Unit 3 A good heart to lean on(课堂PPT)

UNIT3AGoodHearttoLeanonWhatdoyouthinkisa“goodheart”?Whenwearefacewithaproblemthatweareunabletosolve,asimpleactofkindnessfromastrangermayprovideasolution,liftourspirits,andevenchangeourlives.Further,theiractionsmaygiveusanexampletofollowinourownlives.Evenwhenfacingpersonalproblemsofourown,weneedtochoosetomakeotherpeople’slivesbetterwithourcourage,imagination,andgenerosity.Weshouldliveourdailyliveswiththegoalofhelpingothers,andprovidesupportwithoutthinkingofourgains.Ifweliveourlivesinthisway,wewillfindthesatisfactionandpurposethatweseek.Warm-upactivityThegoodlifeisoneinspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge.--Russell美好的人生是由爱所激励由知识所引导的生活。--罗素Questions:1.Howdidthewriterfeeltobeseenwithhisfatherwhenhewasyoung?Why?2.Whatdidthefatheralwayssaywhenhestartedoutwithhisson?EmbarrassedHisfatherwasseverelycrippled.setthepace,adjusttoTextunderstandingQuestions3.Whycangoingtoworkbeamatterofpride?4.Howdidthefathergotoworkwhentheweatherwasverybad?subway,despitenastyweather,sick,makeit,otherscouldnotwagon,clingto,tunnel,basementTextunderstandingMainIdeaInthistext,thewriterdescribeshisfarther.Hetellssomeofhisfather’sdailybehaviorandtheimportantthinghehaslearnedfromhisfather.Questions:5.Wheredidthefatherwork?InanofficebuildingontopofasubwaystationinManhattan.Textunderstanding6.Whatistheproperstandardtojudgepeoplebyaccordingtothewriternowthatheisgrownup?7.Whatactivitiesdidthefathermanagetotakepartin?8.Howdoesthewriterfeelabouthisfathernowafterhisfather’sdeath?PartI(Para.1-5)Thesonwasembarrassedtobeseenwalkingwithhiscrippledfather,butthefathersubjectedhimselftotheshameandstresswithoutbitternessandcomplaint.Narrationinterspersedwithcomments(夹叙夹议)Mainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?PartIIPartIIIPartIVTextunderstandingNarration:(Para.1-4)Thefather,severelycrippledandshort,hadtoputhishandontheson’sarmforbalancewhenhewalkedoutortobepulledonachild’swagonwithsteelrunnersthroughthestreetsofBrooklyntothesubwayentranceandthenpulledbackhomewhenhisworkdaywasover.Comments:(Para.5)Iamamazedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenforagrownmantosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstress…withoutbitternessandcomplaint.TextunderstandingPara.6-76.Whatisaproperstandardtojudgepeople?Whatdoyouthinkisagoodheart?agoodheartTextunderstandingPartII(Para.6-7)Thesonnowrealizesthathisfathertreatedotherswithagoodheart.Narrationinterspersedwithcomment(夹叙夹议).Para.6：NarrationPara.7：CommentMainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?PartIPartIIIPartIVTextunderstandingPara.8Example1:Example2:Ageneralpoint:Myfathertriedtoparticipateinmanyactivitiesinsomeway.keeptheteamgoingasamanagerliketogotodancesandpartiesTextunderstandingPara.11Example3:Ageneralpoint:Inowknowheparticipatedinsomethingsthroughme,hisonlyson.Example1:Example2:visitedhisofficeplayedballjoinedtheNavyTextunderstandingPartIII(Para.8-11)Thefather’sattempttoexperiencethingsdirectlyandindirectlyMainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?Exemplification(举例法)Generalstatement:St.1ofPara.8Examples:Para.8—11PartIVPartIIPartITextunderstandingPara.12-13Whydoesthewriteroftenthinkofhisfather,nowthathisfatherhasbeendeadforsomanyyears?sorry,unworthy,regretted,trifles,fortune,agoodheartTextunderstandingPartIV(Para.12-13)Thefatherhasgonemanyyears,butthesonfeelsregretforhisreluctanceandreliesmuchmoreonhisfatherforhisbalanceofmind.Mainidea?Devicesfordevelopingit?Inductionthroughintrospection(自省式归纳法）RhetoricaltechniquesPartIIIPartIIPartITextunderstandingEuphemism（委婉）:Myfatherhasbeengoneformanyyearsnow(line45).