专题复习资料(二)
代 词
讲前练习:
1.(2007 重庆)---Mum, I want to ask grandpa a question.
---Oh. ______ is reading a newspaper upstairs.
A. He
B. Him
C. His
D. Himself
2.(2006 重庆)---Is this your son’s sweater?
---No. ______ is on the chair behind the desk.
A. He
B. Him
C. She
D. His
3.(2008 吉林)The two girls are your new classmates. Help______, please.
A. them
B. they
C. their
D. theirs
4.(2007 兰州)Most people find ______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
5.(2007 重庆)---Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or the movie sstar Liu Dehua?
---______. I’m not their fan.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. All
6.(2008 山东)My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy______ for him.
A. it
B. that
C. the one
D. one
7.(2008 宁波)I guess Tom and his sister Celia enjoyed______at the party.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
D. themselves
8.(2008 宁夏)Though my answer is different from ______, I still think ______ is right.
A. their, my
B. their, mine
C. theirs, mine
D. theirs, my
9.(2008 天津)---Is______ here?
---No, John and Bob have asked for leave.
A. nobody
B. anybody
C. somebody
D. everybody
10.(2008 哈尔滨)---Believe yourself. You are better than______. You’re the best. Wish you success!
A. anyone else
B. someone else C. else anyone
11.(2008 安徽)A lot of story books are on sale, but_____ good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
一. 人称代词与物主代词:
1. 人称代词与物主代词的各种形式:
单
数
主 格
宾 格
形容物代
名词物代
第一人称
I
me
my
mine
第二人称
you
you
your
yours
第三人称
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
its
复
数
一人称
we
us
our
ours
二人称
you
you
your
yours
三人称
they
them
their
theirs
2. 人称代词与物主代词的用法:
(1) 人称代词的主格在句中作主语。He ofen goes home by bus.
(2) 人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语,还可作
语使用。如:
______love our country. ( We ,US )
She is a good student.
I don’t know him.
His mother is waiting for them outside.
---Who’s it ? --- It’s_______. ( I , me )
★人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时,他们的顺序是:
单数形式 ( 2,3,1 ) you , he and I ; 复数形式 ( 1,2,3 ) we ,you and they
(3) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用; 名词词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提到的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
Who is your uncle?
--- This is my dictionary. Where is________ ? (you r , yours )
----It’s over there, on the bed.
---Tom, is this your pen? ---Yes, it’s ______. (yours, his, mine, my)
★(4) 名词词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”,表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如: He is a friend of mine.
二. 反身代词
1、反身代词的单复数形式列表如下:
人称 数
单数
复数
第一人称
myself 我自己
ourselves 我们自己
第二人称
yourself 你自己
yourselves 你们自己
第三人称
himself 他自己
herself 她自己
itself 它自己
他们自己
themselves 她们自己
它们自己
2、反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中。如:
teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself自学
enjoy oneself 过得愉快,玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃
hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自
3、反身代词表示动作回到主语本身,所以它应与动作发出者保持人称一致。如:
The little boy is too young to look after _________.
I hope you can enjoy yourself / yourselves at the party.
The children made the plane _______ .
三. 指示代词
1. 指示代词列表如下:
单数
this that
复数
these those
2. 指示代词的用法
(1) this /these 近指或者指下文要提到的事,that / those 远指或者指前面刚刚提过的事。如:
Please remember this:No pain,no gains.
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
(2) 打电话时用 this 介绍自己,用that 询问对方。如
This is Mike speaking. Who is that?我是迈克。你是谁?
★(3)在表示比较的句子中,that指代单数的人或物,those指代复数的人或物;
The books on the table are newer than those in my schoolbag。
四. 疑问代词
疑问代词
主要用法
who
主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后)
whom
who 的宾格形式,作宾语
whose
who 的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语、定语
what / who
what 询问某人的职业
who 询问某人的身份 、姓名
what / which
what 指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些;什么”,没有一定范围的限定
which “哪一个”,在一定范围内特指的人或物
1. Who wants to go with me ?
2. _______ are you talking to ?
3. To_______ are you talking ?
4. ---What is your father ? ---He is a worker.
5. Which do you perfer, spring or summer?
6. _______ book is this ?
7. What would you like ?
五.不定代词
1、复合不定代词
(1)初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下:
somebody (某人)
anybody (某人/任何人)
nobody (没有人)
everybody (每人)
someone (某人)
anyone (某人/任何人)
no one (没有人)
everyone (每人)
something (某事)
anything (某人/任何事)
nothing (没有东西)
ecerything (每一件事)
如Do you have anything special to tell me today ?
今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗?
Listen to me boys and girls. I have something to tell you .
同学们,听我说, 我有一些事情要告诉你们。
--- Is there______ in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗? ---No, there is _______ . 没有,什么也没有。
(2) 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something ,everything , everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。如:
Xiaoming,I have _______ to tell you. 小明,我有一些重要的事情要告诉你
Can you find anyone else ? 你能再找一个人吗 ?
★(3) 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everbody ,nobody ,anyone等时,其反意疑问句的主语常用代词they;当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everthing ,anything ,something ,nothing等时,其反意疑问句的主语常用代词 it。如:
Everybody is here ,aren’t they ?
