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Commandant of the Marine Corps
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC) is normally the highest ranking officer in the United States
Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[1] The CMC reports directly to the United States
Secretary of the Navy and is responsible for ensuring the organization, policy, plans, and programs for the
Marine Corps as well as advising the President, the Secretary of Defense, the National Security Council,[1]
the Homeland Security Council,[1] and the Secretary of the Navy on matters involving the Marine Corps.
Under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy, the CMC designates Marine personnel and resources to the
commanders of Unified Combatant Commands.[2] The commandant performs all other functions prescribed
in Section 5043 in Title 10 of the United States Code[3] or delegates those duties and responsibilities to other
officers in his administration in his name. As with the other joint chiefs, the Commandant is an
administrative position and has no operational command authority over United States Marine Corps forces.
The Commandant is nominated by the President for a four-year term of office and must be confirmed by the
Senate.[3] By statute, the Commandant is appointed as a four-star general while serving in office.[3] "The
Commandant is directly responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the total performance of the Marine
Corps. This includes the administration, discipline, internal organization, training, requirements, efficiency,
and readiness of the service. The Commandant is also responsible for the operation of the Marine Corps
material support system."[4] Since 1801, the home of the Commandant has been located in the Marine
Barracks in Washington, D.C. and his main offices are in Arlington, Virginia.
Responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Commandant are outlined in Title 10, Section 5043 the United States Code[3] and
is "Subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of the Navy". As stated in the U.S. Code,
the Commandant shall preside over the Headquarters, Marine Corps, transmit the plans and
recommendations of the Headquarters, Marine Corps, to the Secretary and advise the Secretary with regard
to such plans and recommendations, after approval of the plans or recommendations of the Headquarters,
Marine Corps, by the Secretary, act as the agent of the Secretary in carrying them into effect, exercise
supervision, consistent with the authority assigned to commanders of unified or specified combatant commands under chapter 6 of this title, over such
of the members and organizations of the Marine Corps and the Navy as the Secretary determines, perform the duties prescribed for him by section 171
of this title and other provisions of law and perform such other military duties, not otherwise assigned by law, as are assigned to him by the President,
the Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary of the Navy.[3]
List of commandants
Thirty-four [5] men have served as the Commandant of the Marine Corps, including the current Commandant James T. Conway. The first Commandant
was Samuel Nicholas, who took office as a captain,[5] though there was no office titled "Commandant" at the time, and the Second Continental
Congress had authorized that the senior-most Marine could take a rank up to Colonel.[6] The longest-serving was Archibald Henderson, sometimes
referred to as the "Grand old man of the Marine Corps" due to his thirty-nine year tenure.[5] In the 234-year history of the United States Marine Corps,
only one Commandant has ever been fired from the job: Anthony Gale, as a result of a court-martial in 1820.[5]
In June 2010, sitting Assistant Commandant James F. Amos was recommended for nomination by Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to succeed
Conway as Commandant, while recommending Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. to fill his role as Assistant Commandant.[7][8] If nominated by President Barack
Obama, his move would break the tradition of the Commandant being an infantry officer.[8][7]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Marine_Corps Go
Commandant of the Marine
Corps
Incumbent:
Gen James T. Conway
since: November 14, 2006
First Samuel Nicholas
Formation November 28, 1775de facto,
July 12, 1798de jure
Contents
n 1 Responsibilities
n 2 List of commandants
n 2.1 Timeline
n 3 See also
n 4 References
# Picture Name Rank Start of tenure End of tenure Notes
1 Samuel Nicholas Major November 28, 1775 August 27, 1783
The first de facto Commandant for his role as the senior-most
officer of the Continental Marines.[9]
2 William W. Burrows
Lieutenant
Colonel July 12, 1798 March 6, 1804
The first de jure Commandant, he started many important
organizations within the Marine Corps, including the United
States Marine Band
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3 Franklin Wharton
Lieutenant
Colonel March 7, 1804 September 1, 1818
Was the first Commandant to occupy the Commandant's
House at the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.