(“hasbeengone”isusedheretoreplace“hasbeendead”)Parallelism（平行结构）:IamsorryInevertoldhimhowsorryIwas,howunworthyIwas,howIregrettedit.(L.46)IthinkofhimwhenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother’sgoodfortune,whenIdon’thavea“goodheart”(L.47)Repetition:“Yousetthepace,Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.”(L51)(Therepetitionheregivesthereaderasenseofcontrast)Textunderstanding如果他注意到这些或因此感到不安，他从不表露出来。1.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,heneverleton.(L3)Ifheatanytimenoticedorfelttroubledbythis,hewouldneverletanyoneseeorknowhowhefelt.Ever:a.常用于否定句、疑问句和表示条件的从句：从来b.用于表示比较的从句中：曾经c.用于特殊疑问句：究竟；到底；用任何方式Itisrainingharderthanever.Nothingevermakeshimangry.Whoevercanitbe?bacGrammar2.NowthatIamolder,Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople...(L26)howtodo;whattobuy;wheretogo;whentobegin现在我长大成人，开始相信这正是判断一个人的恰如其分的,……whichtojudge:疑问词+不定式e.g.我真不知道该说什么。Ireallydon’tknowwhattosay.More:GrammarTipsfortranslatinglongsentences长句:（1）修饰语多（2）并列成分多（3）语言结构层次多1.找出全句的主、谓、宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。2.找出句中所有的非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。Translation3.分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。4.分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。5.注意插入语等其他成分。6.注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。TranslationOncethere,①hewouldclingtohand-rail②untilhereachedthelowersteps③thatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeofice.(L15)①hewouldclingtohand-rail②untilhereachedthelowersteps他就紧抓着地铁通道口的扶手/一直往下走/因为地铁空气暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。③thatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeoficeTranslationWhenIthinkofitnow,Ifeelgreatlysurprisedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenformyfathertoexperiencesuchshameandstress.(L20)Normally,whenyouclipthemodifiers(修饰语),youwillseethekeyidea.Amodifiercanbeaclause,prepositionalphrase,adverbialphrase,indefinitephraseetc.e.g.Ifeelgreatlysurprised.(thekeyidea)keyidea:Translation现在回想起来，我感到十分惊叹。想他那样一个成年人，得有多大的勇气才能经受这样的屈辱和压力。Normally,awriterstartswithageneralpointandthenpresentsanumberofexamplestosupporthispoint.GeneralSpecific(Exemplification)AwritingskillAnalyzethefollowingparagraph:WritingLivingbytheseahasmanyadvantages.Theyincludeamilder,lessextremeclimate;accesstoawidevarietyoffishandshellfish;ageneralpointexample1example2example3andaneasymeansoftransportandcommunication,bothinlandviarivers,andalongthecoastinshelteredwaters.Thesefactorshavemeantthatmostcoastalsitesweredevelopedearlyinhumanhistory.WritingAgeneralpoint:livingbytheseahasmanyadvantagesexample1:lessextremeclimateexample3:easymeansoftransportandcommunicationexample2:accesstoawidevarietyoffishandshellfishWritingTrytowriteyourownparagraph,whichstartswithageneralpointwithsomeexamplestosupportit.Mymum/dadismyhero(atleast120words)II.YourTaskWritingIII.TipsforWriting1.Decidethetopic.2.Writecorrectlythetopicsentence.3.Turnthetopicsentenceintoaquestion.4.Giveanswerstothequestion.WritingTipsHeispersistent.Oncehesetsagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.