中考
复习不定代词和不定副词的用法
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中考英语复习不定代词和不定副词的用法总结
语法:
1(不定代词和不定副词的用法总结
A. 不定代词的用法总结
英语中,不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。一般有以下几组:
1) some, any, no
2) somebody, anybody, nobody
someone, anyone, no one (注意不要连写)
something, anything, nothing
3) one, none
4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both 5) everybody, everyone, everything
6) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 1) some, any, no的用法
a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个;一些;部分”,多用于肯定句里表示肯定的意思;而any表示“一些;什么;任何;”,对用于否定句或疑问句中表示否定或疑问的意思。如:
* He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问
。)
* Some of us don’t like the music in this movie.
(我们当中的一些人不喜欢这部电影里的音乐。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office? (这个邮局里有邮票吗,)
* I didn’t have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some.
(我没有香烟了,所以出去买了一些。)
b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。如:
* I could not answer some of his questions.
(我不能回答他的某些问题。)
(some用在否定句中表示“一些;部分”。如果说成:I could not answer any of his
questions.意思就变了,它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”)
* Will you get me some apples on your way back?
(在你回来的路上可以给我带一些苹果吗,) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”)
* Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”)
* “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.”
(“你想喝什么,”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”)
c. no在句子中作定语,表示否定,意思是“没有;不是”,它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。如:
* There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。)
* I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some?
(我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗,)
2) 复合不定代词的用法
a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是:
someone anyone no one
somebody anybody nobody
something anything nothing
这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。 b. 因为some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于否定句或疑问句,no表示完全否定,因此由some, any, no与-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。
* Did you meet anyone on your way home? (在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗,)
* I am sure someone will come to help us. (我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。)
* I am a stranger. I know nobody here. (我是一个陌生人,我不认识这里的任何人。)
c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人,它们的形式是单数形式,但有时可以用they或them指代。如:
* There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking?
(你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗,) (them指代someone)
* No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose.
(那时,没有一个人比Rose对我更好。)
d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如:
* There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it.
* Why don’t you say something to me?
* He looked at me and didn’t say anything.
* Nothing can be done to save her life.
e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰,形容词必须后置。如:
* Somebody important has arrived, I’m sure.
(important修饰somebody)
* Is there anything interesting on TV tonight?
(interesting修饰anything)
3) one和none的用法
none的用法我们已经在前面几讲中提过,这里就不详细说了。
不定代词one指代可数名词的单数,即可以指人,也可以指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如:
* He is not the one who is easily cheated.
(one指人)
* I’ve made some cakes. Would you like one of them? (one指物)
* I prefer red roses to white ones.
(ones指物)
* Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago? (ones指人)
4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both
a. every只有形容词的性质,在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个;各个”,还可以表示“一切”。如:
* After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone.
* Every time I ring you up, your mother answers it. * I shall do my best to help you in every way. (我将尽用一切办法帮助你。)
every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词,即:everyone, everything,
everybody。其中,everyone和everybody用于指人,意思一样,都是“每人;大家”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物,意思是“每件事;一切”,形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如:
* One can’t have everything.
* Everything goes well with me.
* The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else.
注意:在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every one是一个词组,前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句:
* Everyone will be here except Patrick.
(everyone 指人)
* Every one of the children will get a gift.
(every one也指人)
*We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one.
(every one指物)
b. each的意思是“每个;各自的”,可以指人,也可以指物。如:
* I leave home at 7 a.m. each day.
* On each floor there are about twenty classrooms.
* Each of them has received a letter.
由于each和every的意思相近,都表示“每一个”,因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个,而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个;every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别;every只能作形容词放于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如:
(每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以)
*You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street.
(因为街道只有两边因此不能用every)
(在操场的每一边都有许多学生。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以)
*Each has too coats.
(each是代词不能换用every)
c. other可以指人也可以指物,表示“另外的人或事物”,其后可以接单数或复数的名词;此
外,other也有复数形式,是others。如:
* He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
*Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate.
*We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first.
d. another的意思是“另一个;再一个;又一个”,通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词,泛指“不
定数目中的另一个”。如:
* They went into another room but still didn’t see anyone.
* Would you like to try another kind of drink?
* I don't like this hat; please show me another.
注意:other和another都有“另外的”意思,要注意它们的区别。首先一般来说,两者中的
“另一个”是the other,不定数目中的“另一个”是another。如:
* She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.
(这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other)
* This cup is broken. Get me another, please.
其次,other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单数名词。如:
* He has other brothers.
* Where is the other shoe?
* I am not very well today. Tell them I will go and see them another day.
第三,other有复数形式,泛指别人时通常不加冠词;而在表示其他的人时常常要加定冠词;而another没有复数形式。如:
* Some went to the People’s Park, others visited the zoo.
* Could you tell the others that I’ll be late? 5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of
这些词都可以用来表示数量,但它们的用法也应当注意。
a. many和much
这两个词都表示“许多;大量”,它们的比较级和最高级是more和most。它们的不同在于:many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数,much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。如:
* I am not sure whether many people will come to the party.
* “Do you any books on English grammar?” “Yes, but not many.”
(这里的many指代上文的books)
* Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well.
(time是不可数名词,因此用much)
* He didn’t have much for dinner because he felt sick.
(所吃的东西是不可数的因此用much指代) b. (a) few和 (a) little
a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组,它们具有名词和形容词的性质,它们的意思是“少数;少量”,都表示肯定的意思。它们的不同点是:a few指代或修饰可数名词的复数,a little指代或修饰不可数名词。如:
* Only a few of the children in this village can read.
(因为children是可数名词的复数因此用a few)
* “How many pieces do you want?” “Just a few please.”
(这里的a few指代上文的pieces。)
* There was a little rain just now and the air is fresh now.
(rain是不可数名词因此要用a little)
* I have done only a little for you.
(这里的a little指代所做的事情是不可数名词)
few和little表示否定,意思是“几乎一点没有”,相当于not „ many或not „ much。
和a few和a little一样,few指代或修饰可数名词的复数而little指代或修饰不可数名词指代或修饰不可数名词。如:
* Few visitors enjoyed the trip to London.
(few修饰的是可数名词visitors)
* A lot of guests were invited but few came.
(few指代上文的guests)
* He did little homework that afternoon.
(few修饰不可数名词homework)
* There is little to be done about it. (关于这件事没有什么可做的了。) (little指代索要做的事情)
few的比较级和最高级是:fewer,fewest;little的比较级和最高级是:less,least。
c. a lot of和lots of
这两个词组的意思都是“大量的;许多的”,后面既修饰能可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词,可以代
替many和much使用。如:
(许多人站在那里观看篮球比赛。)
a lot可以于动词之后作状语。如:
* Thanks a lot. (非常感谢。)
* “Do you have any English books?” “Sorry, I don't, but there are a lot in
the school
library.”
(“你有什么英语
吗,”“对不起,我没有。但是学校图书馆里有很多。”)
* Smoking a lot is bad for your health.
(抽太多的烟对健康有害。)
三、练习
I. 单项填空
1. --Which would you like to drink, tea or coffee?
--________, thanks. I’m not thirsty.
A. Either B. Neither C. Little D. Few 2. The students are doing some cleaning. Some are sweeping the floor, ________ are
cleaning the desks and chairs.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others 3. My parents are ________ doctors.
A. both B. all C. either D. neither 4. There is ________ with my computer. I can’t work on.
A. wrong anything B. anything wrong
C. wrong something D. something wrong
B, D, A, D
5. The wind was blowing strongly. ________ people walked in the street.
A. Little B. A little C. Few D. A few
6. Hurry up. There is ________ time left.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few C, B.