Archibald
Henderson
(acting)
Major September 16, 1818 March 2, 1819 Acting Commandant, would later serve as Commandant from 1820 to 1859
4 — Anthony Gale
Lieutenant
Colonel March 3, 1819 October 8, 1820 The only Commandant to be fired
5 Archibald Henderson
Brevet
Brigadier
General
October 17, 1820 January 6, 1859
The longest-serving Commandant; known as the "Grand old
man of the Marine Corps"; known for his role in expanding
the Marine Corp's mission to include expeditionary warfare
and rapid deployment[10]
6 John Harris Colonel January 7, 1859 May 1, 1864 Commandant during the start of the American Civil War
7 Jacob Zeilin Brigadier General June 10, 1864 October 31, 1876
Became the Marine Corps' first general officer, officially
approved of the design of the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor as
the emblem of the Marine Corps
8 Charles G. McCawley Colonel November 1, 1876 January 29, 1891
Chose "Semper Fidelis", Latin for "Always Faithful", as the
official Marine Corps motto
9 Charles Heywood
Major
General June 30, 1891 October 2, 1903 Was the first Marine to hold the rank of Major General
10 George F. Elliott
Major
General October 3, 1903 November 30, 1910
Successfully resisted attempts to remove seagoing Marines
from capital ships and to merge the Corps into the United
States Army
11 William P. Biddle
Major
General February 3, 1911 February 24, 1914
Established the Advanced Base Force, forerunner of today's
Fleet Marine Force
12 George Barnett
Major
General February 25, 1914 June 30, 1920
Served as Commandant during World War I, which caused a
huge increase in personnel during his term
13 John A. Lejeune
Major
General July 1, 1920 March 4, 1929
Started the tradition of the birthday ball with Marine Corps
Order 47, still read annually
14 Wendall C. Neville
Major
General March 5, 1929 July 8, 1930
Recipient of the Medal of Honor and Marine Corps Brevet
Medal
Ben H. Major
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15
Fuller General
July 9, 1930 February 28, 1933 Consolidated the Fleet Marine Force concept
16 John H. Russell, Jr.
Major
General March 1, 1934 November 30, 1936
The system of seniority promotions of officers was changed
to advancement by selection, the 1st Marine Brigade was
withdrawn from Haiti, and the number of ships carrying
Marine detachments continued to increase.
17 Thomas Holcomb
Lieutenant
General December 1, 1936 December 31, 1943
Expanded the Corps almost 20 times in size for World War II
and integrated women into the Corps. The first Marine to be
advanced (after retirement) to the rank of General
18
Alexander
A.
Vandegrift
General January 1, 1944 December 31, 1947
Recipient of the Medal of Honor. Was the first active duty
Marine to hold the rank of General, resisted attempts to
merge the Corps with the Army
19 Clifton B. Cates General January 1, 1948 December 31, 1951 Recipient of the Navy Cross
20 Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. General January 1, 1952 December 31, 1955 First Commandant to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff
21 Randolph M. Pate General January 1, 1956 December 31, 1959 —
22 David M. Shoup General January 1, 1960 December 31, 1963 Recipient of the Medal of Honor
23 Wallace M. Greene, Jr. General January 1, 1964 December 31, 1967 Oversaw the proliferation of the Corps in the Vietnam War
24 Leonard F. Chapman, Jr. General January 1, 1968 December 31, 1971 Was the Commandant during the Vietnam War
25 Robert E. Cushman, Jr. General January 1, 1972 June 30, 1975
Saw the last of the Marines leave Vietnam and the peacetime
strength fall to 194,000 while still maintaining readiness
26 Louis H. Wilson, Jr. General July 1, 1975 June 30, 1979 Recipient of the Medal of Honor
27 Robert H. Barrow General July 1, 1979 June 30, 1983
Was the first Commandant to serve a regular four-year tour as
a full member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, acquired approval
of production of the American-modified Harrier aircraft, and
several other improvements to enhance the effectiveness of
the Marine Corps
28 Paul X. Kelley General July 1, 1983 June 30, 1987
In 2007, in an op-ed piece in the Washington Post, General
Kelly spoke against President George W. Bush's executive
order concerning the interrogation and torture of terrorism
suspects.