(muscular,manly,persistent,brave,diligent,liberal,generous,strong-willed,mild,gentle,kind,solemn,able,intelligent,talented,earnest,frank,honest,competent,eloquent,humorous,insightful,capable,sincere)Self-studywiththehelpofthewebsiteandthe.FinishEx.VII,VIIIandIXonline.Submittheresult.Deadline:Wed.9p.m.AssignmentsLeanVi.1)beagainstawallorothersurfaceE.g.Shewasleaningagainstatreeinthepark,readingabook.2)bendinacertaindirectionTheLeaningTowerofPisa比萨斜塔Leanon:dependonTheyalwaysleanonuswhentheyareintrouble.Theministerleanedonhisadvisersforinformationandadvice.这位部长依靠他的顾问提供信息和建议。BalanceNoun.1)精神或心理平静e.g.Herfriend’sdeathdisturbedthebalanceofhismind.2)平衡感e.g.Ridingabikehelpsdevelopachild’ssenseofbalance.Verb.1)保持平衡Heisbalancingacuponhishead.2)使…保持平衡Youshouldbalancetheadvantagesoftelecommutingagainstitsdisadvantagesbeforeyoudecidetoworkathome.在决定留在家里工作之前，你得权衡在家里远程工作的利弊。CrippleVerb.Thecarcrashhimforlife.那次车祸使他终生残废。Noun.Youmusttakegoodcareofher.Afterall,sheisaseverecripple.重残者Attention:Atonetime,itmighthavebeenacceptabletocallapersona“cripple”ifinjuriesordeformitieskepthimfromwalkingproperly,itisnolongerso.Handicappedperson/disabledperson/specially-ableperson/handi-capableperson.GrammarIwouldinwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention.Itriedtoovercomemyfeelingsofembarrassmentcausedbypeoplewhowatchedus.struggleagainst[with]difficulties与困难作斗争struggleforpower争夺权力struggleforaliving为生活而挣扎如果他注意到这些或因此感到不安，他从不表露出来。1.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,heneverleton.(L3)Ifheatanytimenoticedorfelttroubledbythis,hewouldneverletanyoneseeorknowhowhefelt.Ever:a.常用于否定句、疑问句和表示条件的从句：从来b.用于表示比较的从句中：曾经c.用于特殊疑问句：究竟；到底；用任何方式Itisrainingharderthanever.Nothingevermakeshimangry.Whoevercanitbe?bacGrammarCoordinateVt.Tocausedifferentpartstoworktogetherverywell.e.g.wemustcoordinateoureffortstohelppeopleaffectedbytheflood.我们必须齐心协力去帮助受洪灾的灾民。Noun.coordinationHaltVerb.stope.g.Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestohalttheriseinhousingprices.Noun.e.g.Productionwasbroughttoahaltbythestrike.生产因罢工而停顿下来。AdjustVerb.(to)becomeormakesuited(tonewconditions)Haveyouadjustedyourselftoyourcollegelifenow?Hewenttoworksick.Hewenttoworkevenwhenhewasill.Forexample:Hewenttobedhungrylastnight.昨晚他饥肠辘辘地上床睡觉了。Hecamehomedrunk.他醉醺醺地回家了。Thetomatoesshouldbepickedred.西红柿应该在红的时候摘。Makeittotheoffice…1)managetoarriveontimeWe’llhavetohurryifwewanttomakeittothesupermarketbeforeitcloses.2)besuccessfulatsomethingYearslater,hemadeittoafamousuniversity.几年以后，他成功考上了一所名校。Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail…Once(hewas)there,hewouldclingtothehandrail…E.g.Once(theyare)inbed,thechildrenusuallygotosleepveryquickly.Once(itis)damaged,ittakesmanyyearsfortheenvironmenttorecover.Cling紧紧抓住坚定信念；坚信e.g.Shestillclingstotheideathatshewillsucceedsomeday.subjectVt.Causetoexperiencesomethingunpleasant使…经受…E.g.Thescientistssubjectedtheproducttoanumberofseveretests.科学家对这种产品进行了数次严格测试。Passivevoice?2.NowthatIamolder,Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople...(L26)howtodo;whattobuy;wheretogo;whentobegin现在我长大成人，开始相信这正是判断一个人的恰如其分的标准,……whichtojudge:疑问词+不定式e.g.我真不知道该说什么。Ireallydon’tknowwhattosay.More:GrammarEngage参加Theprofessorengageshimselfinresearchdayandnight.2)雇佣Ihaveengagedhimtodoroutinework.3)吸引…注意力Iliketoplaygamesthatengagemymindandkeepmybrainactive.TakeadiveAgreetoloseafightorgamehonestly,especiallyaboxingmatchItmeans“pretenddefeat”inthissentence.Seetoitthat…MakesurethatsomethingisdoneFathersawtoitthatmuchofmysparetimewasnotwasted.See(toit)thatyouwon’tbelateanymore.Yousetthepace,Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.Yousetanexampletome,Iwilltrytofollowyou.Youhelpmetokeepmymindbalance.