Everything is ready , isn’t it ?
★(4)everyone的意思等同与everbody,只能指人;every one 既可指人也可指物,还可以和of短语连用。如:
I’d like _______ to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
Every one likes Mary. 人人都喜欢玛丽。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保
2、普通不定代词
(1)初中阶段常用普通不定代词列表如下:
some any
few little
none
one
other
mny much
either neither
each every
both all
(2)普通不定代词的用法
1)some与 any
some和any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。 如:
There aren’t any students in the classroom .
Look ! Some boys are playing football .
---Would you like _______ coffee ? --- Yes , please .
2) many 与 much
many 修饰可数名词复数, 还可以与表示程度的副词so , too , as , how连用。much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, how连用。如:
How many bottles of water do you need ?
He has too much homework to do .
There are too _______ mistakes in your exercises .
He never eats so much breakfast .
3)either, neither与both
either指两个之中的其中一个,neither指两个人或物中一个也不,常构成固定搭配either/ neither of +名词(代词)的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数);当either---- or 和neither---nor--,连接两个主语时,谓语动词应离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致;both表示“两者都”常与and连用。如:
Neither of the books is good .
Either you or I_______ going to America .
Neither you nor he is wrong .
Both she and I are students .
4) none与all
none指三者或三者以上中没有一个, all指三者或三者以上都,它们常与of 连用。如:
I tried several jackets, but none of them looked good.
Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here .
5) each 与every
each 和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个别,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外,each可指两个以上的人或事物,而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如:
There are trees on each side of the road .
Every student in Class 5 passed the exam .
Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt .
We each wear a yellow T-shirt .
(3) 几组容易混淆的不定代词:
1)it ,one ,that作代词时的区别
it特指上下文提到的同一对象是同一事物。
one泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同一。
★that常用与比较结构中,代替前面提到的名词,以避免重复。如:
---Who has a pen ? ---I have one .
The book is mine. _______is very interesting .
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .
2)either与any作“任何”讲时的区别
either是两者中任何一个;any是三者(及以上)中任何一个。如:
We plant trees on either side of the street .
You can choose any student to join the swimming .
3)neither与none的区别
neither是两者都不;none是三者或三者以上都不。如:
______ of you two is right .
None of the students likes the math teacher .
---Which subject do you like better, math or English ? ---Neither, I like Chinese .
4)other,the other,others,the others,another
不定代词
意义
用法说明
other
另外的
只作定语,常与复数名词或不可数名词连用;但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no。one,my,your,his等,则可与单数名词连用
the other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用,构成“one-----the other”;作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”
others
泛指别的人或物
是other的复数形式,泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)。不能作定语,可以构成some------- others结构
the others
特指其余的人或物
是the other的复数形式,特指其余的人或物
another
任何一个,另一个
指三者或三者以上中的任何一个,用作形容词或代词
He is taller than any other student in his class .
He is taller than ______ ______ in his class .
He is taller than the other students in his class .
Some students like pop music while ______ don’t in our school .
I want some other books besides this dictionary .
六. 代词it 的用法
1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如:
The book on the desk is not mine . It is Jim’s .
2. 代替指示代词this 或 that。如:
---What’s that ? ---It is a pencil .
3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。如:
---Who is shouting in the classroom ? ---It must be Tom.
4. 表示时间、距离和天气。如:
---What’s the weather like today ? ---It is sunny .
How far is it from your school to your home ?
---What’s the time now ? ---It is ten o’clock .
5. 用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中:
(1) It’s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.
(2) It’s time +to do sth. /for sth. /that
(3) It seems that----看起来好像----
(4) It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
(5) It’s +adj. + that 从句
It is important for us to work hard .
It’s time to get up .
It seems that he is quite happy .
It’s your turn to sing a song .
It’s necessary that you should read English every morning .
6. 作形式宾语
Do you think it difficult to learn Ftench ?
I find it easy to surf the Internet .
讲后练习:
1.(2008 北京) I’m go skating. Would you like to go with______?
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
2.(2008 杭州)---______ do you study for a test?
---I study by working with a group.
A. What
B. Whom
C. How
D. Where
3.(2008 贵阳)---I’ve made some coffee. Would you like______?
---That would be fine.
A. many
B. any
C. some
4.(2008 上海)I knocked on the door several times but ______ answered, so I left.
A.somebody
B. nobody
C.anybody
D. everybody
5.(2008 重庆)---When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
---______is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both
B. All
C. either
D. neither
6.(2008 湘潭)I love ______ parents and they love ______, too.
A. my, me
B. me, me
C. my,my
7. (2008 兰州)_____ English teacher is not only strict with the students but also wtith _____.
A. His, himself B. Mine, himself C. her, himself
D. My, myself
8.(2008 重庆)During those days, a lot of stories about love could be heard. Here is ______ of them.
A. one
B. none
C. some
D. each
9.(2008 安徽)---Who is singing in the next room? ---______ must be Marie.
A. It
B. She
C. This
D. There
10.(2008 云南)---Would you like to have ______to drink now?
---No, thanks.
A. anything cool B. cool something C. something cool D. cool anything