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Timeline
See also
n Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
n Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps
References
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
29 Alfred M. Gray, Jr. General July 1, 1987 June 30, 1991
The Alfred M. Gray Research Center at Marine Corps Base
Quantico houses the Marine Corps Archives and Special
Collections, the Quantico Base Library, and the research
library for the Marine Corps University.
30 Carl E. Mundy, Jr. General July 1, 1991 June 30, 1995
Is currently on the board of directors for General Dynamics
and is the Chairman of the Marine Corps University
foundation
31 Charles C. Krulak General July 1, 1995 June 30, 1999
Was the son of Marine Corps Lieutenant General Victor H.
Krulak
32 James L. Jones General July 1, 1999 January 12, 2003
Oversaw the Marine Corps' development of MARPAT
camouflage uniforms and the adoption of the Marine Corps
Martial Arts Program; later became the first Marine officer to
serve as Commander, U.S. European Command
(USEUCOM) and NATO's Supreme Allied Commander
Europe (SACEUR), then as National Security Advisor for the
Obama Administration.
33 Michael W. Hagee General January 13, 2003 November 13, 2006 Guided the Corps through the initial years of the Iraq War
34 James T. Conway General November 14, 2006 Incumbent The current serving Commandant
页码,4/5Commandant of the Marine Corps - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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General
n Allan Reed Millett and Jack Shulimson, ed (2004). Commandants of the Marine Corps. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9780870210129.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Qns8bW_SESYC&client=firefox-a.
Inline citations
1. ^ a b c 10 U.S.C. § 151 Joint Chiefs of Staff: composition; functions.
2. ^ 10 U.S.C. § 165 Combatant commands: administration and support
3. ^ a b c d e 10 U.S.C. § 5043 Commandant of the Marine Corps
4. ^ "Appendix A: How the Marines Are Organized" (PDF). Marine Corps Concepts and Programs 2006. United States Marine Corps. p. 252.
http://www.usmc.mil/units/hqmc/pandr/Documents/Concepts/2006/PDF/Appendicies%202006%20PDFs/2006Appx%20A%20pg252-254%20Intro%20and%
20HQMC.pdf. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
5. ^ a b c d "Commandants of the U.S. Marine Corps". Historical Topics: Frequently Requested. Reference Branch, History Division, United States Marine Corps.
http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Frequently_Requested/Commandants.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
6. ^ Journal of the Continential Congress (10 November 1775). "Resolution Establishing the Continential Marines". United States Marine Corps History Division.
http://www.tecom.usmc.mil/HD/Docs_Speeches/Continentialcongressestmarines1775.htm. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
7. ^ a b "Gates pegs Amos to lead Marine Corps". United Press International. June 15, 2010. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2010/06/15/Gates-pegs-Amos-to-
lead-Marine-Corps/UPI-70421276608371/. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
8. ^ a b Cavas, Christopher P. (June 15, 2010). "Amos expected to be named commandant". Marine Corps Times.
http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2010/06/defense_commandant_amos_061410/. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
9. ^ Hoffman, Col Jon T. (2002). Marine Corps Association. ed. USMC: A Complete History. Beth L. Crumley (illustration editor), Charles J. Ziga (design), Col
John Greenwood (editor), James O. Muschett (editor). Hugh Lauter Levin Associates. ISBN 0-88363-650-6. http://www.mca-
marines.org/gazette/bookindex02.asp.
10. ^ Krivdo, Michael E. (4th quarter 2009). "Harpers Ferry: Last Action of "Henderson Era"". Fortitudine (Quantico, VA: United States Marine Corps Historical
Program) 34 (4): pp. 7–11. ISBN 0-16-010404-1. http://bookstore.gpo.gov/actions/GetPublication.do?stocknumber=708-084-00000-0. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
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Categories: Joint Chiefs of Staff | United States Marine Corps Commandants | United States Marine Corps leadership | United States Marine Corps lists
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