使役动词讲解与练习

日骋教育教辅讲义学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次：任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间：2016/12/3课：使役动词的用法及练习英语中具有使役意义的动词较多，跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念•通常我们说使役动词，指的是make,have,let这三个动词，它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法•但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些，用法也较灵活，现将其分类叙述如下，以饷读者.（注：英语动词意义丰富，在此仅限于“使役”意义.）1使役动词have，let，make（常用于复合结构）have的用法1）.have+宾语+省to不定式：示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系•而且还可以与情态动词will，would连用，不用于被动结构.Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.2）.have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中，宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说，鼓励”宾语干某事.Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.3）.have+宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志，即主语让别人为自己完成某事，宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.“别人”在句中一般不出现，这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：Haveyouwashedyourclothes?你洗了衣服了吗？（自己洗）Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?你叫人洗了衣服了吗？（别人洗）4）.have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补Pleasehaveyourticketsready.TheEmperorhadnothingon.IamsureI'llhavehimintheargument.let的用法1）.let+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事，宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系，罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设」et后不能接现在分词，过去分词作宾补.Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.2）.let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补Letmeinandletthemout.Wholetyouintothebuilding?3.make的用法1）.make+宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事滨语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.2）.make+宾语+过去分词，此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.3).make+宾语+形容词，宾语亦可是从句.Thenewsmadeherhappy.Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.2"半使役动词”amaze,astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是-为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词2.4常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊呀），astonishcomplicate（使某人感到复杂）delight（使某人感到高兴）distinguish（使某人感到显著）exhaust（使某人感到疲倦）inspire（使某人感到刺激）puzzle（使某人感到不解）shock（使某人感到震惊）个没有被认同的概念或术语，而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作,使用频率高，业已成为学习和考查中的重点，难点,易混易错点，而且在教.半使役动词之所以得名，一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到……”let,have,make等区别开来.（使某人感到惊奇），,confuse（使某人感到迷惑）,discourage（使某人感到气馁）,excite（使某人感到兴奋）,frighten（使某人感到恐惧）,move（使某人感到激动）bore（使某人感到厌倦），,disappoint（使某人感到失望）,satisfy（使某人感到满意）,strike（使某人感到震动），等等.something+Vt.+somebody,encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）,interest（使某人感到有趣）,please（使某人感到高兴），,surprise（使某人感到惊异），,tire（使某人感到疲惫），upset（使某人感到迷惑不解）2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：女口：Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theboy'behaviorupseteverybodyaround.2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词，一个加-ing,—个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成如：interest——interesting,interested;astonish——astonishing,astonished;please----pleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfy----satisfying,satisfied,satisfactory.2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律一般而言，作定语时，v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动，表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时，v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.女口：Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合结构中3.1get使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很接近）Ican'gettheoldradiotowork.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.（接带to不定式作宾补）Canyoureallygetthatoldcargoingagain?你真能让那旧车运转起来吗？Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame.那农民在雨季前完成了种植.Hegothiswristbroken.他折断了手腕.（主语发生了不幸的事）Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschool.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备3.2leave使保持/处于某种状态Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里.Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗？Alwaysleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方Wholeftthatwindowopen?谁让窗户开着？Don'leavehimwaitingoutsideintherain.别让他在外面雨中等待.Leavesb/sthalone.不要干涉某人或某事.Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了，不要再去管它了.//不要画蛇添足.3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系setsomebodyathisease使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由，释放（犯人等）It'timewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我决心于五月底前完成那工作setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上Mindhowyougo----younearlysentmeflying.小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚蛋.Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰收使物价下跌.3.5drive使某人处于某状态，迫使某人做某事Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他绝望.You'drivememad/tomywits'end.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付的.Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.寒冷的天气使我们待在家里Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.如果你手冷，把它们放在口袋里.Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗？I'msorryIvekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们设法让我活下去.4使役意义动态动词4.1cause致使,导致（能接直接宾语，双宾语，复合宾语）Whatcausedhisdeath?什么导致了他的死亡？Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧虑.Whatcausedtheplantstodie.（=whatmadethemdie.）什么使得这些植物枯死.Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.（=hehadthemputtodeath.）他使得这些犯人被处死4.2force迫使，强迫（宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）forceone'swaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作一、单项选择Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudentswellofhim.AtospeakBspokenCtohavespokenDspeakTheyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfan.AinstallBtoinstallCtobeinstalledDinstalledThey'haveyouifyoudon'payyourtaxes.AtobearrestedBarrestCarrestedDbeingarrestedTheyknowherverywell.TheyhadseenherupAgrowBgrewCwasgrowingDtogrowIsthisfridgeyouwishtohave?Atheone,itrepairedBthat,repaireditCtheone,repairedDwhich,repairedWhenvisitingaforeigncountry,Isometimesfounditdifficult.AmakingunderstandmeBtomakemyselfunderstoodCtomakemyselfunderstand---Goodmorning,CanIhelpyou?---1'dliketohavethispackage,madamAbeweighedBtobeweighedCtoweighDweighedThespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldnotmakehimself.AhearBhavingheardChearingDheardJanewasmadetothetruckforaweekasapunishment.AtowashBwashingCtobewashingDwashThemissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDplayingThepoliceweretoldthatsomeboyswereseenonthestreet.AplayingBtobeplayingCplayDtoplayingPauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.AtolearnBlearnClearnedDlearningEllenwasabsentthismorning,shehadherteeth.AfillingBfilledCtofillDfillThemanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextdoor.AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryoutIfyouwanttobuyanexpensivecamera,wehaveseveralmodels.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosingTheexaminermadeusouridentificationinordertobeadmittedtothetextcenter.AshowingBshowCshowedDtoshowWeweretoldtohaveourreadingroomafterschool.AcleanBtocleanCcleaningDcleanedTheymadeafireuptheroom,assoonastheirleadercameback.AwarmBwarmedCtowarmDwarmingIoftennoticedtheboyschoolaloneverysoon.AleaveBleftCleavingDtonoticeThepeople'sgovernmentdoesitbesttohavingthelivingstandardofthepeople.ArisenBraiseCriseDraised----Yourbrotherlookstired,What'swrongwithhim?——Well,that"becausehisbosshadhimallday.AworksBtoworkCworkingDworkedJennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishinashortperiod.AimprovedBimprovingCtoimproveDimproveDidyounoticethelittleboyaway?AtookthecandyandrunBtakingthecandyandrunCtakethecandyandrunDwhentakingandrunningIsmellsomethinginthekitchen,canIcallyoubackinaminute?AburningBburntCbeingburntDtobeburnt二、用所给动词适当形式填空Hedidn'passtheexam.Ifoundhim(frustrate)IlikemyChineseteacher.Healwaysmakeshisclasses(interest)Jimnoticedapurse(lie)onthegroundonhiswaytoschool.Theboysawabasket(hang)inthetree.Myfatherusuallygetsme(water)theplant.Theteacherwasangry.Hekepttheboy(stand)there.Letthelittlegirl(sit)down.WhentheteachercameinInoticedhim(smile).Isawthelight(亮着)andthedoor.(关着).Hismother'bikeisbroken.Shewillhaveit(repair).Thestudentsareoftenmade(take)differentextraclassesafterschool.Hewasoftenheard(sing)Englishsongs.三、将下列句子变成动语态1.1sawhimlisteningtotheradiojustnow.Hismothermadehimcleantheroomyesterday.Ourteacheroftenmakesmelaughinclass.Inoticedadogcomein.