了很多，却造就了一个又一个“小皇帝”、“小公主”…… 我们希望孩子成才，却又过度的保护他们，使得孩子变得无能无法自立;过分的溺爱，带来孩子的无情;过多的干涉，让孩子多了很多无奈;过多的指责，让孩子变得不知所措，找不到前进的方向…… 想要为孩子创造一个无忧无虑，快乐成长的天空，但却发现自己完完全全的占据了创造者的位置，其实，这个位置也要有一部分让孩子承担。现在的照顾，也许会暂时保护着他们，但是他们总有一天会长大，会在长大后遇到许许多多的困难，那个时候，我们是如何也帮不了他们的……也许，让孩子过早的面对金钱面对名利面对社会，会有不舍和心疼，但他们总有一天要面对，总有一天要承担。 我们为何不像那位犹太母亲那样，放开手，让孩子自己去开辟属于他们自己的天空呢,